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请认真阅读下列短文，根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格内填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：每个空格只填1个单词。

Looking back at my younger years, I am sometimes amazed at how life has turned out. Nothing is exactly what I had originally planned for. The only thing that stays the same is who I am, my values, and my interests. If I could go back in time and hang out with my younger self for a day, here's what I would tell her.

1. Everything happens for a reason.

Without mistakes and failure, you would never have learned. Without pain, you would never have grown. So don't stress or think that life is unfair, because everything happens for a reason. And only time will tell what it will teach us.

2. Focus on one thing at a time. You can have it all but not all at once.

It is not surprising that many of us are doing too many things at once. We need to make ends meet. But if you are working three jobs at a time, it is not likely that you will succeed at any of them. You have to keep your eyes on the big picture. You have to ask yourself what exactly do you want to achieve for the next 10 years? Focus on one thing at a time. Achieve your goals one by one.

3. You can plan ahead, but your plan will definitely change when the time comes.

You can plan ahead because sometimes planning ahead can give you a clearer direction of where you want to go. However, plans will almost always change, so be prepared！

4. Trust your instincts.(直觉)

Don't worry too much about a decision you have to make. Just do what feels right. You know what you want. You might consult other people. But deep down, you know what you want. Do what makes you happy. Because at the end of the day, even if you follow logic, you will want to quit and follow your heart.

5. It's okay to be unsure about your purpose in life.

You might be graduating or have hit a turning point with your career. You might feel a bit lost and unsure of where to go. It's okay. Go out there and try as many different things as you can. Don't ever feel like you're wasting your time. Enjoy the journey. Don't rush. Every little path will lead you somewhere. And looking back, you will be able to connect the dots. It will all make sense.

6. Don't try too hard with people.

Don't worry if you feel like it's hard to make new friends. Just be yourself and be as open as you can. It might take a while until you find new best friends and a mate for life, but when you do, you will know it. It's not hard work. So, just do your thing and be yourself.

A letter to my younger self

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Made In The USA: An Export Boom

In his State of the Union address two years ago, President Obama argued that in order to recover from the economic recession, one of the few things the U．S. needed to do was to export more goods around the world. That night, the president unveiled a new goal: to double U．S. exports over the next five years. It would be an increase that the president said would “support two million jobs in America.”

Most economists dismissed the promise at the time as something unrealistic, but two years later, the U．S. is on pace to meet that goal. American exports are up 34 percent since the president gave that speech, and the number continues to rise.

Competitive In A Global Market

Marlin Steel, a metal working business in Baltimore, makes parts that ship all across the world. “We export to 36 countries，” owner Drew Greenblatt tells All Things Considered Host Guy Raz.“We're working around the clock, and we're growing.”

It's not just advanced manufacturing exports on the rise, but pork, cattle and all kinds of agricultural exports are up as well. Even American craft beer has found an export market.

Flying Dog CEO Jim Caruso says that increasingly, people all over the world are trying the beer from the Maryland－based brewery. Caruso says，“Even in those top beer－producing countries, a competitive American product is finding a market.”

Services Are Exports, Too

Another place exports are coming from is New York City—in particular, the 30^th floor of a Manhattan skyscraper on 5^th Avenue and 52^nd Street. That's where the consulting firm Kurt Solomon lies. It doesn't actually produce a product for export; it provides management advice and strategy.

“Four out of every five Americans is now employed in the service industry，” the nation's top trade official, Ron Kirk says, “Services are a significant part of our exports, and make up about a quarter of our exported goods.” These services can include everything from legal consulting, finance, information technology and even engineering.

And There Are Other Factors

So why has there been an increase of more than 30 percent for exports in almost everything? Part of the increase, at least for the manufacturing side, is due to better technology, says Tyler Cowen, an economist. “A lot of it is being driven by smart machines，” he tells Raz，“The U．S. has high wage rates, which is a disadvantage, but if machines are doing a lot of the work, that doesn't matter.”

China factors a lot in America's export economy, too.“Wages in China have been going up as the country becomes more productive. Thus China is losing the cheap labor advantage it has held for some time.” Cowen says.

Will Jobs Grow, too?

