A new study suggests a link between exposure ...

A new study suggests a link between exposure to greenery and reduced desires for alcohol. cigarette and junk food.

The study is the first to investigate the possible relationships between exposure to nature and desires and negative emotions. Researchers at the University of Plymouth’s School of Psychology surveyed 149 respondents (应答者) aged 21 o 65 about the proportion( 比例 )of green space in their neighborhood, the presence of green views from their home, their access to a garden and how often they use public green space. The study also asked questions about experiences with depression and anxiety, as well as desires for things like caffeine, alcohol and nicotine. Participants rated the intensity( 强度), imagery, and intrusiveness(侵扰性) of their desires on an 11-point scale.

Researchers found the presence of visible green space contributed to decreased desires for junk food. The effect was particularly noticeable when more than 25 percent of a respondent’s view was greenery.

Previous scholarship(学术研究) has dealt mostly with exercise in nature: A 2015 study out of the University of Michigan found 90- minute group nature walks were effective at combatting depression and relieving other mood disorders. But for people who struggle with accessibility or don’t have time for a 90-minute walk, this new study suggests just looking out a window at a tree can help fight off a bad habit.

“It has been known for some time that being outdoors in nature is linked to a person's well-being, ” lead author Leanne Martin said in a statement. “ But for there to be a similar association with desires from simply being able to see green space adds a new dimension to the previous research.”

A 2018 study from Denmark’s Aarhus University. for example, found that. Having access to green space throughout childhood decreased a person’s risk of developing mental health problems as an adult.

1.What does the second paragraph mainly talk about?

A.The results of the new study. B.The purpose of the new study.

C.The significance of the new study. D.The content of the new study.

2.What does the underlined word “combatting” in paragraph 4 probably mean?

A.Reducing. B.Developing. C.Understanding. D.Encouraging

3.According to the passage,the new study _____.

A.mainly referred to exercise in nature

B.has enriched the previous research to some degree

C.was carried out by the University of Michigan

D.found exposure to greenery helped cure mental problems

4.In which section of a newspaper may this passage appear?

A.Entertainment B.Business World

C.Tech &Science D.Environment

高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析

Is there link between humans and climate change or not?This question was first studied in the early 1900s.Since then,many scientists have thought that our actions do make a difference.In 1997,the Kyoto Protocol explained our role in the Earth's changing atmosphere and set international limits for gas emissions from 2008 to 2012.Some countries have decided to continue these reductions until 2020.More recently,the Paris Agreement,struck by nearly 200 countries,also aims to limit global warming.But just now how much warmer it will get depends on how deeply countries cut carbon emissions.

This is how much temperatures would rise by 2100 even if nations live up to the initial Paris promises to reduce carbon emissions;this rise could still put coastal cities under water and drive over half of all species to extinction.

To meet this minimum goal,the Agreement requires countries to tighten emissions targets every five years.Even this increase could sink some islands,worsen drought and drive a decline of up to a third in the number of species.

This is the most ambitious goal for temperature rise set by the Paris Agreement,after a push by low-lying island nations like Kiribati,which say limiting temperature rise to 1.5℃ could save them from sinking.

This is how much temperatures have risen since the industrial age began,putting us 40% of the way to the 2℃ point.

The baseline here is average global temperature before the start of the industrial age.

1.It can be concluded from paragraph 1 that　　　　 .

A. gas emissions have been effectively reduced in developed countries

B. humans have made continuous efforts to slow down global warming

C. the problem of global warming will have been quite solved by 2020

D. the Paris Agreement is more influential than the Kyoto Protocol

2.If nations could only keep the initial promises of the Paris Agreement,what would happen by the year 2100?

A. The human population would increase by one third.

B. Little over 50 % of all species would still exist.

C. Nations would not need to tighten their emissions targets.

D. The Agreement’s minimum goal would not be reached.

3.If those island nations not far above sea level are to survive,the maximum temperature rise,since the start of the industrial age,should be　　　　　　 .

