Health and climate scientists have mapped how climate change affects different parts of the world in different ways. The scientists point to the fact that changes in the past thirty years may, have been affecting human health. Possible effects include more deaths from extreme(极度的) heat or cold, more storms and more crop failures in dry periods.
The health and climate scientists recently estimated(估计) that climate changes caused by human activity lead to more than one hundred and fifty thousand deaths each year. Cases of sickness are estimated at five million. And the W.H.O. says the numbers could rise quickly by the year of 2003.
Jonathan Patz of an environmental institute led the study. Professor Patz points out that climate scientists connected global warming with the heat that killed thousands in Europe in August, 2003. But he says poor countries least responsible(对……负责) for the warming are most in danger from the health effects of higher temperatures.
Professor Patz says areas in greatest danger include southern and eastern Africa and coastlines along the Pacific and Indian oceans. Also, large cities experience what scientists call a "heat island"effect that can make conditions worse.
Representatives(代表) from about two hundred countries hold a meeting in Canada, to discuss climate change. The ten-day meeting ends on December 9th. It is the first such United Nations meeting since the Kyoto Protocol(京都议定书) took effect earlier this year. The agreement aims to reduce the amount of carbon dioxide(二氧化碳) and other heat-trapping(吸热的) gases sent off into the air.
1.Who is Jonathan Patz?
A.A scientist responsible for the climate change. |
B.A scientist in charge of the study of the climate change. |
C.A professor interested in the climate change. |
D.A professor who is a representative from an African country. |
2.Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?
A.Climate changes affect different parts of the world in the same way. |
B.The ten-day meeting is the first United Nations meeting on climate change. |
C.The Kyoto Protocol aims to make smaller the amount of heat-trapping gases into the air. |
D.Poor countries are responsible for the global warming. |
3.Possible effects from the climate changes include the following EXCEPT ______.
A.crop failures | B.storms | C.more deaths from overheat | D.air pollution |
4.According to the health and climate scientists, climate changes have been caused by ______.
A.dry weather | B.cold weather | C.human activities | D.storms |
5.We can infer from the passage that ______.
A.climate changes are having a bad effect on human’s health |
B.Professor Patz leads the study of climate changes |
C.a "heat island"effect large cities experience makes the matter worse |
D.rich countries are most responsible for climate changes |
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题
Health and climate scientists have mapped how climate change affects different parts of the world in different ways. The scientists point to the fact that changes in the past thirty years may, have been affecting human health. Possible effects include more deaths from extreme(极度的) heat or cold, more storms and more crop failures in dry periods.
The health and climate scientists recently estimated(估计) that climate changes caused by human activity lead to more than one hundred and fifty thousand deaths each year. Cases of sickness are estimated at five million. And the W.H.O. says the numbers could rise quickly by the year of 2003.
Jonathan Patz of an environmental institute led the study. Professor Patz points out that climate scientists connected global warming with the heat that killed thousands in Europe in August, 2003. But he says poor countries least responsible(对……负责) for the warming are most in danger from the health effects of higher temperatures.
Professor Patz says areas in greatest danger include southern and eastern Africa and coastlines along the Pacific and Indian oceans. Also, large cities experience what scientists call a "heat island"effect that can make conditions worse.
Representatives(代表) from about two hundred countries hold a meeting in Canada, to discuss climate change. The ten-day meeting ends on December 9th. It is the first such United Nations meeting since the Kyoto Protocol(京都议定书) took effect earlier this year. The agreement aims to reduce the amount of carbon dioxide(二氧化碳) and other heat-trapping(吸热的) gases sent off into the air.
1.Who is Jonathan Patz?
A.A scientist responsible for the climate change. |
B.A scientist in charge of the study of the climate change. |
C.A professor interested in the climate change. |
D.A professor who is a representative from an African country. |
2.Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?
A.Climate changes affect different parts of the world in the same way. |
B.The ten-day meeting is the first United Nations meeting on climate change. |
C.The Kyoto Protocol aims to make smaller the amount of heat-trapping gases into the air. |
D.Poor countries are responsible for the global warming. |
3.Possible effects from the climate changes include the following EXCEPT ______.