“Companies have become more productive by dismissing workers and lowering costs.”Cowen says.“So I don't view exporting as a way of creating a very large number of jobs, but it will create more profits.”

So not every business or worker is necessarily benefiting from the export boom in the U．S., and Cowen says that could ultimately lead to a polarization(两极) of economic outcomes.

Made In the USA: An Export Boom

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A student tries to figure out a major that suits her.

Bored by the Chinese courses he was majoring in, Zuo Cheng, 18, couldn’t imagine having to drag himself into class day after day, week after week, for four years. After rounds of examinations and interviews, he managed to transfer to the Department of International Accounting.

“It may seem like I’ve wasted a year and have to start college all over again, but now that I’ve settled on a field I’ll be able to concentrate,” Zuo said.

Zou is not alone.

“When we were in high school very few of us understood how maajor relates to career. Many students picked colleges before majors, only to discover their mistake a few weeks after arrival on the campus,” said Jiang Xin, 20, who was able to switch to electrical engineering and automation from physics. He said that physics graduates had few other options besides going into teaching. He added that a career in education just didn’t suit him.

“I should have better job prospects（前景）and the chance to earn more money once I graduate,” Jiang said.

A new survey, of 2,500 students nationwide starting in September this year, suggests that as much as 35 percent of the students are disappointed by their courses. The least happy are those majoring in bioengineering, traditional Chinese medicine and math, while students of architecture, economics and foreign languages are the happiest, owing to good career prospects.

However, Shao Yanfang, who works at the admissions office of University of International Business and Economics in Beijing, advised students to consider both short-and long-term goals.

“After graduation do you want to find yourself in a job very specifically related to your college major? Or, would you like to posses the knowledge and skills that will enable you to work in many areas? There are the questions students need to consider. Above all, your choice of major should be based on your own interests, abilities and personality.” Shao said.

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Extreme sports are becoming increasingly popular. In fact, activities such as mountain biking, snowboarding and skateboarding continue to attract larger numbers of people every year. At the same time, a decline has been noted, for years on end, in other outside activities that are considered to be more traditional, including basketball. This is most likely linked to several factors, ranging from the increased adrenaline（肾上腺素） all the way to the positive mental and physical health aspects of participating in an extreme sport.

Extreme sports can push you to your physical and mental limits. Individuals who regularly perform feats （超群的技艺） such as going bungee jumping actually change the chemical makeup of their mind. When this happens, you become more capable of staying calm and centered in stressful situations. In other words, extreme sports can make the rest of your life easy to manage. Besides, those who participate in extreme sports are able to turn their fears into positive experiences. There probably aren’t too many people in the world who won’t feel fearful the first time they go bungee jumping. But seeing that you manage to do them will help you reduce your fear response.

We all do certain movements during the day; however, you’ve probably felt sore after doing something that isn’t on your typical daily schedule. This is because you have asked your muscles to move in an unusual way when you are working out. Although this can cause soreness, it can also be good for your overall physical fitness. When you embrace an extreme sport, you will build up different muscles of your body, and this will　　 be a positive thing for your health.

Extreme sports task you with overcoming difficult physical challenges. If you can complete these challenges, your rewards will be much more than merely physical. Studies have found a strong link between extreme sports and a higher level of self-confidence. This makes sense when you consider the fact that accomplishing a task so physically daunting（使人畏缩的） is something that you should feel proud of. The self-confidence increase can have a positive impact on every aspect of your life, which makes extreme sports　　 a good idea for everyone who is physically capable of meeting the great challenges.

However, before you begin any extreme sport, ensure you’re physically and mentally capable of performing the necessary tasks. Once you’re ready to begin, you’ll be able to choose from a long list of adventurous sports that are certain to get your adrenaline flowing.