A. 0.8℃　　 B. 1.5℃　　 C. 2℃　　 D. 3.5℃

高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析

Is there link between humans and climate change or not? This question was first studied in the early 1900s. Since then, many scientists have thought that our actions do make a difference. In 1997, the Kyoto Protocol explained our role in the Earth’s changing atmosphere and set international limits for gas emissions(排放) from 2008 to 2012. Some countries have decided to continue these reductions until 2020. More recently, the Paris Agreement, stuck by nearly 200 countries, also aims to limit global warming. But just now how much warmer it will get depends on how deeply countries cut carbon emissions.

3.5℃

This is how much temperatures would rise by 2100 even if nations live up to the initial Paris promises to reduce carbon emissions; this rise could still put coastal cities under water and drive over half of all species to extinction.

2℃

To meet this minimum goal, the Agreement requires countries to tighten emissions targets every five years. Even this increase could sink some islands, worse drought(干旱) and drive a decline of up to a third in the number of species.

1.5℃

This is the most ambitious goal for temperature rise set by the Paris Agreement, after a push by low-lying island nations like Kiribati, which say limiting temperature rise to 1.5℃ could save them from sinking.

0.8℃

This is how much temperatures have risen since the industrial age began, putting us 40% of the way to the 2℃ point.

0℃

The baseline here is average global temperature before the start of the industrial age.

1.It can be concluded from paragraph 1 that _______.

A. the problem of global warming will have been quite solved by 2020

B. gas emissions have been effectively reduced in developed countries

C. the Paris Agreements is more influential than the Kyoto Protocol

D. humans have made continuous efforts to slow down global warming

2.If nations could only keep the initial promises of the Paris Agreement, what would happen by the year 2100?

A. The human population would increase by one third.

B. Little over 50% of all species would still exist.

C. Nations would not need to tighten their emissions targets.

D. The Agreement’s minimum goal would not be reached.

3.If those island nations not far above sea level are to survive, the maximum temperature rise, since the start of the industrial age, should be _______.

A. 0.8℃            B. 1.5℃            C. 2℃            D. 3.5℃

高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析

Is there link between humans and climate change or not? This question was first studied in the early 1900s. Since then, many scientists have thought that our actions do make a difference. In 1997, the Kyoto Protocol explained our role in the Earth’s changing atmosphere and set international limits for gas emissions(排放) from 2008 to 2012. Some countries have decided to continue these reductions until 2020. More recently, the Paris Agreement, stuck by nearly 200 countries, also aims to limit global warming. But just now how much warmer it will get depends on how deeply countries cut carbon emissions.

1.It can be concluded from paragraph 1 that ________.

A. the problem of global warming will have been quite solved by 2020

B. gas emissions have been effectively reduced in developed countries

C. the Paris Agreements is more influential than the Kyoto Protocol

D. humans have made continuous efforts to slow down global warming

2.If nations could only keep the initial promises of the Paris Agreement, what would happen by the year 2100?

A. The human population would increase by one third.

B. Little over 50% of all species would still exist.

C. Nations would not need to tighten their emissions targets.

D. The Agreement’s minimum goal would not be reached.

3.If those island nations not far above sea level are to survive, the maximum temperature rise, since the start of the industrial age, should be_______.

A. 0.8℃            B. 1.5℃            C. 2℃            D. 3.5℃

高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析

阅读理解。

Is there link between humans and climate change or not? This question was first studied in the early 1900s. Since then, many scientists have thought that our actions do make a difference. In 1997, the Kyoto Protocol explained our role in the Earth’s changing atmosphere and set international limits for gas emissions(排放) from 2008 to 2012. Some countries have decided to continue these reductions until 2020. More recently, the Paris Agreement, stuck by nearly 200 countries, also aims to limit global warming. But just now how much warmer it will get depends on how deeply countries cut carbon emissions.