A.crop failures | B.storms | C.more deaths from overheat | D.air pollution |
4.According to the health and climate scientists, climate changes have been caused by ______.
A.dry weather | B.cold weather | C.human activities | D.storms |
5.We can infer from the passage that ______.
A.climate changes are having a bad effect on human’s health |
B.Professor Patz leads the study of climate changes |
C.a "heat island"effect large cities experience makes the matter worse |
D.rich countries are most responsible for climate changes |
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
For years, scientists and others concerned about climate change have been talking about the need for carbon capture and storage (CCS).
That is the term for removing carbon dioxide(二氧化碳) from, say, a coal-burning power plant’s smokestack and pumping it deep underground to keep it out of the atmosphere, where it would otherwise contribute to global warming.
However, currently, only one power plant in Canada captures and stores carbon on a commercial scale (and it has been having problems). Among the concerns about storage is that carbon dioxide in gaseous or liquid form that is pumped underground might escape back to the atmosphere. So storage sites would have to be monitored, potentially for decades or centuries.
But scientists at Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory at Columbia University and other institutions have come up with a different way to store CO2 that might eliminate that problem. Their approach involves dissolving the gas with water and pumping the resulting mixture — soda water, essentially — down into certain kinds of rocks, where the CO2 reacts with the rock to form a mineral called calcite(方解石). By turning the gas into stone, scientists can lock it away permanently. Volcanic rocks called basalts(玄武岩) are excellent for this process, because they are rich in calcium, magnesium and iron, which react with CO2.
The project called CarbFix started in Iceland, 2012, when the scientists pumped about 250 tons of carbon dioxide, mixed with water, about 1,500 feet down into porous basalt. Early signs were encouraging: The scientists found that about 95 percent of the carbon dioxide was changed into calcite. And even more importantly, they wrote, the change happened relatively quickly — in less than two years.
“It’s beyond all our expectations,” said Edda Aradottir, who manages the project. Rapid change of the CO2 means that a project would probably have to be monitored for a far shorter time than a more conventional storage site.
There are still concerns about whether the technology will prove useful in the fight against global warming. For one thing, it would have to be scaled up enormously. For another, a lot of water is needed — 25 tons of it for every ton of CO2 — along with the right kind of rock.
But the researchers say that there is enough porous basaltic rock in Iceland, including in the ocean floors and along the margins of continents. And sitting a storage project in or near the ocean could potentially solve the water problem at the same time, as the researchers say seawater would work just fine.
1.What can we learn about CCS in Paragraphs 2 and 3?
A. Scientists believe global warming will be avoided if CO2 is pumped underground.
B. It’s been a common practice in many plants to capture and store CO2 underground.
C. There is no guarantee that CO2 will not escape even if pumped underground.
D. It requires decades to turn CO2 into liquid form and be locked underground.
2.What materials should be involved in the project CarbFix?
A. Water, CO2, soda water and basalts.
B. Water, CO2, a pump and basalts.
C. CO2, basalts, a pump and calcite.
D. Water, soda water, a pump and calcite.
3.According to Edda Aradottir, the result of the project was beyond the researchers’ expectations, because ________.
A. it’s disappointing to discover new problems caused by rapid change
B. it’s exciting to sense the problem of storing CO2 likely to be solved
C. it’s puzzling to find the encouraging but unexpected result of the project
D. it’s amazing to see 95% of the carbon dioxide turn into calcite that fast
4.What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage?
A. To show the different ways to fight against CO2.
B. To praise the efforts of scientists in storing CO2.
C. To inform us of a breakthrough in storing CO2.
D. To urge people to produce the least possible CO2.
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
Plants are flowering faster than scientists predict in reaction to climate change, which could have long damaging effects on food chains and ecosystems.
“Global warming is having a great effect on hundreds of plant and animal species around the world, changing some living patterns.” scientists say.
Increased carbon dioxide (CO2) in the air from burning coal and oil can have an effect on how plants produce oxygen, while higher temperatures and changeable rainfall patterns can change their patterns of growth.