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Are you interested in writing a novel? Well, if you want to be a good novelist, you’re supposed to avoid some common writing mistakes, the first one of which is not having a thunderous start．The first word, first sentence, and first page of your novel will decide if the reader wants to turn the page and keep reading．Having too much unnecessary information at the start and keeping the reader waiting for the real story can make him lose interest and give up on the book．You don’t want that to happen．All is well that “starts” well．

It’s also wrong not to have decided on an audience before writing your novel．Decide what kind of an audience your novel will cater to．Once you’re sure who will be reading it, you’ll know what style of writing you should adopt, the kind of language you will have to use．This gives you a direction and enables you to write better．

Another writing mistake is writing with your head, not with your heart．Every kind of reader should be pleased, every character should be perfect, every character should be likable, and the novel should have a happy ending．If these are your thoughts when writing a novel, you are probably not thinking straight．Writing with business or monetary gains as your aim should be discouraged as that affects what you really want to express．Write because you want to, not because you have to.

You also need to avoid writing too quickly or too slowly．If you are writing too slowly, it either means you are just too lazy or procrastinating (延迟)．If you are writing too fast, you are either rushing it or are not giving yourself enough time to shape it．Neither of the two is healthy for your novel or you as a writer．Some sections might take longer than others and vice versa．Just maintain the required pace．

Using words and sentences that are neither appropriate nor rich is also a common writing mistake you should avoi

Words are all you have to make the readers feel what the character is feeling, to visualize what the protagonist (主人公) is looking at, or to imagine the coldness in the eyes of the criminal．If you confine (限制) your vocabulary to a limited set of words, you limit the experience of the reader．Anger is not the only word which can be used to express that emotion．Make use of words like fury, wrath, vengeance, rage and frenzy to express anger．Similarly, if a scene needs a dialog, don’t write a report or an essay there．Instead, spice it up by involving an animated, energized dialog.

高三英语填空题中等难度题查看答案及解析

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Research shows that the summer before college can be a dangerous time for teenagers, as they are between home and high school on the one side, and a more challenging and independent existence as a college student on the other．

Take drinking for example．Research has reported that teenagers tend to increase their alcohol use during the summer before college and in their first term．Such drinking can lead to tragedy: it’s estimated that more than 1,100 college students at 18 to 24 years of age die each year from alcohol-related injuries, including car crashes, and almost 600, 000 are injured under the influence of alcohol.

In addition to drinking, future freshmen may also have gaps in their knowledge about other aspects of university life．A study has found that students are “generally aware” of the fact that they have to place them into college courses and their school’s curricular requirements．In addition, many students hold misunderstandings such as “Getting into college is the hardest part”, and “I can take whatever classes I want when I get to college”．In fact, students’ courses may be determined by their level of preparation．

It is found that college-bound high-school graduates are faced with a number of potentially frightening tasks during the summer．For example, colleges typically require students to take placement tests（分班考试）and fill out a lot of paperwork, including housing and medical forms, over the summer．Completing these tasks may be especially frightening for low-income and first-generation college-bound students whose families may be short of experience with the college-going process．

In addition, it’s only in the summer after high-school graduation when students face the reality of paying the first college bill, which often includes unexpected costs like required health insurance．For college-intending students, successfully controlling the post-high-school summer thus requires a level of finance that may be unrelated to their ability to succeed in the classroom．As a result, students who have already broken through many barriers to college admission may fail to enter college．

Paring college-bound students with “fellow advisers”---students already in college who have been trained to support and coach their learners through the summer---improves the rate at which the learners show up at college．Even more wonderful, a low-cost campaign of text messages---in which researchers sent recent high-school graduates and their parents a series of eight to ten text-message reminders of key tasks to complete over the summer---is just as effective in increasing the rate of students who successfully make the change to college．

A little “summer pushing” could be a key step in getting students all the way across the finish line．

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School lunches in Japan

Japan manages a rare achievement for a developed country when it comes to feeding its children ― high scores for nutrition but very low obesity rates. One major key? School lunches.

A landmark report by the UN's children agency UNICEF released Tuesday shows Japan topping the charts for childhood health indicators, with low rates of infant mortality and few underweight children.

Experts say there are various factors at work, including a health-conscious society and regularly check-ups for children required by law, but a nationwide school lunch program also plays a key role.

"School lunches with menus that are created by nutritionists are provided to all primary schools and the majority of junior high schools throughout Japan,," Mitsuhiko Hara, a pediatrician and professor at Tokyo Kasei Gakuin University, told AFP.

