In the 19th century, an Arab physician known ...

In the 19th century, an Arab physician known as Zuhr Ibn conducted some animal research to assess the surgical procedures that could be applicable in humans. Since then, animal testing has been considered to be the most efficient way to develop new drugs. New medical treatments and drugs are tested in animals first to determine their effectiveness or safety levels before they are finally tested on humans. However, it remains controversial whether it is morally right or wrong to use animals for medical or commercial experiments.

Use of animals for medical purposes is seen to be necessary by many scientists. Researchers usually begin their trials using rats. If the tests are successful, further tests are done on monkeys before using human beings. For testing, such tiered(分层的) rounds are important because it reduces the level of error and any negative side effects. Some argue that animal testing has contributed to many life-saving cures and treatments and there is no adequate alternative to testing on a living, whole-body system. Moreover, there are regulations for animal testing that limit the misuse of animals during research, which serves as evidence that animals are well taken care of and treated well instead of being intentionally harmed.

However, some other experts and animal welfare groups have opposed such practice, terming it as inhumane(不人道的) and claiming it should be banned. According to Humane Society International, animals used in experiments are commonly subjected to force feeding, radiation exposure, operations to deliberately cause damage and frightening situations to create depression and anxiety. They also hold the view that animals are very different from human beings and therefore make poor test subjects. Drugs that pass animal tests are not necessarily safe.　 Animal tests on the arthritis(关节炎) drug Vioxx showed that it would have a protective effect on the hearts of mice, yet the drug went on to cause more than 27,000 heart attacks before being pulled from the market.

It’s safe to say that using animals for tests will continue to be debated in many years to come. Despite the benefits of animal testing, some of the animal welfare organizations’ concerns need to be addressed with adequate regulations to ensure that animals are treated humanely.

1.Why is animal testing considered necessary?

A.Because rats are more similar to humans than monkeys.

B.Because other testing alternatives may not replace the need for animals.

C.Because animal testing can spare humans any side effect.

D.Because animal testing has been in practice since the 19th century.

2.What suffering do animals go through during experiments?

A.Eating poisonous food.

B.Being killed deliberately.

C.Breathing in polluted air.

D.Having unnecessary operations.

3.What does the example Vioxx in paragraph 3 tell us?

A.Arthritis is hard to cure.

B.Some drugs need to be withdrawn from the market.

C.Animals can not necessarily produce accurate results.

D.A drug should be tested many more times before its release.

4.What action will the author probably agree with?

A.Experts try hard to determine whether animal tests are harmful.

B.The authorities issue a new law to guarantee animal rights during research.

C.Scientists reduce the number of animals used in research.

D.Relevant organizations show more concern about the animals’ welfare.

高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析

As early as the mid-18th century, some people began raising doubts about Marco Polo’s travels. In 1995, historian Frances Wood argued in her book Did Marco Polo Go to China? that the famous explorer from Venice never made it to pass the Black Sea. She noted that his travel journal left out the Great Wall of China, chopsticks and tea drinking among other details. Furthermore, Chinese documents from Polo’s day made no mention of the explorer and his men.

Wood and other scholars have argued that Marco Polo based his tales of China on information collected from fellow trades who had actually been there. Last year, a team of Italian researchers became the latest to challenge Polo’s accounts(叙述). They said that evidence didn’t support his description of Kublai Khan’s Japanese invasions (侵略）.

Now, however, research by Hans Ulrich Vogel of Germany’s Tubingen University might help prove Marco Polo was true. In a new book Marco Polo Was in China，the professor of Chinese history tries to prove that Marco Polo spoke the truth. He suggests, for example, that Polo didn’t include the Great Wall in his book because it only achieved its great importance in the Ming Dynasty several hundred years later. Vogel further explains that Chinese records from the 13th and 14th centuries avoided setting down visits from Westerners.

Historians before him have touched on these issues. But Vogel also relies on another evidence:the explorer’s very detailed descriptions of currency and salt production in the Yuan Dynasty. According to Vogel, Polo documented these aspects of Mongol Chinese culture in greater detail than any other of his time. This is a hint (暗示) that Polo relied on his own powers of observation.

Will we ever know whether Marco Polo traveled to China? Perhaps not, but the consequences of his real or fictional journey are still felt across the globe. One reader of The Travels of Marco Polo was Christopher Columbus, who stepped upon the New World while following his idol’s footsteps.

