Recent findings have shown that our appetite ...

Recent findings have shown that our appetite and food intake are influenced by a large number of factors besides our biological need for energy, including our eating environment and our perception(感知) of the food in front of us. A new study suggested that our short-term memory may also play a role in appetite. Several hours after a meal, people’s hunger levels were predicted not by how much they’d eaten but rather by how much food they’d seen in front of them—in other words, how much they remembered eating.

This difference suggests the memory of our previous meal may have a bigger influence on our appetite than the actual size of the meal, says Jeffrey M. Brunstrom, a professor of experimental psychology at the University of Bristol.

“Hunger isn’t controlled merely by the physical characteristics of a recent meal. We have identified an independent role for memory for that meal.” Brunstrom says. “This shows that the relationship between hunger and food intake is more complex than we thought.”

These findings echo earlier research that suggests our perception of food can sometimes trick our body’s response to the food itself. In a 2016 study, for instance, people who drank the same 380 calorie milkshake on two separate occasions produced different levels of hunger-related hormones(荷尔蒙), depending on whether the shake’s label said it contained 620 or 140 calories. Moreover, the participants reported feeling more fill when they thought they’d consumed a higher-caloric shake.

1.What affects our appetite according to the new study?

A.How much we remember eating.

B.What time we eat our last meal.

C.How much we eat our last meal.

D.What ingredients the food contains.

2.The underlined word “echo” in the last paragraph can be best replaced by ________.

A.indicate B.reflect

C.are supported by D.are improved by

3.What is the main idea of the text?

A.Good eating habits contribute to our health.

B.Eating speed often affects our food digestion.

C.Psychological factors influence our hunger levels.

D.Our biological need for energy determines our food intake.

高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析

In recent years, a growing body of research has shown that our appetite and food intake are influenced by a large number of factors besides our biological need for energy, including our eating environment and our perception（感知） of the food in front of us.

Studies have shown, for instance, that eating in front of the TV (or a similar distraction) can increase both hunger and the amount of food consumed. Even simple visual clues, like plate size and lighting, have been shown to affect portion size and consumption.

A new study suggested that our short-term memory also may play a role in appetite. Several hours after a meal, people's hunger levels were predicted not by how much they’d eaten but rather by how much food they'd seen in front of them—in other words, how much they remembered eating.

This disparity (新旧研究的差异）suggests the memory of our previous meal may have a bigger influence on our appetite than the actual size of the meal, says Jeffrey M. Brunstrom, a professor of experimental psychology at the University of Bristol.

"Hunger isn't controlled individually by the physical characteristics of a recent meal. We have identified an independent role for memory for that meal，" Brunstrom says. "This shows that the relationship between hunger and food intake is more complex than we thought."

These findings echo earlier research that suggests our perception of food can sometimes trick our body’s response to the food itself. In a 2011 study, for instance, people who drank the same 380-calorie milkshake on two separate occasions produced different levels of hunger-related hormones （荷尔蒙），depending on whether the shake’s label said it contained 620 or 140 calories. Moreover, the participants reported feeling more full when they thought they'd consumed a higher-calorie shake.

What does this mean for our eating habits? Although it hardly seems practical to trick ourselves into eating less, the new findings do highlight the benefits of focusing on our food and avoiding TV and multitasking while eating.

The so-called mindful-eating strategies can fight distractions and help us control our appetite, Brunstrom says.

1.What is said to be a factor affecting our appetite and food intake?

A. How we feel the food we eat.

B. When we eat our meals.

C. What element the food contains.

D. How fast we eat our meals.

2.What would happen at meal time if you remembered eating a lot in the previous meal?

A. You would probably be more particular about food.

B. You would not feel like eating the same food.

C. You would have a good appetite.

D. You would not feel so hungry.

3.What do we learn from the 2011 study?

A. Food labels may mislead consumers in their purchases.

B. Food labels may influence our body’s response to food.

C. Hunger levels depend on one's consumption of calories.

D. People tend to take in a lot more calories than necessary.

4.What does Brunstrom suggest we do to control our appetite?

A. Trick ourselves into eating less.

B. Choose food with fewer calories.

C. Concentrate on food while eating.

D. Pick dishes of the right size.

5.What is the main idea of the passage?

A. Eating distractions often affect our food digestion.

B. Psychological factors influence our hunger levels.

C. Our food intake is determined by our biological needs.

D. Good eating habits will contribute to our health.

高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析

The findings come ___36___ a study of nearly 1,000 US people that looked at diet, calorie intake and body mass index (BMI) - a measure of obesity.___37___ is found that those who ate chocolate a few times a week were, on ___38___, slimmer than those ___39___ ate it occasionally. Even though chocolate is loaded with calories, it contains ingredients（材料）that may favour weight loss ___40___ than fat synthesis, scientists believe.___41___ boosting calorie intake, regular chocolate consumption was related to lower BMI in the study, ___42___ is published in Archives of Internal Medicine. The link remained even when other factors, like how ___43___ exercise individuals did, were taken into ___44___.And it appears it is how often you eat chocolate that is important, rather than how much of it you eat. The ___45___ found no link with quantity consumed.

