Outdoor air pollution is an obvious danger because it’s hard to miss.Auto gases, industrial waste, city smog—everyone knows they’re a health hazard(危险) and a call for solutions is on everyone’s lips.But there’s another threat just as perilous— a hidden threat(威胁) we are usually unaware of.We’re speaking about the threat of indoor air pollution.
The dangers caused by indoor air pollution are too often underestimated(低估) and overlooked.According to a recent study, indoor air pollution can be many times higher than outdoor air pollution.A similar study by the Environmental Protection Agency shows that, in general, the air in our homes and offices is two to five times more polluted than outdoor air.
Scientific studies have found that indoor air pollution exacerbates(恶化) the symptoms of asthma(哮喘), and contributes to causing nausea(恶心), headaches and damage to the central nervous system.Evidence has even been found linking poor indoor air quality to certain cancers.Children who spend eighty percent of their time inside are particularly affected by indoor air pollution.
Cigarette smoke, chemical fertilizers(肥料), perfumes and clothing that has been dry-cleaned may contribute to indoor air pollution.Building materials—including paint and glue—are also contributors.
And homes aren’t the only indoor areas affected by this danger.Offices are affected too—sometimes more so—with their copy machines and printers, inks and processing solutions (显影液)and so on.
Fortunately there are many ways to reduce indoor air pollution and improve indoor air quality in your home and office.A major first step would be the use of an air purifier(净化器).
1.What does the underlined word “perilous” mean?
A.Nervous. B.Similar. C.Obvious. D.Dangerous.
2.The author mentions some studies in Paragraph 2 to show indoor air pollution__________.
A.is recently overestimated
B.is very common and serious
C.has drawn people’s attention
D.is linked to many serious diseases
3.Which of the following is the usual contributor of air pollution in our homes?
A.Smoking. B.Printing.
C.Copy machines.D.Processing solutions.
7.4.What would be discussed in the paragraph that follows?
A.An introduction to the air purifier.
B.Other dangers of indoor air pollution.
C.Other sources of indoor air pollution.
D.More solutions to the problem of air pollution.
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题
Outdoor air pollution is an obvious danger because it’s hard to miss.Auto gases, industrial waste, city smog—everyone knows they’re a health hazard(危险) and a call for solutions is on everyone’s lips.But there’s another threat just as perilous— a hidden threat(威胁) we are usually unaware of.We’re speaking about the threat of indoor air pollution.
The dangers caused by indoor air pollution are too often underestimated(低估) and overlooked.According to a recent study, indoor air pollution can be many times higher than outdoor air pollution.A similar study by the Environmental Protection Agency shows that, in general, the air in our homes and offices is two to five times more polluted than outdoor air.
Scientific studies have found that indoor air pollution exacerbates(恶化) the symptoms of asthma(哮喘), and contributes to causing nausea(恶心), headaches and damage to the central nervous system.Evidence has even been found linking poor indoor air quality to certain cancers.Children who spend eighty percent of their time inside are particularly affected by indoor air pollution.
Cigarette smoke, chemical fertilizers(肥料), perfumes and clothing that has been dry-cleaned may contribute to indoor air pollution.Building materials—including paint and glue—are also contributors.
And homes aren’t the only indoor areas affected by this danger.Offices are affected too—sometimes more so—with their copy machines and printers, inks and processing solutions (显影液)and so on.
Fortunately there are many ways to reduce indoor air pollution and improve indoor air quality in your home and office.A major first step would be the use of an air purifier(净化器).
1.What does the underlined word “perilous” mean?
A.Nervous. B.Similar. C.Obvious. D.Dangerous.
2.The author mentions some studies in Paragraph 2 to show indoor air pollution__________.
A.is recently overestimated
B.is very common and serious
C.has drawn people’s attention
D.is linked to many serious diseases
3.Which of the following is the usual contributor of air pollution in our homes?
A.Smoking. B.Printing.
C.Copy machines.D.Processing solutions.
7.4.What would be discussed in the paragraph that follows?
A.An introduction to the air purifier.
B.Other dangers of indoor air pollution.
C.Other sources of indoor air pollution.
D.More solutions to the problem of air pollution.
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
Air pollution is one of the hottest topics at present because poor air quality is an important factor in both the incidence and cause of respiratory(呼吸道) diseases.
Zhong Nanshan, a deputy to the NPC and a member of the CAE, said recently when the concentration of PM2.5 rises by 10 micrograms per cubic meter, hospitalization may rise by as much as 3.1 percent. Meanwhile, when the concentration of PM2.5 rises from 25 mgs per cubic meter to 200, the average daily death rate may rise to 11 percent.
