About 4 million children worldwide develop as...

About 4 million children worldwide develop asthma(哮喘) each year because of nitrogen dioxide(NO2 , 二氧化氮) air pollution, according to a study published by researchers at the George Washington University. The study estimates(估算) that 64 percent of these new cases of asthma occur in urban areas.

“The study is the first to quantify the worldwide burden of new pediatric(儿科的) asthma cases linked to traffic-related nitrogen dioxide by using a method that takes into account high exposure to this pollutant that occurs near busy roads, ” said Susan C. Anenberg, PhD, the senior author of the study.

“Our findings suggest that millions of new cases of pediatric asthma could be prevented in cities around the world by reducing air pollution,” said Anenberg. “Improving access to cleaner forms of transportation, like electrified public transport, cycling and walking, would not only bring down NO2 levels, but would also improve physical fitness, and cut greenhouse gas emissions(排放). ”

Asthma is a disease that makes it hard to breathe when the lung’s airways are swollen. An estimated 235 million people worldwide at present have asthma, which can cause life-threatening attacks.

The World Health Organization calls air pollution “a major environmental risk to health” and has offered Air Quality Guidelines for NO2 and other air pollutants. The researchers estimate that most children lived in areas below the NO2, guideline. They also found that about 92 percent of the new pediatric asthma cases that were caused by NO2 occurred in areas that already meet the WHO guideline.

“That finding suggests that the WHO guideline for NO2 may need to be re-evaluated to make sure it is conducive to the protection of children’s health,” said Pattanun Achakulwisut, PhD, lead author of the paper.

Additional research must be done to more persuasively identify what is leading to asthma within complex traffic emissions. This effort will help to improve the estimates of new asthma cases tied to traffic emissions.

1.What can we learn from Susan C. Anenberg?

A.Old forms of getting around need to be replaced.

B.Few cases of pediatric asthma occur in urban areas.

C.Pediatric asthma increases because of unclean energy.

D.Greener transportation helps to reduce asthma cases.

2.What can we infer about the Air Quality Guidelines for NO2?

A.It proved persuasive. B.It seemed unreasonable.

C.It would be abandoned. D.It turned out instructive.

3.What does the underlined word “conducive” in paragraph 6 probably mean?

A.Beneficial. B.Open.

C.Equal. D.Familiar.

4.What is the main idea of the text?

A.Asthma has put children’s life in unavoidable danger.

B.WHO should improve Air Quality Guidelines for NO2.

C.NO2 air pollution causes children to suffer from asthma.

D.Air pollution is a serious worldwide problem nowadays.

高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析

C

Five Things You Should Know About Adult Asthma (哮喘)

About 44 million people in Asia Pacific suffer from asthma. The numbers are on the rise especially in China and India where there is rapid industrialization and urbanization. Dr Mariko Koh, Director of the Pulmonary Function Laboratory and Asthma Programme at Singapore General Hospital, tells us more about adult asthma:

1. Chronic inflammation (炎症) of the airways

When the airways are inflamed, mucus (粘液) forms, blocking airflow, causing breathlessness, wheezing (喘息) and tightness in the chest.

2. Common triggers

Exposure to allergens (过敏原) such as mites, cockroaches, pets and pollen can trigger asthma. Tobacco smoke, respiratory infections, exercise and some medications like aspirin and beta blockers are also possible triggers.

3. Effective treatment

Asthma can be controlled with medication. The main treatment of asthma is inhaled (吸入) corticosteroids to reduce inflammation and block of the airways. Reliever medications may be used to treat acute symptoms. Take note: it is not too late to take medication after an asthma attack.

4. Take medication daily

To ensure good control over asthma, medication must be taken daily on a long term basis to prevent attacks. Also, go to your doctor for regular checkups.

5. Quality of life

Asthma sufferers can lead normal active lives as long as the symptoms are well controlled. Taking medication as directed and avoiding triggers can make a big difference to the quality of life.

1.All of the following are possible factors causing asthma except _________.