1. It can be concluded from paragraph 1 that _______.

A. the problem of global warming will have been quite solved by 2020

B. gas emissions have been effectively reduced in developed countries

C. the Paris Agreements is more influential than the Kyoto Protocol

D. humans have made continuous efforts to slow down global warming

2. If nations could only keep the initial promises of the Paris Agreement, what would happen by the year 2100?

A. The human population would increase by one third.

B. Little over 50% of all species would still exist.

C. Nations would not need to tighten their emissions targets.

D. The Agreement’s minimum goal would not be reached.

3. If those island nations not far above sea level are to survive, the maximum temperature rise, since the start of the industrial age, should be_______.

A. 0.8℃　　 　　 B. 1.5℃

C. 2℃　　　 　　 D. 3.5℃

高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析

The largest-ever study of the link between city walkability and high blood pressure has been held up as evidence of the “invisible value of urban design” in improving long-term health outcomes, say researchers.

The study of around 430,000 people aged between 38 and 73 and living in 22 UK cities found significant associations between the increased walkability of a neighborhood, lower blood pressure and reduced risk of high blood pressure among its residents.

The outcomes remained consistent even after adjustments for socio-demographic (社会人口统计学), lifestyle and changing physical environment factors, though the protective effects were particularly pronounced among participants aged between 50 and 60, women, and those residing in higher density and poor neighborhoods.

The paper was published in the International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health this week. With high blood pressure a major risk factor for chronic (慢性的) and particularly heart diseases, researchers at the University of Hong Kong and Oxford University said the findings demonstrated the need to take notice of the health-influencing factor in urban design.

“With the increasing pace of urbanization and demographic shifts towards an ageing population, we become more likely to suffer from chronic diseases,” said Dr. Chinmoy Sarkar, an assistant professor at the Healthy High Density Cities Lab of the University of Hong Kong and lead author of the study. “The action taken to improve public health must consider the invisible value of urban planning and design.

“We are spending billions of pounds in preventing and curing heart diseases — if we are able to invest in creating healthy cities through small changes in the design of our neighborhoods to make them more activity-friendly and walkable, then probably, we will have significant savings in future healthcare expenses.”

To measure a neighborhood’s activity-promoting potential, researchers developed a set of index of walkability containing relevant urban elements, including residential and retail (零售) density, public transport, street-level movement, and distance to attractive destinations.

Poorly designed spaces generally reduced walking and physical activity, promoting the lifestyles of long time sitting down and not moving; and were harmful to social interactions, and as such associated with poorer mental and physical health.

Because walkability was “based on the underlying design of the city”, said Sarkar, cities could be modified or designed to encourage it. “Such investments in healthy design are likely to bring in long-term gains as they are enduring and common.”

1.By considering “invisible value of urban design”, people can _______.

A.reduce the ageing population

B.slow down the pace of urbanization

C.promote activity-friendly and walkable cities

D.invest in preventing and curing heart diseases

2.What can be inferred from the passage?

A.A set of index is essential to ensure that urban design promotes walkability.

B.Walkable cities can lower blood pressure and the risk of high blood pressure.

C.Chronic diseases are becoming common due to people’s neglect of their health.

D.Middle-aged women living in poor areas are less likely to benefit from increased walkability.

3.All of the following are the undesirable consequences of poorly-designed neighborhoods EXCEPT _______.

A.failing health B.unhealthy lifestyle

C.fewer social interactions D.fewer neighborhoods

4.According to Dr. Chinmoy Sarkar, _______.

A.cities should encourage the residents to engage in social interactions

B.the design of our neighborhoods should meet people’s needs for retail density

C.money invested in creating healthy cities is money saved in future healthcare expenses

D.chronic diseases will be common because of our lifestyle and the physical environment

高三英语阅读理解困难题查看答案及解析

The largest-ever study of the link between city walkability and high blood pressure has been held up as evidence of the “invisible value of urban design” in improving long-term health outcomes, say researchers.

The study of around 430,000 people aged between 38 and 73 and living in 22 UK cities found significant associations between the increased walkability of a neighborhood, lower blood pressure and reduced risk of high blood pressure among its residents.

