(The New York Times, Oct.7) The 2019 Nobel Pr...

(The New York Times, Oct.7) The 2019 Nobel Prize in physiology(生理学) or medicine was jointly awarded to three scientists — William G. Kaelin Jr., Peter J. Ratcliffe and Gregg L. Semenza — for their work on how cells sense and adapt to oxygen availability. The Nobel Assembly announced the prize at the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm on Monday.

Their work established the genetic mechanisms(机制) that allow cells to respond to changes in oxygen levels. The findings have implications(启示) for treating a variety of diseases.

Why did they win?

“Oxygen is the lifeblood of living organisms(生物体),” said Dr. George Daley, dean of Harvard Medical School. “Without oxygen, cells can’t survive.” But too much or too little oxygen can be deadly. The three researchers tried to answer this question: How do cells regulate their responses?

The investigators uncovered detailed genetic responses to changing oxygen levels that allow cells in the bodies of humans and other animals to sense and respond to fluctuations(波动), increasing and decreasing how much oxygen they receive.

Why is the work important?

The discoveries reveal the cellular mechanisms that control such things as adaptation to high altitudes and how cancer cells manage to hijack(攫取) oxygen. Randall Johnson, a member of the Nobel Assembly, described the work as a “textbook discovery” and said it would be something students would start learning at the most basic levels of biology education.

“This is a basic aspect of how a cell works, and I think from that standpoint alone it’s a very exciting thing.” Johnson said.

The research also has implications for treating various diseases in which oxygen is in short supply — including anemia, heart attacks and strokes — as well as for treatment of cancers that are fed by and seek out oxygen.

1.This research has won the Nobel Prize mainly because ____________.

A.there was no research of this kind in the past

B.oxygen is the lifeblood of living things

C.it has uncovered how cells sense and respond to changes in oxygen levels

D.various diseases will be cured with the help of the findings of the research

2.We can learn from the passage that _____________.

A.The Nobel Prize was awarded to a physiologist on Monday in Sweden.

B.Cancer cells manage to hijack oxygen and need oxygen to develop.

C.The more oxygen there is in blood, the healthier a living body will be.

D.The genetic mechanisms have been found that allow oxygen to adapt to cells.

3.Which of the following can best explain the underlined word in the text?

A.used for textbooks B.powerful and authoritative

C.typical as a perfect example D.basic and clear

4.In which part of The New York Times can you find this article?

A.Entertainment B.Culture

C.Technology D.Science

高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析

By the end of the year, editors of New York Times have picked the 4 best books of 2019, including fiction and non-fiction. Let’s see which one will take your fancy.

Disappearing Earth

By Julia Phillips

In the first chapter of this novel, two young girls vanish, sending shock waves through a town on the edge of the remote and mysterious Kamchatka Peninsula. What follows is a novel of overlapping short stories about the different women who have been affected by their disappearance. Each tale pushes the narrative forward another month and exposes the ways in which the women of Kamchatka have been destroyed — personally, culturally and emotionally — by the crime.

No Visible Bruises

By Rachel Louise Snyder

Snyder’s thoroughly reported book covers what the World Health Organization has called “a global health problem”. In America alone, more than half of all murdered women are killed by a current or former life partner; domestic violence cuts across lines of class, religion and race. Snyder reveals pervasive myths (restraining orders are the answer, abusers never change) and writes movingly about the lives (and deaths) of people on both sides of the equation. She doesn’t give easy answers but presents a wealth of information that is its own form of hope.

Midnight in Chernobyl

By Adam Higginbotham

Higginbotham’s superb account of the April 1986 explosion at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant is one of those rare books about science and technology that read like a tension-filled thriller. Filled with vivid detail and sharply etched personalities, this narrative of astonishing incompetence moves from mistake to mistake, miscalculation to miscalculation, as it builds to the inevitable, history-changing disaster.

Exhalation

By Ted Chiang

Many of the nine deeply beautiful stories in this collection explore the material consequences of time travel. Reading them feels like sitting at dinner with a friend who explains scientific theory to you with no airs and graces. Each thoughtful, elegantly crafted story poses a philosophical question; Chiang arranges all nine into a conversation that comes full circle, after having travelled through remarkable areas.

1.Which of the following tells about the violence from a husband to a wife in a family?

A.Disappearing Earth B.No Visible Bruises

C.Midnight in Chernobyl D.Exhalation

2.How may readers feel when reading the book Midnight in Chernobyl?

A.Delighted. B.Awkward.

C.Tense. D.Calm.