A. aspirin　　　　　 　　　　 B. pollen

C. polluted air　　　　　　　 D. tobacco

2.What can be inferred from the passage?

A. There is no possible cure for allergic asthma.

B. Asthma is caused by acute inflammation of the airways.

C. China and India have the largest number of asthma sufferers in the world.

D. Regular checkups and exercise can ensure you a life free from asthma symptoms.

3.The author would most likely to agree that __________.

A. asthma sufferers can lead a normal life as ordinary people

B. daily intake of medication in the long run is helpful in controlling asthma

C. rapid industrialization and urbanization are the leading causes of asthma

D. once asthma attacks, it is too late to take medication

4.What is the purpose of this passage?

A. To explain the cause of asthma

B. To stress the importance of keeping away from asthma

C. To confirm a successful research about asthma

D. To inform readers several aspects about asthma

高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析

Asthma(哮喘) is a long-lasting breathing disease that affects millions of Americans, many of whom are children. People who get asthma will suffer from lack of breath, difficulty in breathing or coughing--which are caused by the tightening of the muscles in airways. Untreated asthma can lead to poor lung function and death, but asthma can also be effectively controlled with proper treatments.

Research is discovering　 genes that contribute to the development of asthma. This development has pointed researchers to the role of indoor and outdoor pollution as environmental factors that contribute to the increased occurrence of asthma.

The Indoor Pollution

Indoor pollution has increased with the developments　 in building materials and in heating and air conditioning systems. In addition to poisonous gases that come from paint, other materials like dust and perfumes used in household products such as washing powder are recycled continuously through the house, winter and summer.

Unlike the days before central heating or before whole-house air conditioning, these materials and chemicals cannot get out of modern homes. Most　 often, they cause breathing　 problems in the members of the family with the least-developed autoimmune(自身免疫的) systems. Proper venting (通风) and use of environmentally-friendly building materials and carpeting can help reduce the presence of these chemicals.

The Outdoor pollution

Researchers have also established outdoor pollution's role as a probable cause of asthma. Asthma has been proven

to result from some fuel products. Smog and the small matters carried by it have been recognized as a factor which leads to asthma since the 19th century when London saw more and more diseases in the industrial population. Industrial pollutants and other chemicals which are produced in water treatment and open treated water like that found in the swimming pools also contribute to increased cases of asthma as well as other illnesses.

Those most affected by the increase of industrial and environmental pollution are children. Although much has been done to control the levels of pollution in the US, there still remains much to do as it is a worldwide phenomenon. Until an international effort can be made to limit carbon emissions, the occurrence of environmental asthma will probably continue to increase.

高三英语信息匹配困难题查看答案及解析

请阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。

Five Things You Should Know About Adult Asthma (哮喘)

About 44 million people in Asia Pacific suffer from asthma．The numbers are on the rise especially in China and India where there is rapid industrialization and urbanization．Dr Mariko Koh, Director of the Pulmonary Function Laboratory and Asthma Programme at Singapore General Hospital, tells us more about adult asthma:

1．Chronic inflammation (炎症) of the airways

When the airways are inflamed, mucus (粘液) forms, blocking airflow, causing breathlessness, wheezing (喘息) and tightness in the chest.

2．Common triggers

Exposure to allergens (过敏原) such as mites, cockroaches, pets and pollen can trigger asthma．Tobacco smoke, respiratory infections, exercise and some medications like aspirin and beta blockers are also possible triggers.

3．Effective treatment

Asthma can be controlled with medication．The main treatment of asthma is inhaled(吸入)corticosteroids to reduce inflammation and block of the airways．Reliever medications may be used to treat acute symptoms．Take note: it is not too late to take medication after an asthma attack.

4．Take medication daily

To ensure good control over asthma, medication must be taken daily on a long term basis to prevent attacks．Also, go to your doctor for regular checkups.

5．Quality of life

Asthma sufferers can lead normal active lives as long as the symptoms are well controlled．Taking medication as directed and avoiding triggers can make a big difference to the quality of life.