The outcomes remained consistent even after adjustments for socio-demographic (社会人口统计学), lifestyle and changing physical environment factors, though the protective effects were particularly pronounced among participants aged between 50 and 60, women, and those residing in higher density and poor neighborhoods.

The paper was published in the International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health this week. With high blood pressure a major risk factor for chronic (慢性的) and particularly heart diseases, researchers at the University of Hong Kong and Oxford University said the findings demonstrated the need to take notice of the health-influencing factor in urban design.

“With the increasing pace of urbanization and demographic shifts towards an ageing population, we become more likely to suffer from chronic diseases,” said Dr. Chinmoy Sarkar, an assistant professor at the Healthy High Density Cities Lab of the University of Hong Kong and lead author of the study. “The action taken to improve public health must consider the invisible value of urban planning and design.

“We are spending billions of pounds in preventing and curing heart diseases — if we are able to invest in creating healthy cities through small changes in the design of our neighborhoods to make them more activity-friendly and walkable, then probably, we will have significant savings in future healthcare expenses.”

To measure a neighborhood’s activity-promoting potential, researchers developed a set of index(指标) of walkability containing relevant urban elements, including residential and retail (零售) density, public transport, street-level movement, and distance to attractive destinations.

Poorly designed spaces generally reduced walking and physical activity, promoting the lifestyles of long time sitting down and not moving; and were harmful to social interactions, and as such associated with poorer mental and physical health.

Because walkability was “based on the underlying design of the city”, said Sarkar, cities could be modified or designed to encourage it. “Such investments in healthy design are likely to bring in long-term gains as they are enduring and common.”

1.By considering “invisible value of urban design”, people can _______.

A. reduce the ageing population

B. promote activity-friendly and walkable cities

C. invest in preventing and curing heart diseases

D. slow down the pace of urbanization

2.What can be inferred from the passage?

A. A set of index is essential to ensure that urban design promotes walkability.

B. Walkable cities will cure a person of his or her high blood pressure.

C. Chronic diseases are becoming common due to people’s neglect of their health.

D. Middle-aged women living in poor areas are more likely to benefit from increased walkability.

3.All of the following are the undesirable consequences of poorly-designed neighborhoods EXCEPT _______.

A. fewer neighborhoods　　 B. unhealthy lifestyle

C. fewer social interactions　　 D. failing health

4.According to Dr. Chinmoy Sarkar, _______.

A. cities should encourage the residents to engage in social interactions

B. the design of our neighborhoods should meet people’s needs for retail density

C. money invested in creating healthy cities is money saved in future healthcare expenses

D. chronic diseases will be common because of pollution and the environment change

高三英语阅读理解困难题查看答案及解析

（B）

Is there link between humans and climate change or not? This question was first studied in the early 1900s. Since then, many scientists have thought that our actions do make a difference. In 1997, the Kyoto Protocol explained our role in the Earth’s changing atmosphere and set international limits for gas emissions(排放) from 2008 to 2012. Some countries have decided to continue these reductions until 2020. More recently, the Paris Agreement, stuck by nearly 200 countries, also aims to limit global warming. But just now how much warmer it will get depends on how deeply countries cut carbon emissions.

1. It can be concluded from paragraph 1 that _______.

A. the problem of global warming will have been quite solved by 2020

B. gas emissions have been effectively reduced in developed countries

C. the Paris Agreements is more influential than the Kyoto Protocol

D. humans have made continuous efforts to slow down global warming

2. If nations could only keep the initial promises of the Paris Agreement, what would happen by the year 2100?

A. The human population would increase by one third.

B. Little over 50% of all species would still exist.

C. Nations would not need to tighten their emissions targets.

D. The Agreement’s minimum goal would not be reached.

3. If those island nations not far above sea level are to survive, the maximum temperature rise, since the start of the industrial age, should be_______.