“Predicting species’ reaction to climate change is a major challenge in ecology,” said the researchers of several U.S. Universities. They said plants had been the key object of study because their reaction to climate change could have an effect on food chains and ecosystem services.
The study, published on the Nature website, uses the findings from plant life cycle studies and experiments across four continents and 1,634 species. It found that some experiments had underestimated the speed of flowering by 8.5 times and leafing by 4 times.
“Across all species, the experiments underestimated the speed of the advance—for both leafing and flowering—that results from temperature increases,” the study said.
“The design of future experiments may need to be improved to better predict how plants will react to climate change,” it said.
Plants are necessary for life on the Earth. They are the base of the food chain, using photosynthesis (光合作用) to produce sugar from carbon dioxide and water. They let out oxygen which is needed by nearly every organism on the planet.
Scientists believe the world’s average temperature has risen by about 0.8 ℃ since 1900, and nearly 0.2 ℃ every ten years since 1979.
So far, efforts to cut emissions of planet-warming greenhouse gases are not seen as enough to prevent the Earth heating up beyond 2 ℃ this century—a point scientists say will bring the danger of a changeable climate in which weather extremes are common, leading to drought, floods, crop failures and rising sea levels.
1.What is the key information the author wants to give in Paragraph 1?
A. The increasing speed of flowering is beyond scientists’ expectation.
B. Climate change leads to the change of food production patterns.
C. Plants’ reaction to weather could have damaging effects on ecosystem.
D. Food chains have been seriously damaged because of weather.
2.We can learn from the study published on the Nature website that _____.
A. scientists should improve the design of the experiments
B. plants’ flowering is 8.5 times faster than leafing
C. there are 1,634 plant species on the four continents
D. the experiments failed to predict how plants react to climate change
3.Scientists pay special attention to the study of plants because _____.
A. they can prove the climate change clearly
B. they are very important in the food chains
C. they play a leading role in reducing global warming
D. they are growing and flowering much faster than before
4.What can be inferred from the last two paragraphs about the world’s temperature?
A. It has risen nearly 0.2 ℃ since 1979.
B. It is 0.8 ℃ higher in 1979 than that of 1990.
C. It needs to be controlled within 2 ℃ in this century.
D. Its change will lead to weather extremes.
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
Scientists have recreated a 1985 study of birds in Peru that shows climate change is pushing them from their natural environment. Thirty years ago, researchers studied over 400 kinds of birds living on a mountainside in Peru. In 2017, researchers looked again at the bird populations. They found that almost all had moved to higher places in the mountain. Almost all had decreased in size. And, the scientists say at least eight bird groups that started at the higher elevations (高地) had died out completely.
The researchers say the birds might have moved up the mountain because of temperature changes. Or changes to food sources may have forced them to go higher. The findings were published in a science journal. The 1985 research has documented birds and other animals moving up in elevation (高地) in reaction to warming temperatures. Mark Urban, a biologist at a university, said this recent study was the first to prove that rising temperatures and moving to avoid them can lead to extinction.
In 2016, Fitzpatrick, director and a co-writer of the study passed his notes, photos and other records to Benjamin Freeman. Freeman has been researching tropical birds for more than 10 years. He set out in August and September of 2017 to copy Fitzpatrick’s study. His team used the same methods, searching the same places in the same time of year.
Freeman’s team wanted to see how things had changed for the bird groups since 1985. The average temperatures on the mountain had risen 0.42 degrees Celsius. His team placed 20 sound recording devices on the mountain to record the sounds of birds that might not easily be seen.
Freeman said that the birds moved an average of 98 meters further up the mountain. He believes that temperature is the main cause of the birds’ movement. Fitzpatrick noted that birds used to living in areas with little temperature change may be especially at risk because of climate change. He said, “We should expect that what’s happening on this mountain top is happening more generally in the Andes, and other tropical mountain ranges.”
1.How many kinds of birds lived in Peru 30 years ago?
A. At least eight bird groups. B. More than 400.
C. Over eight bird groups. D. Less than 400.
2.Why did the birds move up the mountain?
A. To avoid temperature changes.
B. To find more food sources.
C. To adapt to extreme temperature.
D. To react to the increase of other kinds of animals.
3.How did Freeman and his team record the sound of birds not easily being seen?