1.All of the following are possible factors causing asthma except _________.

A．aspirin

B．pollen

C．polluted air

D．tobacco

2.What can be inferred from the passage?

A．There is no possible cure for allergic asthma．

B．Asthma is caused by acute inflammation of the airways.

C．China and India have the largest number of asthma sufferers in the world．

D．Regular checkups and exercise can ensure you a life free from asthma symptoms.

3.The author would most likely to agree that __________.

A．asthma sufferers can lead a normal life as ordinary people

B．daily intake of medication in the long run is helpful in controlling asthma

C．rapid industrialization and urbanization are the leading causes of asthma

D．once asthma attacks, it is too late to take medication

4.What is the purpose of this passage?

A．To explain the cause of asthma

B．To stress the importance of keeping away from asthma

C．To confirm a successful research about asthma

D．To inform readers several aspects about asthma

高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析

According to the US Geological Survey, about seven million earthquakes strike worldwide every year—but fortunately, only about 1500 of these are of a magnitude(震级) of 5 or greater on the Richter scale. Certain areas, such as California and Japan, are more prone to earthquakes than others. Although the chance of being caught in “The Big one” is remote, it’s wise to be prepared if you live in a region where earthquakes are common.

Educate your family about earthquakes before a big one strikes. For example, they need to know to take shelter in a doorway or under a strong object if indoors, and never to run outdoors if they are inside. If outside, they need to know to stay away from power lines and buildings where objects could fall.

Teach family members how to turn off gas or water lines or electrical power that may need to be shut off after a quake if severe damage occurs.

Develop a plan. Where will your family meet in the event of a disaster? What if some people are at work or school? How will you know if they are safe? Where will you all meet up?

Pack a preparedness kit(衣物装备) and keep it in a safe location. In a major earthquake, it’s possible that you won’t be able to get into your house. Keep supplies in your car trunk or an outside storage shed if possible. Pack whatever your family is likely to need, enough for three days to a week, including food, water, medication, first aid and personal hygiene supplies, flashlights, a portable radio, blankets, clothes and shoes, cash, or camp stove, candles, matches or lighters, and a whistle.

Consider earthquake insurance for your home if you live in an earthquake-prone area. Regular homeowner’s insurance doesn’t cover earthquake damage.

1.The underlined words “prone to ” in paragraph 1 can be replaced by___________.

A. likely to suffer                 B. frequent to explore

C. regular to measure              D. impossible to experience

2.According to the passage, if you are outside in an earthquake, you should_________.

A. stay where you are             B. hide under a big tree

C. avoid power lines              D. sit on the ground

3. We can learn from the passage that_________.

A. about 1,500 earthquakes happen every year

B. people should store some clothes in their houses in advance

C. family members should meet in their home after an earthquake

D. people suffering earthquakes often should buy earthquake insurance

4.What would be the best title for the passage?

A. How to Keep Safe in an Earthquake

B. How to Prepare for an Earthquake

C. Who Can Help Us After an Earthquake?

D. Where Is an Earthquake-prone Area?

高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析

About four million people worldwide took to the streets on Friday, September 20, 2019, for the Global Climate Strike. The young protestors (抗议者), and their adult supporters, marched along city streets outside government buildings to urge leaders to take action against climate change.

The back-to- back protests are timed to coincide (与……一致) with the United Nations Climate Change Summit in New York City on Monday, September 23, 2019. The meeting is designed to challenge world leaders from 69 countries to discuss steps to handle climate change. The UN hopes their actions will help reduce global carbon emissions by 45% by 2030 and, if all goes well, eliminate them altogether by 2050.

While the strikes are in long-standing anger about the changing environment, the worldwide call for action is closely linked to teenage climate activist Greta Thunberg. The 16-year-old got well-known a year ago after she began spending Fridays outside the Swedish Parliament (国会) building in Stockholm to convince officials to take action against climate change. Her protests have inspired young people worldwide to take action in their cities.