3.What kind of book is Exhalation?

A.A folk tale. B.A biography.

C.A love story. D.A sci-fi story.

高三英语阅读理解简单题查看答案及解析

Since Mo Yan won the Nobel Prize in 2012, his fans have been eagerly waiting for his new novels to ______.

A. come out     B. turn out     C. bring out         D. go out

高三英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析

The New York Times——Stephen Hawking, the brightest star in the firmament(天空)of science, whose insights shaped modern cosmology(宇宙论)and inspired global audiences in the millions, has died aged 76. His family released a statement in the early hours of Wednesday morning confirming his death at his home in Cambridge. Hawking’s children, Lucy, Robert and Tim said in a statement: “We are deeply saddened that our beloved father passed away today.” “He was a great scientist and an extraordinary man whose work and legacy will live on for many years to come. His courage and persistence with his brilliance and humor inspired people across the world.”

When Hawking was diagnosed with motor neuronal (神经元的)disease in 1963 at the age of 21, doctors expected him to live for only two more years. But Hawking had a form of the disease that progressed more slowly than usual. He survived for more than half a century and long enough for his disability to define him. His popularity would surely have been diminished without it. Those who live in the shadow of death are often those who live most.

For Hawking, the early diagnosis of his terminal disease, and witnessing the death from leukaemia of a boy who he knew in hospital, ignited(点燃)a fresh sense of pursue. “Although there was a cloud hanging over my future, I found, to my surprise, that I was enjoying life in the present more than before. I began to make progress with my research,” he once said. Embarking (着手) on his career in earnest, he declared: “My goal is simple. It is a complete understanding of the universe, why it is as it is and why it exists at all.”

1.The following statements about Hawking is true EXCEPT________.

A. Hawking had three kids according to the passage.

B. Hawking’s intelligence and spirits influenced enormous people all over the world.

C. Hawking’s disease became worse quickly after being diagnosed.

D. Almost all his life was devoted to the exploration of the universe in spite of his severe disease.

2.What does the underlined word “diminish” most probably refer to?

A. Increase　　 B. Decrease　　 C. Gain　　 D. Disappear

3.Which of the following words can be used to describe Hawking?

A. Active and knowledgeable　　 B. Optimistic and determined

C. Thoughtful and hardworking　　 D. Diligent and kind

4.What was it that inspired Hawking to pursue his dream?

A. His courage and persistence with brilliance and humor.

B. His motor neuronal disease.

C. His insights into modern cosmology.

D. His being diagnosed with disease and seeing his friend die of leukaemia.

高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析

There's a great article in the New York Times this week about the tradition of buying a coffee for a stranger at the same time that you buy your own. They call it caffè sospeso, the name for "suspended (暂留的) coffee" in its birthplace. In some cafes, folks in need may claim a suspended coffee and drink it without cost.

No doubt the free coffee will be welcomed by people who love coffee but for one reason or another don't have the money to buy one. But I also like the opportunity it offers customers to become philanthropists (慈善家). Every time they order a coffee, they can give one to somebody in need.

This is a tradition that began some 100 years ago in Naples, Italy. In Naples, as reported by the Times, people love this kind of giving:

"To me, the philosophy of the suspended coffee is that you are happy today, and you give a coffee to the world, as a present." — Luigi Solito

"It's a simple act of generosity: an act in which donors and recipients (接受者) never meet each other. The donor doesn't show off and the recipient doesn't have to show gratitude." —Laura Cozzolino

"Coffee consumptions started earlier than the unification (统一) of Italy by more than 200 years, so the traditions around it are very ancient. In Naples, coffee is a world in itself, both culturally and socially." — Andrea Illy

The practice of buying suspended coffees has grown in popularity — with websites popping up and hundreds of cafes from Canada to Brazil to Hungary to the US offering the service.

1.Who are suspended coffees intended for?

A. Cafe goers.

B. People who can't afford a coffee.

B. Philanthropists.

D. Coffee lovers who live in Naples.

2.How can someone get a suspended coffee?

A. He can ask for one in any cafe.

B. He can apply for one on websites.

C. He can buy one in a cafe offering the service.

D. He can drink one in a cafe that has prepaid coffees.

3.What does Laura Cozzolino think of buying suspended coffees?

A. She thinks it is a great way of charity.

B. She thinks it is a cheap gift to strangers.

C. She thinks it is an ancient Italian custom.

D. She thinks it is spreading widely in the world.

4.The underlined words in Paragraph 1 are words of ______.