1.France Wood doubted Marco Polo’s travel’s to China because his description ________.

A. missed some important culture of China

B. covered so much about traders’ life

C. was full of obvious mistakes

D. seemed less detailed

2.Vogel’s trust on Marco Polo is based on the argument that ________.

a. The Great Wall didn’t gain its importance then

b. Records in the Yuan Dynasty mentioned Polo

c. Polo mentioned the currency and salt

d. Polo’s other works are believable

e. Polo recorded what he saw in great detail

A. a, b, d            B. a, c, d            C. a, e            D. b, c

3.Which of the following shows the structure of the text?（P1为第一段，以此类推）

高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析

When Edgar Allan Poe, the 19th century American writer best known today for his horror stories, first introduced the world to his fictional detective C. Auguste Dupin, he hit on a winning formula.

Dupin was Sherlock Holmes before Sherlock Holmes, a genius detective who first appeared in the story of “The Murders in the Rue Morgue”. Though the roots of the detective story go as far back as Shakespeare, Poe's tales of rational crime-solving created a unique type. His stories mix crime with a detective narrative, inviting readers to try to solve the puzzle too.

The key figure in such a story, then, is the detective. Poe's detective, Dupin is a gentleman of leisure who keeps himself occupied by using “analysis” to help the real police solve crimes. The real police are, of course, absolutely incompetent, like Inspector Lestrade and Scotland Yard are to Holmes. Like Holmes, he smokes a pipe and is unnaturally smart and rational, a kind of superhero who uses powers of thinking to accomplish great tasks of crime-solving.

“The elements Poe invented, such as the socially-awkward genius detective, his 'ordinary' helper, the impossible crime, the incompetent police force, the locked room mystery, etc. , have become firmly fixed in most mystery novels of today,” says English professor Karen 'Tan.

Poe's formula appealed in the 19th century because detective stories promised that reasoning could hold the answer to every question. At the same time, with mysterious overtones, they appealed to 19th-century readers' addiction to the mystical.

The detective story, writes book critic William Mullins, was particularly appealing because it promised that “intellect will win out, the criminal will be caught by the rational detective, science will track down the evil-doer and allow honest people to sleep at night.” At the same time, MacIntyre writes. 19Ih-century anxieties about the Industrial Revolution and new ways of living supported the idea that evil was everywhere. These two instincts　 — “people's increasing faith in reason and mistrust of appearance”- are what made 19th century readers love detective stories, a love that endures today.

1.What do we learn about Poe's fictional detective stories?

A.They created a new style of detective story telling.

B.They eventually became Poe's most famous stories.

C.The main character was inspired by the Sherlock Holmes.

D.Dupin was the first detective to appear in a fictional story.

2.What is Dupin's major strength as a detective?

A.His experience. B.His determination.

C.His fearlessness. D.His intelligence

3.What can we infer about the Dupin and Sherlock Holmes stories?

A.They are both set in England. B.They get readers to think and find.

C.Both of the assistants are incompetent. D.Both of their detectives are very sociable.

4.What made detective stories popular according to William Mullins?

A.Readers' growing interest in the mysterious plot.

B.People’s concern about the increasing level of crime.

C.The public's confidence in the power of rational thought.

D.Economic insecurity resulting from the Industrial Revolution.

高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析

I. M. Pei, one of the best-known architects of the 20th century, has died. He was 102. Born in China, Ieoh Ming Pei moved to the United States in 1935 to study architecture at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University.

Pei’s works around the world include museums, government buildings, hotels, schools and other structures built with stone, steel and glass. One of his best-known and most disputed works was built 30 years ago. Pei created a new entrance for the world-famous Louvre Museum in Paris. Pei first spent four months studying the museum and French history. He then drew plans for a 21-meter-tall steel and glass id, with three smaller pyramids nearby. It was a very futuristic style of work for the 12th-century building.

A French newspaper criticized Pei’s pyramids as “an annex to Disneyland”. An environmental group said they belonged in a desert. Others accused Pei of ruining one of the world’s greatest landmarks.

Pei said the Louvre was the most difficult job of his career. He argued that he had wanted to create a modern space that would not take away from the traditional part of the museum. He said the glass pyramids were based on the works of French landscape architect Le Notre. They honored French history.

The pyramids opened in the spring of 1989. Over the years that followed, the structure came to be loved by most, if not all, of its critics.