Thunberg, who came from Sweden to New York City in an emissions- free sailboat, was one of the key speakers at the UN Climate Change Summit. On Monday, September 23, the teenager told lawmakers, “You all come to us young people for hope. How dare you? You’ve stolen my dreams and my childhood with your empty words, and yet, I’m one of the lucky ones. People are suffering. People are dying. Entire ecosystems are falling down. So you have to listen to scientists and take immediate measures to help stop climate change.”

While Thunberg and other young climate activists are calling the recent global Climate Strike a victory in terms of its size and reach, they realize it’ ll take time to convince lawmakers to create real change. However, the teenager is hopeful they’ll begin to pay attention as more people of all ages join in the call-to-action.

1.What can we know about the Global Climate Strike from the text?

A.It is to support the un climate Change Summit.

B.It is to raise teenagers environmental awareness.

C.It was led by adults but mainly included teenagers.

D.It was attended by millions of people in the world.

2.What does the underlined word “eliminate” in Paragraph 2 mean?

A.Join. B.Improve.

C.Get rid of. D.Stay away from.

3.What is the third paragraph intended to show?

A.The role that Thunberg plays in the Strike.

B.Thunberg’s contributions to climate change.

C.The importance of the global climate Strike

D.Thunberg’s opinions on the Global Climate Strike.

4.What did Thunberg focus on expressing at the un climate Change Summit?

A.Humans’ carelessness is worsening climate.

B.Humans are suffering due to climate change.

C.Measures need taking to stop climate change.

D.Extreme climate change is drawing attention.

高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析

Over a million children have developed some form of intellectual （智力） disability over the past two decades after being exposed to chemicals including flame retardants, pesticides, lead, and mercury, a study has revealed.

The study focused on the four chemicals, which can be crossed from a mother to her unborn baby through the placenta（胎盘）and cause neurodevelopmental damage. The researchers looked at data from past studies, including blood samples taken from women of childbearing age and 5-year-olds.

Over the period, flame retardants, resulted in 738,860 cases of intellectual disability and an estimated 162 million lost IQ （智商）points, followed by lead at 330,684 cases, pesticides at 111,830, and mercury at 8,860. In recent years, pesticides and flame retardants have overtaken lead and mercury as the chemicals responsible for the biggest loss of IQ among children.

The researchers believe this is due to regulations cutting down the use of these chemicals. For instance, lead has been banned from gasoline, paint and drinking water systems in the U.S. and plants are not allowed to pump out mercury.

The researchers acknowledged limitations to their study, including that the exposure-response relationships might not relate to all populations. Positively, they found a huge drop in the estimated loss of IQ points among children.

Lead researcher Abigail Gaylord, commented: "Our findings suggest that our efforts to reduce exposure to heavy metals are paying off, but that harmful exposures in general continue to represent a terrible risk to people's physical, mental, and economic health. "Unfortunately, the minimal policies in place to remove pesticides and flame retardants are clearly not enough," she said.

She also added. Frequently opening windows to let persistent chemicals found in furniture　 electronics, and carpeting escape, and eating certified organic produce can educe exposure to these harmful things"

1.Which contributes most to the loss of children's IQ?

A.Flame retardants. B.Pesticide.

C.Lead. D.Mercury.

2.Where does the passage probably come from?

A.A school report. B.A science fiction.

C.A scientific research. D.A chemistry book.

3.What is the drawback of the research mentioned?

A.It has received bad response from all populations.

B.It has no previous information to refer to.

C.It covers only part of the population.

D.It is not supported by government policies.

4.What's the best title for this passage?

A.Four chemicals harming children.

B.Regulations cutting down the use of heavy metals.

C.Environment risking people's physical and mental health.

D.Children IQ lowered by exposure to harmful chemicals.

高三英语阅读理解困难题查看答案及解析

(2012·厦门高二检测) A new report says each year about two million people die from accidents and diseases related _______ their jobs.