A. They had the temperature rise 0.42 degrees Celsius.
B. They moved an average of 98 meters further up the mountain.
C. They placed 20 sound recording devices on the mountain.
D. They kept on listening to the sound happening on this mountain top.
4.What is the main idea of the text?
A. Two teams used the same methods to do researches.
B. Scientists documented birds and other animals moving up in elevation.
C. Scientists have been researching tropical birds for more than 10 years.
D. Rising temperature made almost all birds in Peru become extinct.
高三英语阅读理解困难题查看答案及解析
"How to Let Co of the World and Love All the Things Climate Can't Change" is the latest movie from film-maker and climate activist Josh Fox.The movie is the third film in a three-part series about climate change.
In 2010,Fox's documentary "Gasland" was appointed for the highest award-an Oscar. "Gasland" explored the hotly debated process of removing natural gas from the ground.He examined the subject again in "Gasland Ⅱ".
Fox was in Washington,D.C.recently to present his third film.He was arrested during a protest against a new fuel pipeline.In the film,Fox says pollution from fossil fuels must be reduced.Without limits,there will be more extreme weather,like severe storms and dry weather,rising sea levels,causing shortages of food and water, "When you really encounter that head on,it causes an in-credible crisis."
In the new film,Fox travels through a sunless forest in the Amazon with local activists to measure oil spills.He goes to a village in Ecuador to learn how people there stopped a pipeline from being built.He joins young people in Australia to stop boats from entering the port of Newcastle.
"You should probably know the downside of what we're about to do.This is the short list: drowning,being arrested: being run over by boats,drifting away in currents out into the Pacific Ocean,cultural disrespect,big waves."
Also in the film,Fox talks to Ella Zhou,an energy expert.She explained the importance of what she calls "moral imagination"."I think that it forces us to get out of our box of thinking about,for instance,what is being successful.It allows us to have a moral value about what you want as a person.What do you want to do for the world and for yourself?"
1.Why was Fox's "Gasland" appointed for an Oscar?
A. Because Fox is the most famous film-maker in America.
B. Because Fox had experienced incredible crisis in the globe.
C. Because the movie is mainly about global climate change.
D. Because Fox was arrested for opposing a new fuel pipeline.
2.What does the underlined word "that" refer to?
A. The pollution from fossil fuels. B. The economic crisis.
C. The increasing population. D. The extreme weather.
3.What's the purpose of "moral imagination" mentioned in the last paragraph?
A. To warn people of the importance of creating new fuels.
B. To make people learn to be creative in thinking things.
C. To motivate people to achieve their dreams in their life.
D. To stimulate people to find the values of individuals.
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
Many scientists believe that global warming, if , will cause extreme climate changes this century.
A.not stopping B.no stop C.not stopped D.without stop
高三英语单项填空简单题查看答案及解析
Scientists studying the impact of climate change on the Arctic need to consider ways to reduce their own carbon footprints(碳排放量), says Ryan Brook, a researcher who regularly flies north to study the health of caribous(驯鹿).He calls on scientists to show leadership by examining and sharing ways to reduce the impact of working in polar regions.
“The importance of the research is not at question here. It is important to our understanding of and adapting to climate change. But we need to think about better approaches,” says Brook.
“This is an issue for all scientists, though polar researchers often travel particularly long distances using commercial air travel. We also rely extensively on small aircraft, icebreakers, and snowmobiles, all of which produce large amounts of carbon.”
Brook studies the health of caribou herds in Nunavut and Northwest Territories. He works with northern wildlife managers. This work typically takes him north five or six times per year and when he calculated his own carbon footprint, he was not happy with the result.
“My research footprints are about the same as the annual footprints of an average Toronto resident. Basically, I have two footprints — my own personal life, which is moderate, and my research footprint.”
Climate scientists can rightly argue that Arctic research is a specialized field and the community of scientists who travel north is relatively small. Even if all scientists working in the north reduced their carbon emissions, it would not make a big impact on the global scale. For Brook, it’s the option that matters.