A. French　　　　　 B. Old English

C. Italian　　　　 D. American English

高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析

How to Avoid the Coronavirus? Wash Your Hands

As a New York Times correspondent in China, I _______ the SARS outbreak in 2002 and 2003 during which a _______ coronavirus was first detected in Guangdong. My two children attended _______ school in Beijing throughout the outbreak.

The International School of Beijing, where my children were _______ , was one of the few in the capital that stayed _______ throughout the SARS outbreak.

The school _______ a bunch of simple precautionary _______: a stern note to parents _______ them not to send a child to _______ who was sick and warning them that students would be ________ for fevers with ear thermometers(耳温枪/耳温计) at the school door. There was no ________ of food at lunch. The teacher led the kids in ________ hand washing throughout the day at classroom ________, while singing a prolonged “hand washing song” to ________ they did more than a cursory(马虎；草率) pass under the tap with water only.

With those precautions ________, I observed something of a public ________ miracle: Not only did no child get SARS, but it seemed no student was sick with anything at all for ________ on end.

The World Health Organization ________ the SARS outbreak contained in July 2003. But, oh, those ________ persisted. The best first-line defenses against SARS or the novel coronavirus or most any virus at all are the ones that Grandma and ________ taught us, after all.

1.A.witnessed B.covered C.interviewed D.experienced

2.A.new B.latest C.novel D.strange

3.A.middle B.high C.elementary D.kindergarten

4.A.patients B.partners C.classmates D.students

5.A.open B.close C.lock D.control

6.A.organized B.instituted C.founded D.arranged

7.A.laws B.policies C.agreements D.notices

8.A.urged B.persuading C.warning D.reminding

9.A.hospital B.park C.school D.clinic

10.A.screened B.measured C.estimated D.figured

11.A.sharing B.robbing C.eating D.throwing

12.A.always B.frequent C.occasion D.time

13.A.desks B.chairs C.pipes D.sinks

14.A.forced B.reminded C.ensure D.encouraged

15.A.in place B.in power C.in order D.in need

16.A.behavior B.health C.study D.life

17.A.months B.days C.years D.hours

18.A.told B.announced C.reported D.declared

19.A.hobbies B.interests C.habits D.characters

20.A.common ground B.common property C.in common D.common sense

高三英语完形填空困难题查看答案及解析

"Two weeks ago, I sat down and read the New York Times. I haven't done that in maybe thirty years. "says Howard Turman, OrCam user, in this CNN Techvideo. Turman, who is legally blind, started losing his vision when he was a child. The OrCam smart glasses for blind people do not fix his sight but they do "the next best thing". The Orcam uses OCR technology to read and relay the message to the user via a mini ear piece. Thanks to the device, Howard was able to enjoy the independence of reading the newspaper on his own.

Amnon Shashua, co-founder of OrCam, explains that reading text, recognizing faces and products is just the beginning with the Orcam. "Where we want to get is complete visual understanding at the level of human sense such that if you are disoriented you can start to understand what is around you."

OrCam has received many requests from people all over the world wanting the device in their language. Currently, the device works in English, Hebrew, German, French, and Spanish. The OrCam team is working very hard to add more languages and there are plans for new additions in the near future. Since the first device, new features have been added as well such as the pause feature allowing users to pause the reading whenever they would like.

Unlike other devices, the OrCam is portable. Turman says that the OrCam smart glasses for blind give him a sense of normalcy(常态) and he is very excited about them. "Picture a kid the first time he got his favorite toy, just the best thing that has happened to me in a long time, " says Turman. OrCam's goal is to make the device accessible to as many people as possible and help people who are visually impaired regain their independence.

1.What does OrCam help Howard Turman to do?

A.Find his way. B.Read newspapers.

C.Have his sight fixed. D.Hear what is happening around.

2.Which of the following best explains "disoriented" underlined in paragraph 2?

A.unconscious B.confused

C.lost D.determined

3.What can we infer from the third paragraph?

A.OrCam is in great demand.

B.OrCam can easily break down.

C.OrCam doesn't work well now.

D.OrCam fails in its use of languages.

4.What can be a suitable title for the text?

A.An Excited OrCam User.

B.Smart Glasses for the Blind.

C.Newspaper Reading for the Blind.

D.Help the Blind to Become Independent.

高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析

The New York Times _______ a wide circulation which was started in 1851.