A. to        B. with        C. in            D. into

高三英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析

Homelessness is a huge problem all over the world. It’s said that each day there are about 1 million people living on the streets in the US. It is a serious problem which should be dealt with effectively.

There are two main reasons for people leaving their homes: poverty and less affordable houses due to bad economic conditions. Other reasons include: domestic violence, divorce, and mental illness. Living without a home makes people main targets of violence activities and besides, these homeless people have to face the following difficulties on a daily basis.

They have to move about, carrying their belongings, which makes it difficult for the charity and the government to help them. They have limited access to bathrooms and restrooms and are forced to live in dirty conditions, making them easy to be attacked by diseases. They have limited access to health-care facilities in case of emergency, and almost no access to education as they have no money. They are often ill-treated by society, which makes them unfriendly, often ending up being involved in activities connected with crime like selling drugs or guns.

Homelessness is not something that happened overnight --- it has been in the country for decades. The society usually believes those living on the street to be mentally unstable. This belief is partially true. Most of them are normal people just like you and me.

The federal government is doing all it can to help but it is not enough, so the ordinary citizens have to stand up and try to help whenever it’s possible. There are various organizations, such as charity organizations that are working constantly to make sure that homeless people find a shelter to live in. the united efforts have helped millions of people return to their normal lifestyle. However, there is still a long way to go before a better situation is created for all the homeless.

1.Homeless people suffer from all the following except __________.

A．violent activities    B．disease attack      C．moving a lot        D．heavy work

2.The homeless are usually treated as __________.

A．having mental problems                  B．a danger to society

C．physically disabled people                 D．being too lazy to do anything

3.Which of the following are mentioned to help solve the problem of the homeless?

① the government ② homeless people ③ charity organizations ④ the ordinary citizens

A．①②③           B．①③④           C．①②④           D．②③④

4.What can we learn from the passage?

A．Most homeless people died of hunger and cold.

B．The homeless should work hard to change their own situation.

C．The homeless problem is a serious problem that need solving effectively.

D．The homeless people have nothing to take when they move about.

高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析

Homelessness is a huge problem all over the world. It’s said that each day there are about 1 million people living on the streets in the US. It is a serious problem which should be dealt with effectively.

There are two main reasons for people leaving their homes: poverty and less affordable houses due to bad economic conditions. Other reasons include: domestic violence, divorce, and mental illness. Living without a home makes people main targets of violence activities and besides, these homeless people have to face the following difficulties on a daily basis.

They have to move about, carrying their belongings, which makes it difficult for the charity and the government to help them. They have limited access to bathrooms and restrooms and are forced to live in dirty conditions, making them easy to be attacked by diseases. They have limited access to health-care facilities in case of emergency, and almost no access to education as they have no money. They are often ill-treated by society, which makes them unfriendly, often ending up being involved in activities connected with crime like selling drugs or guns.

Homelessness is not something that happened overnight --- it has been in the country for decades. The society usually believes those living on the street to be mentally unstable. This belief is partially true. Most of them are normal people just like you and me.

The federal government is doing all it can to help but it is not enough, so the ordinary citizens have to stand up and try to help whenever it’s possible. There are various organizations, such as charity organizations that are working constantly to make sure that homeless people find a shelter to live in. the united efforts have helped millions of people return to their normal lifestyle. However, there is still a long way to go before a better situation is created for all the homeless.

1.How many reasons are mentioned for people having no home to live in?

A. Five                         B. Four                        C. Three                      D. Two

2.The homeless are usually treated as __________.

A. a danger to society

B. having mental problems

C. physically disabled people

D. being too lazy to do anything

3.Which of the following are mentioned to help solve the problem of the homeless?

① the government  ② homeless people  ③ charity organizations  ④ the ordinary citizens

A. ①②③                   B. ①②④                   C. ①③④                   D. ②③④

4.What can we learn from the passage?

A. Most homeless people died of hunger and cold.

B. The homeless should work hard to change their own situation.

C. The homeless people have nothing to take when they move about.

D. The homeless problem is a serious problem that need solving effectively.

高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析