A. 0.8℃　　 B. 1.5℃

C. 2℃　　　　 D. 3.5℃

高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析

A large﹣scale study has found a link between eating a diet based on organic food and having a reduced risk of cancer． If the new results are confirmed， promoting organic food consumption could be a promising preventative strategy against the disease， a team of researchers from several French institutions said．

Among the environmental risks for cancer， there are growing concerns about exposure to different types of pesticides（杀虫剂） from farming． The impact of such chemicals on the human body is still not well understood but there are some indications that harmful effects can occur even at low concentrations．

Meanwhile， pushed by environmental and health concerns， the organic food market continues to grow rap﹣idly． Organic food is produced without the use of synthetic（合成的） fertilizers， pesticides， genetically modified organisms， and the use of veterinary（兽医的） medications．

"Organic foods are less likely to contain pesticide remains than conventional foods， and studies have shown that an organic diet reduces exposure to certain pesticide，" Julia Baudry， lead author of the study from the Centre of Research in Epidemiology and Statistics in France， told Newsweek．

"In the general population， the primary route of exposure is diet， especially intake of conventionally grown fruits and vegetables． However， few studies have examined the association of organic food consumption with cancer risk． "

For the study， published in the journal JAMA Internal Medicine， a team of researchers examined data on the organic food consumption frequency and dietary intake of 68，946 French adults collected by an ongoing survey which began in 2009． They then followed up on these people at various points in the future．

Participants reported how often （never， occasionally or most of the time） they consumed 16 types of organic foods including fruits， vegetables， soy﹣based products， dairy products， meat and fish， eggs， grains and legumes， bread and cereals， flour， vegetable oils and condiments， ready﹣to﹣eat meals， coffee， tea， and herbal tea， wine， biscuits， chocolate， sugar and so on．

1.What is the finding of the study？

A. Promoting organic food consumption may help to prevent diseases．

B. Processed food consumption may lead to an increased risk of cancer．

C. Organic food consumption can help cure cancer in a short time．

D. Eating a diet based on organic food may lead to the risk of cancer．

2.Why is organic food becoming popular nowadays？

A. Because organic food market continues to grow rapidly．

B. Because people care about environment and health issues．

C. Because organic food never contains harmful chemicals．

D. Because organic food is produced in a clean environment．

3.Which of the following is the advantage of organic food？

A. Organic food never contains harmful pesticide remains．

B. Organic food is less likely to be exposed to some pesticides．

C. Different types of pesticides won't affect organic food．

D. Organic food won't be influenced by outside environment．

4.What might the article go on describing after the last paragraph？

A. The researching process of the study．

B. The disadvantages of organic food

C. The current consumption of organic food．

D. The bright future of organic food．

高三英语阅读理解困难题查看答案及解析

Study Links Video Game Use to Problems in School

A new study warns that too much time spent playing computer games could affect a child’s performance at school. 1. They show that too many hours spent playing games can reduce students changes of success in school.

More than 600 teenagers between the ages of 14 and 16 took part in research project.2. It is said to be the first ever long-term study of information technology on school test results in Northern Ireland.

The study found that teenagers who played computer games less than once a week were more successful in school than those who played them twice a day or more. 41% of the students who used gaming devices two or more times a day received passing grades on school exams.3..

The study found that social media use did not affect school performance. Celine McStravick is the director of the National Children’s Bureau Northern Ireland (NCBNI). She says “4.— I think that’s more because social media is part of every child’s life. It’s the way they communicate. It’s the way they keep in touch with their friends.”

Many parents say their children are becoming increasingly dependent on computer games. Some have compared gaming to a drug addiction.5. It suggested that computer games can cause children to stay awake late at night. Less sleep makes children tired and unable to pay attention in school the next day.

A. However, the study did not explore addiction.

B. The new games are much different from older ones.

C. The study showed no connection between social media and test results.

D. It took place over a period of three years from 2013 to 2015.

E. Thai compared with 77% of those who rarely played the games.

F. Drug addiction does great harm to their health and performance at school.

G. Britain’s National Children’s Bureau Northern Ireland reported the results of the study.

高三英语七选五中等难度题查看答案及解析