There are ways researchers can reduce the amount of carbon they use. Some helicopters use less fuel than others. Solar and wind power are alternatives to gas-fired generators. And while carbon offsets(抵消) don’t reduce the amount of carbon emitted, they are an easy first step.
“There aren’t necessarily any easy answers, but we need to start talking about it,” says Brook. “This is particularly important for the next generation of scientists being trained and I hope to see them become leaders in this issue.”
1.What did Brook find when he calculated his own carbon footprints?
A.His carbon footprints are more than the annual footprints of a Toronto resident. |
B.His personal life footprints are more than the annual footprints of a Toronto resident. |
C.His research footprints are about the same as his personal life footprints. |
D.His personal life footprints are more than his research footprints. |
2. Brook’s opinion is challenged by the statement that ________.
A.arctic research is very important |
B.the Arctic is a special environment |
C.the footprints of Arctic scientists are small |
D.Brook’s situation is a common phenomenon |
3.We can infer from the last paragraph that ________.
A.we should take actions immediately instead of just talking |
B.it’s easy to start talking about the problem of carbon emissions |
C.it’s necessary now to pay attention to the problem of research footprints |
D.the next generation of scientists are more interested in research footprints |
4.What’s the main idea of the text?
A.The importance of arctic research is not at question. |
B.Climate change becomes worse because of arctic research. |
C.Brook suggests ways of reducing the use of carbon. |
D.Scientists must look at their own carbon footprints. |
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
Scientists, doctors and mental health professionals have been studying the connection between colors and mood for years. Many now believe that colors can not only bring about emotional reactions, but can also correct mood. Colors behave in three basic ways: active, passive and neutral (中和的).
Active colors are warm colors, including yellow, orange and red. These colors bring confidence. Warm colors can also bring cheerful attitudes. Yellows and golden colors work well in offices, kitchens and study areas. Reds heat up a room. Passive colors or cool colors make people calm, quiet and satisfied. Bedrooms, private areas and bathrooms are great places for blues and greens. Beige, gray and white are thought of as neutral colors. They help to put the focus on other colors or serve to tone down colors that might otherwise be overpowering on their own.
You can easily change the look or feel of a room by making good use of different colors. Mixing and matching colors is an excellent way to balance color and emotion, and provide a welcoming feel for guests.
To create a feeling of warmth and comfort in a room, use bright, warm colors like yellow, orange and red. These colors are good choices for rooms that appear cool due to limited sunlight. Yellow adds cheerfulness to dull rooms. You can add yellows to rooms which are not closely related to happy thoughts, such as kitchens and laundry room. In rooms where there's plenty of sunshine, cool colors can provide a calming environment. Sage greens and sky blues are perfect for bedrooms, playrooms and activity areas. Neutral colors, such as pale gray, white and beige, send a peaceful message to your brain. It's not a coincidence that most doctor's offices, coffee shops and mental health centers are decorated in neutrals.
To make your wall color choices better, pick out furniture that will provide a visual contrast. Cool colors make a room seem larger than it is and warm colors make rooms feel smaller.
Title: The 1. ____________ between colors and mood
Commonly believed effects of colors | 2.____________ emotional reactions and correcting mood |
3.____________ of colors and their effects | active colors ●bringing 4.____________ and cheerful attitude |
passive colors ●making people calm, quiet and bringing people more 5.____________. | |
neutral colors ●helping to put the focus on other colors or tone down 6. ________ colors | |
7. ____________ to balance color and emotion | ●using bright, warm colors to make a 8.___ , cool or dull room warm and comfortable ●using cool colors to create a calming environment in a bright room ●using 9._________ colors to send a peaceful message |
Tips on picking out furniture | Picking out furniture that will give a visual contrast to 10. ________ wall color choices |
高三英语填空题中等难度题查看答案及解析
Scientists say human activity contributes to climate change, but they do not agree on the rate_______ climate change may be developing.
A. with which B. with that C. at which D. at that
高三英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析
Now _____ understanding of climate change is no longer limited to ____ small group of scientists or environmentalists.
A. / ; a B. an ; a C. the ; the D. a ; /
高三英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析