Zhi Xiuyi, a leading expert in lung cancer treatment and also vice-president of the CATS, said medical authorities used to focus on tobacco control as a primary means of preventing lung cancer. "But in fact, air pollution is no less harmful than smoking and our research team released a report earlier this year showing that the cancer rate in Beijing is closely related to industrialization," he said.
The report, conducted by the Beijing Institute of Cancer Research, shows that the number of cancer patients in China has increased markedly during the past ten years. Chaoyang District, the city's main area of industrialization, has the highest incidence of cancer, almost double that of Yanqing, an area on the outskirts of the city. About four out of 1000 Chaoyang residents have some form of the disease, with lung cancer at the top of the list.
"The risk of having cancer largely depends on the length of exposure and the concentration of noxious gases(有毒气体的浓度)," said Zhi. In response to the doubt whether seven years' exposure to poor air quality will almost result in cancer, Zhi said the time scale was taken from research overseas that suggested the rate of incidence generally peaked in the seventh year of exposure to a heavily polluted environment.
1. What is the passage mainly about?
A. Medical researches on environment.
B. The disadvantages in big cities.
C. The only reason for the lung cancer.
D. Poor air quality contributing to lung cancer.
2.What can you conclude from the 3rd paragraph?
A. Compared with smoking, air pollution is more harmful.
B. Air pollution is as harmful as smoking.
C. It is very important to prevent people from smoking.
D. People realize the importance of keeping healthy.
3.If there were 3,000,000 people in Chaoyang District, how many would have respiratory diseases?
A. 16000 B. 12000 C. 8000 D. 7500
4.What can you infer from the passage?
A. Industrialization has its weakness as well as strengths.
B. The average death rate rises with different ages and places.
C. The air in Beijing is much more polluted than that in the other cities.
D. The more heavily-polluted air you breathe in, the sooner you’ll have cancer.
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
Once air pollution ________ in most cities, it is hard ________.
A. rises; dealing with B. arouses; to be dealt with
C. raises; dealt with D. arises; to deal with
高三英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析
Outdoor air pollution leads to more than 3 million premature deaths each year, and more than two thirds of them occur in China and India, according to new research. The authors estimate that without government intervention, the total number of deaths could double by 2050.
The study, published in the journal Nature, identifies particulate matter(悬浮微粒) as the prime pollutant leading to premature mortality. Particulate matter, a substance formed as a combination of different materials released into the air, is thought to be harmful to human health once it exceeds 2.5 micrometers in diameter. Researchers also identified ozone as a contributor to dangerous air quality.
The causes of air pollution vary dramatically from place to place. In India and China, the study says, emissions from residential heating and cooking drive air pollution by creating unhealthy quantities of smoke. Overall, residential heating emissions cause one third of air pollution-related deaths worldwide.
In highly regulated areas, like the United States, Europe and Japan, emissions from agriculture tend to be primary contributors to air pollution. Fertilizer used in agriculture releases ammonia into the atmosphere, a process that creates harmful particulate matter. Globally, air pollution from agriculture kills more than 600,000 people annually, the study finds.
The findings are consistent with a 2014 report from the World Health Organization that suggested that 7 million deaths occur annually due to both indoor and outdoor air pollution.
The study’s conclusions give a sense of urgency to efforts to reduce air pollution but present challenges because of difficulty regulating heating activity in people’s homes, according to study author Jos Lelieveld. People who live in the most affected areas should be provided with information about less toxic heating methods, he said.
“It’s important to reduce emissions from residential energy use,” Lelieveld said on a conference call for journalists. “You can’t ask people to stop eating and cooking, but you can provide better technologies.”
Air pollution contributes to a variety of ailments that eventually lead to premature mortality like lung cancer, stroke and heart failure, according to the study. Another study published this week in the journal Environmental Health Perspectives reached similar conclusions showing the devastating (毁灭性的) effects of pollution on individual health. Researchers found that chronic exposure to particulate matter increases the chance of early death by 3%. That risk is especially high for heart disease; the chance a person will die of heart disease increases by around 10% with chronic exposure to particulate matter.
Researchers found that the number of deaths is expected to double by 2050 without new government policies. Nearly all of the increase will occur in Asia, according to the report.
1.Which of the following contributes to the air pollution?
A. Particulate matter. B. Ozone.
C. Smoke D. Both A and B.
2.Which of the following is NOT true?
A. Residential heating emissions cause two thirds of air pollution-related deaths worldwide.
B. 7 million deaths occur annually due to air pollution.
C. Air pollution from agriculture kills more than 600,000 people annually.
D. The causes of air pollution vary dramatically from place to place.
3.What might air pollution lead to?