Other well-known Pei buildings include the John F. Kennedy Library in Dorchester, Massachusetts, the National Center for Atmospheric Research in Boulder, Colorado, the East Wing of the National Gallery of Art in Washington and the Dallas City Hall in Texas. Pei officially retired in 1990. However, he continued to work on projects—including museums in Luxembourg, Qatar and his ancestral home of Suzhou.

1.What is true about the entrance created by Pei for the Louvre Museum?

A.Pei spent four mouths drawing plans for it. B.There are four pyramids in total.

C.It’s in a style of the 12th century. D.It took 30 years to complete the work.

2.What can we infer from Pei’s words in Paragraph 4?

A.The glass pyramids were originally designed by Le Notre.

B.The glass pyramids were based on the French landscape.

C.The glass pyramids were in harmony with the Louvre.

D.The glass pyramids reflected both French and Chinese style.

3.What were most people’s attitudes towards Pei’s pyramids years after its opening?

A.Indifferent. B.Puzzled.

C.Critical. D.Favorable.

4.What do we know about Pei according to the passage?

A.He was hardworking, optimistic and easygoing.

B.He spread Chinese traditional architecture to the world.

C.He created many great works both in China and other countries.

D.He was the most outstanding architect of the 20th century.

高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析

_____the 19th-century America, the novel Gone with the Wind tells the story of a woman facing war and starvation bravely.

A. Set up            B. Set down         C. Set in          D. Set off

高三英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析

Chinese restaurants began to open in America in the mid-19th century, mainly on the west coast where the first immigrants landed. They mostly served an Americanized version of Cantonese cuisine, chop suey, egg fu yung and the like. In that century and much of the 20th,the immigrants largely came from China's south-east, mainly Guangdong province.

After the immigration reforms of 1965, Chinese migrants from other regions started to arrive. Restaurants began calling their food "Hunan” and “Sichuan". Though their food rarely resembled what was actually eaten in those regions, it was more diverse and boldly spiced than the sweet, fried stuff that defined the earliest Chinese menus. By the 1990s adventurous diners in cities with sizeable Chinese populations could choose from a variety of regional cuisines. A particular favorite was Sichuan food, with its addictively numbing fire due to peppercorn.

Yet over the decades, as Chinese food became universal, it also came to be standardized. There are almost three times as many Chinese restaurants in America (41,000)as McDonald's. Virtually every small town has one. And generally the menus are consistent: pork dumplings （steamed or fried);the same two soups(hot and sour, wonton);stir-fries listed by main ingredient, with a pepper icon or star indicating a slight trace of chilli-flakes. Dishes over$10 are grouped under "chef's specials".

Until recently, the prices varied as little as the menus and they were low. Eddie Huang, a Taiwanese-American restaurateur, recalls how his newly-arrived father kept his prices down because" immigrants can't sell anything full-price in America."

Americans have traditionally been willing to pay through the nose at French or Italian joints （where, in fact, Latinos often do most of the cooking).And every city has its pricey sushi bars and expensive tapas restaurants(tapas, as one joke goes, is Spanish for"$96 and still hungry").　

Mr. Huang is right that Americans have long expected Chinese food to be cheap and filling. One step up from the urban takeaway, with its fluorescent lighting, is the Chinese restaurant with　 its red doors and fake lions standing guard, exotic enough to be special, but still affordable enough for a family to visit once a week when nobody feels like cooking. Even the superior outlets were cheap for what they served.

But now things are changing. Mr. Huang sells delicious stuffed buns in New York and Los Angeles for$5.50 each and encourages other immigrants not to undervalue their work.

Meanwhile, although racism persists, the previous discrimination of earlier ages has been fading. Since the Chinese-American population is six times what was 40 years ago, Americans overall are much more familiar with Chinese people and their cooking, all of which means that the new fancy breed of Chinese restaurants draws a heartening mix of Chinese and non-Chinese diners.

1.We can learn from the first three paragraphs that_

A.Cantonese cuisine was well received by Americans in the 19th century

B.Those so-called Hunan or Sichuan food in America tasted just as what was actually eaten in those regions

C.Nowadays Chinese restaurants are almost twice more than McDonald's in America

D.Americans prefer Hunan food because they have been addicted to peppercorn

2.Why was Chinese food sold at a lower price?

A.Americans have long expected Chinese food to be cheap and filling.

B.Earlier immigrants couldn't sell anything full-price in America.