A.is B.has

C.are D.have

高三英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析

The Swedish Academy has named Polish writer Olga Tokarczuk winner of the 2019 Nobel Prize for Literature. It also announced that it was honoring Austrian Peter Handke with the 2018 Nobel Prize for Literature. The Academy cancelled the prize last year after many members fled the organization following sexual abuse accusations linked to it.

The Academy said it awarded Tokarczuk for imaginative writing that “represents the crossing of boundaries as a form of life.”

The Polish writer’s first published work came in 1989, a book of poetry called Cities in Mirrors. Her first novel, The Journey of the Book-People, was published in 1993. Last year, Tokarczuk became the first Polish writer to win Britain’s Man Booker Prize for International Literature for her novel Flights. Her novel Drive Your Plow Over the Bones of the Dead, was on the short list of nominees for the 2019 prize as well. That prize went to another writer. Tokarczuk spoke Thursday with readers hours after she won the Nobel. “I can only write.” She said.

The Swedish Academy said it named Peter Handke winner of the 2018 prize for “influential work that with linguistic gift has explored the boundary and the specificity of human experience.” Handke’s first novel was published in 1966. He also writes plays and is a political organizer. The Austrian writer was an opponent(反对者) of NATO’s air attacks against Serbia in the Kosovo war of thelate1990s.He was a supporter of the Serbian government under the leadership of Slobodan Milosevic. He has denied that Bosnian Serb troops carried out a campaign killing of 8, 000 locals in Srebrenica during the Bosnian war in the 1990s. As a result, some critics are angry that he was given the Nobel Prize.

At home in Paris Thursday, Handke called the decision to give him the literature award “courageous.” He said the recognition gave him “a strange kind of freedom.”

1.Which of Tokarczuk’s works won Britain’s Man Booker Prize?

A.Cities in Mirrors. B.Flights.

C.The Journey of the Book-People D.Drive Your Plow Over the Bones of the Dead.

2.What does the underlined word “nominees” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?

A.A candidate to be selected to an office. B.A candidate seeking a kind of position.

C.A candidate chosen by a political party. D.A candidate being considered for an honor.

3.How does Peter Handke find the Nobel committee?

A.Fearless. B.Awesome. C.Strange. D.Embarrassed.

4.What’s the best title of the text?

A.Peter Handke from Austria Win 2018 Nobel Prize in Literature.

B.Olga Tokarczuk from Poland Win 2019 Nobel Prize in Literature.

C.Writers from Austria and Poland Win 2018, 2019 Nobel Prize in Literature.

D.Writers from Poland and Austria Win 2018, 2019 Nobel Prize in Literature.

高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析

The Nobel Prize Winners in Literature

Rabindranath Tagore( 1913)

Prize motivation: "because of his deep sensitive, fresh and beautiful poetry, with perfect skill, he has made his poetic thought, expressed in his own English words, a part of the literature of the West"

William Faulkner (1949)

Prize motivation: "for his powerful and artistically unique contribution to the modern American novel"

Ernest Miller Hemingway(1954)

Prize motivation: "for his mastery of the art of narrative, most recently demonstrated in The Old Man and the Sea"

John Steinbeck (1962)

Prize motivation: "for his realistic and imaginative writings, combining as they do sympathetic humour and keen social perception"

Sir Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill(1953)

Prize motivation: "for his mastery of historical and biographical description as well as for brilliant speech skills in defending noble human values"

Claude Simon (1985)

Prize motivation: "who in his novel combines the poet's and the painter's creativeness with a deepened awareness of time in the description of the human condition"

Mo Yan (2012)

Prize motivation: “he, with dreamlike realism, combines folk tales, history and the contemporary".

Bob Dylan (2016)

Prize motivation: "for having created new poetic expressions within the great American song tradition"

1.Which writer won Nobel Prize for his poetry?

A. William Faulkner.　　　　　　　　　 B. Bob Dylan.

C. Rabindranath Tagore.　　　　　　　 D. Claude Simon.

2.Which writer won Noble Prize for his specific work instead of his lifelong achievements?

A. Ernest Hemingway.　 　　　　　 B. John Steinbeck.

C. William Faulkner.　　　　　　 D. Winston Churchill.

3.Whose works will you turn to if you are interested in a song writing Nobel Prize winner?

A. Mo Yan’s.　　　　　　　　　 B. Bob Dylun’s.

C. Claude Simon’s. 　　　　 D. Rabindranath Tagore’s.

4.Who described real life experience in his historic works?

A. John Steinbeck.　 　　　　　　　 B. Mo Yan.

C. Ernest Hemingway. 　　　　　　 D. Winston Churchill.

高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析