The lunches are mandatory — no packed lunches allowed ― and while they are not free for most, they are heavily subsidized 补助）.Each meal is designed to have around 600-700 calories balanced between carbohydrates, meat or fish and vegetables.

"School lunch is designed to provide nutrition that tends to be lacking in meals at home," Education Ministry official Mayumi Ueda told AFP. "I think it contributes to the nutritional balance necessary for children."

Unlike the cafeteria system operated in some Western countries, Japanese school lunches are usually served in the classroom. Pupils frequently dish out the food to each other and clean up the room afterwards. There is no choice of meal, and no concessions offered for vegetarians, or anyone with religious restrictions.

The lunches are intended not only to feed children, but to teach them. "There's also a daily broadcast at school to explain the nutritional elements contained in the school lunch of the day, and this is a good way to educate kids,” Hara said.

"School lunch is positioned as part of education under the law,'? Ueda said. "It's not just about eating food, but children learn to serve, and clean up on their own?"

The Japanese government studies nutrition and eating habits in Japan annually, and uses the results to shape what goes into the school meals, she added.

And there are other factors at work, Hara acknowledged. "Because many Japanese are health-conscious, they try to eat a variety of food, which is good," he said. "And we're taught to eat seasonal food, which also contributes to good health. Japan is one of the rare countries that pay so much attention to food that is associated with specific seasons," he added.

Hara said another factor in Japan is regularly mandated childcare health checks. Parents of infants receive reminders from the local government, and children are given health checks at school, including measuring height and weight.

Still, even Japan has not escaped entirely the growing trend toward overweight children and childhood obesity, which in Japan, like elsewhere, tends to affect those from less wealthy families.

"Children in poverty are more likely to be overweight because families try to cut costs," Hara said. "As a result, they eat less protein but consume more carbs and sugar, which leads to obesity."

School lunches are all the more important to children in such situations, he said.

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Some people believe that greed and selfishness has become the basis of modern society, and we should return to the old traditions of family and community then we will have a better life. To what extent do you agree or disagree with the above opinion?

In this fast-paced world, many values are undergoing major changes. While people traditionally prioritize caring, sharing and generosity in life and work, modern people seem to be more self-absorbed and self-concerned.

Modern people act selfishly to survive the harsh competition of life. They say that it is a jungle out there. To survive, you have to fight with whatever means that come handy. Obviously greed and selfishness go perfectly well with such ideas. In a company, employees do everything they can to get better pay and higher position, even at the cost of coworkers. We are in any way advocating any selfish conduct. It is just that people are pressured to act in a certain way due to outside influences.

In spite of common practice, it is hard to conclude that modern society is built on greed and selfishness, both of which are not newly invented vocabulary. In ancient times people also did greedy and selfish things though such behaviors were more condemned then. But we can not ignore the fact that people in the past lived a relatively more isolated life and faced less pressure compared with their modern counterparts.

Are we happier to share with others and be generous to them? There is no fixed answer either. Some people take great pleasure helping and giving to others while others feel happy doing the opposite. But I personally think that people should not be too selfish. Caring for others can actually encourage the development of a mutually beneficial relationship.

In conclusion, modern people appear to be more self-centered than those in the past due to strong outside pressure. However, we should encourage people to know the importance of being caring and generous and to build a mutually beneficial relationship with others.

Are Modern People Becoming More Selfish?

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Ticket tax fuels Indian cinema strike

Cinemas in Mumbai, Bollywood’s homeland are striking against high taxes on ticket sales.

Owners of Mumbai’s single-screen theatres will keep their shutters (百叶窗) down until Friday to protest about taxes, which they say are driving them out of business.

More than a third of single-screen cinemas in the state of Maharashtra have closed down in the last five years. According to the Cinema and Exhibitors Association of India, just 700 are still in operation. The association blames the closing down on Maharashtra’s high rate of entertainment tax. Its president, R V Vidhani, says that cinemas must pay a tax for every ticket sold, which is 45%, and this makes it hard to break even. It’s the highest of all states across India. The majority of the states in India pay zero entertainment tax. Mr Vidhani says his members had decided to go ahead with a one-week closure after getting no response from the state government on the matter.