A. Lung cancer. B. Stroke.
C. Heart failure. D. All above.
4.What can be inferred from the article?
A. Residential energy use should be stopped.
B. Chronic exposure to particulate matter increases the chance of early death by 3%.
C. The number of deaths is expected to double by 2050 due to air pollution.
D. It is urgent for the government to take action.
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
Most people are aware that outdoor air pollution can damage their health，but many do not know that indoor air pollution can also have significant health effects.Environmental Protection Agency studies indicate that indoor levels of pollutants may be 3～5 times，and occasionally more than 100 times，higher than outdoor levels.These levels of indoor air pollutants may be of particular concern because most people spend about 90% of their time indoors.
There are many sources of indoor air pollution in any home.These include sources such as oil，gas，coal，wood，and tobacco products，building materials，wet or damp carpet，and furniture made of certain pressed wood products，products for household cleaning and maintenance，personal care，or hobbies，central heating and cooling systems.
Immediate effects may show up after a single exposure (暴露) or repeated exposures.These include irritation of the eyes，nose，and throat，headaches，dizziness.Such immediate effects are usually shortterm and treatable.Sometimes the treatment is simply removing the person’s exposure to the source of the pollution，if it can be identified.
The likelihood of immediate reactions to indoor air pollutants depends on several factors.Age and preexisting medical conditions are two important influences.In other cases，whether a person reacts to a pollutant depends on individual sensitivity，which varies tremendously from person to person.Some people can become sensitized to biological pollutants after repeated exposures，and it appears that some people can become sensitized to chemical pollutants as well.
Certain immediate effects are similar to those from colds or other viral (病毒性的) diseases，so it is often difficult to determine if the symptoms are a result of exposure to indoor air pollution.While pollutants commonly found in indoor air are responsible for many harmful effects，there is considerable uncertainty about what concentrations or periods of exposure are necessary to produce specific health problems.People also react very differently to exposure to indoor air pollutants.Therefore，further research is needed to better understand the effects of indoor air pollution and to find efficient ways to protect our health.
1.According to the first paragraph，which of the following is NOT true?
A．People often fail to notice indoor air pollution.
B．Indoor air pollution sometimes is more dangerous than outdoor air pollution.
C．Outdoor air pollution may not be so serious as indoor air pollution.
D．It is obvious that people have been paying more attention to indoor air pollution.
2.According to the author，which may NOT be the source of indoor air pollution?
A．Building materials. B．Wet carpet.
C．Cooling system. D．Refrigerators.
3. What does the underlined word “irritation” in the third paragraph probably mean?
A．Bad intention. B．Much sensitivity.
C．Injury. D．Carelessness.
4. Which of the following might be the best title for the passage?
A．Reactions of Pollution B．Danger from Home
C．Pollution Resources D．Different Pollutions
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
The air is deadly polluted because some factories don't ________ the rules to protect the environment.
A. appreciate B. regard
C. honor D. respect
高三英语单项填空简单题查看答案及解析
Because of air pollution being greatly reduced, this city is still ______.
| A．a good place which to be lived in | B．lived as a good place |
| C．a good place to live in | D．living in as a good place |
高三英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析
Vitamin B could help lessen the effects of the most dangerous type of air pollution，according to a new study published recently. In the first study of its kind，a team of international researchers looked at the damage caused by one of the pollutants that has the most severe impact on health: PM2.5.
Particulate matter，or PM，is a type of air pollutant consisting of small particles of different sizes. PM2.5 has a diameter of fewer than 2.5 micrometers，about 30 times smaller than a human hair. These particles are so small that they can go into our respiratory system (呼吸系统), resulting in lung and systemic inflammation (炎症) and stress.
The team found that something as simple as a daily vitamin B supplement could potentially reduce the impact of the tiny particles on the human body，although they stressed that the research was in its early stages and the sample size was small.
For this study，10 volunteers were initially exposed to clean air and given a placebo (安慰剂) to check their responses. The group then took another placebo for four weeks before being exposed to heavily polluted air from downtown Toronto，where an estimated 1，000 cars pass every hour. The bad air was delivered to the volunteers through an “oxygen－type” face mask. The experiment was then repeated，with each volunteer taking a vitamin B supplement daily made up of 2.5 mg of folic acid，50 mg of vitamin B6，and 1 mg of vitamin B12. B6 can be found in liver，chicken and nuts，and B12 in fish，meat，eggs，milk and some cereals.
The researchers found that four weeks of vitamin B supplements reduced the damage of PM2.5 exposure by 28%－76%. The results highlight how prevention at an individual level could be used to fight the harmful effects of PM2.5.