___46___ to the researchers, there is only one chance in a hundred that their findings could be explained by chance alone. Lead author Dr Beatrice Golomb, from the University of California at San Diego, said: "Our findings appear to add to a body of information suggesting that the composition of calories, not just the number of them, matters for determining their ultimate impact on weight."This is not the first time scientists ___47___ that chocolate may be healthy for us. Other studies have claimed chocolate may be good for the heart. Consumption of certain types of chocolate has been linked to some favourable changes in blood pressure, insulin（胰岛素）sensitivity and cholesterol（胆固醇）level. And chocolate, ___48___ dark chocolate, does contain antioxidants（抗氧化剂）which can help to mop up harmful free radicals - unstable chemicals that can damage our cells.

Dr Golomb and her team believe that antioxidant compounds, called catechins（儿茶素）, can improve lean muscle mass and reduce weight  ___49___ studies in rodents would suggest this might be so. Mice ___50___ for 15 days with epicatechin (present in dark chocolate) had improved exercise performance and observable changes to their muscle composition.They say clinical trials are now needed in humans to see ___51___ this is the case.

But before you reach ___52___ a chocolate bar, there are still lots of unanswered questions. And in the absence of conclusive evidence, experts advise caution.While there's no harm in allowing yourself a treat like ___53___ now and again, eating too much might be harmful because it often ___54___ a lot of sugar and fat too.And if you are looking to change your diet, you are ___55___ to benefit most from eating more fresh fruits and vegetables.

高三英语完型填空困难题查看答案及解析

Recent studies have shown that most US graduates receive cash as gifts, though the amount received ______ from person to person．

A．prefers        B．promotes            C．varies                 D．suffers

高三英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析

It is shown that men have ________ as women do on average while driving according to recent statistics.

A. twice as many serious accidents

B. serious accidents as twice many

C. twice serious accidents as many

D. serious accidents as many twice

高三英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析

It is shown that men have ________ as women do on average while driving according to recent statistics.

A. twice as many serious accidents

B. serious accidents as twice many

C. twice serious accidents as many

D. serious accidents as many twice

高三英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析

根据下面句子中的汉语提示写出单词的正确形式。

1.Research findings have shown that about 20 percent of people only 10 percent can be __________(分类) as “early birds”.

2.The company never __________(妥协) on the quality of its products.

3.It was this exploring around problems and his __________(充满活力的) spirit that led to his most famous invention—the telephone in 1876.

4.The __________(标准) are so strict that it is difficult to get new ideas accepted unless they are truly novel.

5.The __________(最初的) requirement is that you need perfect DNA which gives information for how cells are to grow.

高三英语单词拼写中等难度题查看答案及解析

As a nation we are becoming more aware of the food we and our children are eating.The recent campaign to improve school dinners by celebrity(名人) chef Jamie Oliver has helped raise awareness of our fast food lifestyles.While we may be trying to eat more healthily，it seems we still have some bad habits.

•Healthy eaters or just trendy?

Are there certain things that you do and don’t eat and why？With so many food programmes and books telling you what you should and shouldn’t eat to be healthy，it’s hard to make choices.

Some people are vegetarians for moral reasons，some don’t like the taste of meat and there are one or two people who do it because it’s trendy.Likewise，it can be trendy to follow the latest celebrity’s diet because it’s what the famous are doing.

•Eating out

People are eating out more often now，not just on special occasions as in the past.The choice of restaurants has also diversified.Italian，Chinese and Indian restaurants have been around for years but have now been joined by Mongolian，Japanese，Mexican and so on.Bars and pubs are still popular for food and often promote English cuisine made with local produce.

“We enjoy eating out a couple of times every month whether with friends or just as a couple.We like trying new things so we go to different restaurants.” said Craig,25，County Durham.

•Eating on the go

From chocolate bars to sandwiches more people are eating on the go—on the street，in cars or on buses and trains.While our parents and grandparents may frown at this behaviour，considering it to be bad manners，people eat on the go because they are rushing from one place to another.And in the home the number of people sitting down at a dining table for their evening meal is on the decrease as meal times become more informal.

“If I’m running late for work I don’t think twice about eating toast in the car or on the bus but I know my mum wouldn’t approve，” said Stacey,24.

1.What can we infer from the text?

A．Our parents think highly of the eating habits mentioned in the text.

B．We should get rid of the bad habits and try to be healthier.

C．Japanese restaurants have been around for years.

D．It’s good for people to eat out more frequently.

2.People find it difficult to decide what to eat to keep healthy because ________.

A．different programmes and books have different ideas about healthy eating

B．there are many celebrities having different diet styles

C．what the famous are doing is different from ours

D．they have some bad eating habits

3.The underlined word “diversified” in Paragraph 4 probably means “________”．

A．made a great change

B．made a big difference

C．had a rapid increase

D．had a wide variety

4.Craig often goes to different restaurants because ________.

A．he likes trying new things

B．he follows the latest celebrity diet

C．he enjoys the meal with his friends

D．he has more special occasions to celebrate

高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析

Studies have shown that the right and left ear　 sound differently.

A. produce　　　　 　　　 B. pronounce

C. process　　　　　　　　 D. download

高三英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析

Studies have shown that the right and left ear 　　　　 sound differently.

A. produce　　　　　 B. pronounce

C. process　　　　　　 D. download

高三英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析