It is not just a high tax rate contributing to the shrinking（收缩）number of traditional cinemas, however. Large costs and declining box office takings also make times tougher.

Mr Vidhani has run the New Excelsior Theatre in South Mumbai since 1974. Last week a screening of Bollywood movie Tanu Weds Manu sold just 71 tickets despite a capacity of more than 1,000. Whether it’s a full house or an empty screening, running costs are more or less the same. “Air conditioning, regular business — every expenditure (支出) is the same, but the income has stopped.”

The cricket (板球) World Cup is not helping matters, according to Mr Vidhani. “The World Cup is creating the biggest problem,” he says. “These people are crazy so far as the cricket is concerned. When India is playing, occupancy in the theatre is just 15%.”

Mumbai’s city centre is dotted with empty cinemas.

So after remaining empty for six years, the Novelty theatre is perhaps more fortunate than its neighbours: it is to be reborn as a four-screen multiplex cinema.

Over the last decade the number of multiplexes in India has risen sharply. Despite higher ticket prices, with more choice on offer and typically newer facilities they pose fierce competition to the traditional single-screen theatres.

“Competition from the multiplexes is really tough,” Mr Vidhani says. “Then there is competition from the movie window being narrow. Movies are being released much quicker on television than they used to be so people can pretty much watch movies for free at home.

“With rising incomes, everyone’s going out and buying DVD players or VCD players. Content is available for the asking whether it is official or pirated(盗版).”

Unless single-screen theatres can become special destinations in their own right, while also offering up-to-date facilities, Jehil Thakkar thinks the decline is a trend that will continue, especially as multiplex cinemas spread to smaller towns.

“They are large corporate chains,” he says. “They have the ability to spend money on branding and advertising, so to a large extent the small cinema guys are fighting a losing battle.”

Ticket tax fuels Indian cinema strike

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Guiding students through open-ended discussions can help students develop their understanding of the nature of science.

One useful practice in classroom discussions involves developing a discussion map. A discussion map is a graphic timeline created by the teacher on which a discussion is recorded --- who initially states the idea and who adds to or refuses the idea.

Discussion maps let teachers gain a deep understanding of students’ level of participation, the origins of ideas, and the claims that seem meaningful, useful, and/or reasonable to students. They also give the teacher an idea of students’ science thoughts of phenomena and ideas.

To make a discussion map, the teacher needs to do a couple of things. First, the teacher needs to keep informed of the ideas that are shared and who shared the idea. The teacher does this as the children talk, making quick notes of the ideas and thoughts. It can be helpful to record the discussion, but it isn’t required. Then, after the discussion is over, the teacher reflectively creates the discussion map to clarify the understanding of the ideas and connections that students were making in their talk.

Educators have identified discussions as consistent with reform recommendations in that they help children learn about the nature science and are useful in combining literacy and science. It is suggested that discussions can be useful for teachers in evaluating students’ ideas and building excitement as science. Discussions offer windows on students’ thinking, provide students who struggle in reading and writing with a chance to participate more actively in class, and create situations where students can express their ideas differently than in traditional schools tasks.

However, I suggest that there are additional reasons for having reasoned discussions in classrooms. First, discussions like this allow students to use their own vocabulary --- the words and terms that make sense to them and their classmates --- to drive the intellectual and academic work of understand phenomena. Many times learning science can become focused on learning terms but not necessarily understanding and explaining phenomena. Second, discussions allow students to think about their experiences and the things that they know and try to reconcile these with science ideas. This is challenging, but working together with classmates can help. Finally, reasoned discussions are fundamentally scientific because they offer an open forum that allows all students to be heard, and students’ ideas can be evaluated and connected to their experiences with scientific explanations of those phenomena. For example, during the children’s reasoned discussion about plants, the group came to the agreement that seeds grow into plants. The students understood that most seeds get buried in the ground, the seeds get wet, and then plants grow. This led to a question about whether the seed was still in the ground when the plant had grown into an adult plant. The students came up with several ideas about where the seeds were. During this conversation, the teacher took careful notes so that later investigations could respond to the questions that children were asking. Thus the students were working together using their ideas and understandings and realized something as a group that they didn’t understand as individuals.

高三英语填空题中等难度题查看答案及解析