1.Why is PM2.5 harmful to our health?
A.It pollutes and poisons the air. B.It is too much to be got rid of.
C.It carries viruses and diseases. D.It is easily breathed in and damages our body.
2.What can we infer from Paragraph 3?
A.The process of the research was not scientific.
B.This kind of research has been done many times.
C.Further studies are needed to confirm their findings.
D.Vitamin B is hard to obtain in people’s daily life.
3.What is the text mainly about?
A.International researchers have a new finding.
B.Vitamin B could reduce the damage of PM2.5.
C.Particulate matter does great harm to our health.
D.Emission control and regulation are badly needed.
4.The new study was probably published ________.
A.in a science journal B.on a government website
C.in a fashion magazine D.in a medical textbook
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
Vitamin B could help reduce the effects of the dangerous type of air pollution, according to a new study published on Monday. In the first study of its kind, a team of international researchers looked into the damage caused by one of the pollutants that have the severest impact on health—PM2.5.
They found that Vitamin B supplement could effectively reduce the impact of the tiny particles （颗粒）on the human body, although they stressed that the research was in its early stages. According to the WHO, 92% of the world's people are living in places where the PM2.5 level goes beyond the recommended level. So it’s urgent to find a solution to the problem.
According to this study, published in the PNAS, 10 volunteers were initially exposed to clean air and given a placebo (安慰剂）to check their baseline responses. The group then kept on taking placebos tor tour weeks before being exposed to heavily polluted air from downtown Toronto, where an estimated 1,000 cars passed every hour. The bad air was delivered to the volunteers through an "oxygen type" face mask. The experiment was then repeated, with each volunteer taking a Vitamin B supplement daily, made up of 2.5mg of folic acid, 50mg of Vitamin B6, and l mg of Vitamin B12.
Vitamin B6 can be found in liver, chicken, nuts and other things, and Vitamin B12 in fish, meat, eggs, milk and some cereals. The researchers found that four weeks of Vitamin B supplements — the damage of PM2.5 effects by 28-76%. The results emphasized how prevention at an individual level could be used to fight against the damage of PM2.5, the researchers said.
1.What's the newly discovered effect of Vitamin B in Paragraph 1?
A. It can be used to replace other vitamins in our daily life.
B. It can help lower the air pollution level in the open air.
C. It can reduce the impact of PM2.5 on human bodies.
D. It can get rid of the pollutants remaining in our body.
2.What can be learned from the second paragraph?
A. Further study about the effect of Vitamin B needs to be done.
B. Vitamin B is the most important to human's health.
C. The tiny particles in the air are made up of PM2.5.
D. 92% of the world's people are affected by PM2.5.
3.How did researchers draw the new conclusion about Vitamin B?
A. By referring to a journal. B. By performing experiments.
C. By interviewing scientists. D. By comparing vitamins.
4.You may read the passage on a website about .
A. environment B. medicine
C. education D. health
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
Ways to Host an Eco-Friendly Cookout
Eating in the open air may feel eco-friendly, but outdoor dining can result in unnecessary waste if you aren’t careful. 1.. If you keep that in mind throughout your preparations, you’ll be off to a good start.
Reduce, Reuse, Recycle
Skip the paper invitations and use online services like Email, or Facebook events.2.. This way you’ll avoid ending up with five different potato salads that go uneaten. Make it easy for guests to sort garbage by positioning different trashcans in a central location: one for kitchen garbage, one for recyclables, and one for non-recyclables.
Stop Using Plastic
Plastic is a leading cause of litter and isn’t easy to recycle. To make sure your cookout eco-friendly, consider some other options for making your cookout stand out. Use recycled jars as glasses. They’re also far less breakable than regular glasses.3. If guests know which glass is theirs, they don’t need to reach for another one, which cuts down on the cleanup you’ll be doing.
4.
Wherever possible, shop for local produce and goods to serve your guests. This will reduce your carbon footprint and help support your local economy. Buy produce and meats at your local farmers’ market. Look for organic, but favor local over organic if you have to make a choice.
Use Renewable Light Sources
5. As the sun goes down, illuminate your party space with LED lighting and solar- powered decorations. Invest in some citronella (香茅精油) candles and torches to help drive away insects naturally.
A. Support Global Economy
B. Think Globally, Shop Locally
C. Ask guests to bring glasses of their own
D. Keep track of what everyone is bringing ahead of time
E. Save on energy by hosting your party during the daylight hours
F. One of the keys to being green is to reduce waste wherever possible
G. Put up some labels to the jars so people can write their names on them
高三英语七选五中等难度题查看答案及解析