C.Americans prefer French and Italian food.

D.Chinese restaurants face fierce price competition from other restaurants.

3.In what order did the author write the passage?

A.In order of importance.

B.In order of place.

C.In order of time.

D.In order of position.

4.What is the best title of this passage?

A.Immigration on a plate.

B.Americans' favourite cuisine.

C.Prejudice against Chinese immigrants.

D.Route to success.

高三英语阅读理解困难题查看答案及解析

The first textbooks ______ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.

A. having written   B. to be written

C. being written              D. written

高三英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析

Important change took place in the lives of women in the 19^th century. When men went out from their farms to cities to seek jobs in industry.  Peasant women had to take over the sowing, growing,and harvesting of the fields as well as caring for cattle and their children.                         When women also moved to the cities in search of work, they found that it was increasingly. separated by sex and that employment opportunities for women were limited to the lower-paid jobs. Later in the century, women in industry gathered mainly in cloth-making factories, though some worked in mining or took similarly difficult and tiring jobs.

In the 1800s, service work also absorbed(吸纳) a great number of women who arrived in the cities from the country. Young women especially took jobs as servants in middle-class and upper-class homes; and as more and more men were drawn into industry, domestic service(家庭服务) because increasingly a female job. In the second half of the century, however, chances of other service work also opened up to women, from sales jobs in shops to teaching and nursing. These jobs came to be done mainly by women and low paid.

For thousands of years, when almost all work was done on the family farm or in the family firm(家庭作坊)，home and workplace had been the same, In these cases, women could do farm work or hand work, and perform home duties such as child care and preparation of meals at the same time, Along with the development of industry, the central workplace, however, such as the factory and the department store, separated home from work, Faced with the necessity for women to choose between home and workplace, Western society began to give particular attention to the role of women as homemakers with more energy than ever before.

1.We learn from the first paragraph that ________ had been done chiefly by men before they went to cities to seek jobs.

A. mining, teaching, and nursing

B. sewing clothes and mining

C. sowing, growing, and harvesting

D. caring for cattle and growing crops

2.Domestic service because a female job mainly because ________.

A. women took care of children.

B. women took jobs as servants

C. men were employed in industry

D. men seldom worked in shops

3.we know from the passage that in the 1800s___________.

A. more and more women began to work in domestic service

B. women mainly worked as servants, nurses, and miners

C. service and industrial jobs absorbed more women than men

D. women enjoyed working as sellers, teachers, and miners

4.This passage is about ________ in the 19th century.

A. service and industry             B. female and male jobs

C. women and their work         D. female jobs and the pay

高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析

The modern competitive sport of weightlifting originated in 19th-century Europe and was included in the first modern Olympic Games in 1896. 1. At that time, simple competitions were held to see who could lift the heaviest weight.

The first worldwide weightlifting championships were held in London in 1891. At that time, there were no female competitors. Today, the World Weightlifting Championships, organized by the International Weightlifting Federation (IWF), are held every year. 2.

Weightlifting as an Olympic event got off to an unsmooth start. It was not held as a separate event in the first games held in 1896, but as a field event. 3. The sport returned to the Olympics again in 1904, this time as part of the athletics program. Not until 1920 did weightlifting make its real Olympic comeback. The 1920 Olympic Games, held in Antwerp, Belgium, marked weightlifting’s debut（首次露面）as a separate event. 4. Previously, weightlifters in the Olympics were all required to compete against each other, regardless of their size. One-hand lifting was dropped from the sport in 1928. Various weightlifting exercises were added and later removed over many years until 1972. 5. The 2000 Olympic Games in Sydney saw the introduction of the women’s competition, although the IWF has held the World Weightlifting Championships for women since 1987.

A. The 1940 and 1944 Games were canceled.

B. It is a sport in which barbells are lifted competitively.

C. The 1900 Games had no weightlifting presence at all.

D. The championships include 15 separate weight types for both men and women.

E. The 1972 Olympic Games finally presented the weightlifting program in its present form.

F. The sport, however, dates back to ancient civilizations including China, Egypt and Greece.

G. The Antwerp Games also introduced one-hand lifting and weight divisions to the new event.

高三英语七选五困难题查看答案及解析

In the 19th century, the "coming-of-age" novel became popular. In these stories, we read about1.（hero）growing into maturity from childhood.

David Copperfield, by British novelist Charles Dickens, is a good example of this type of story.2.tells the story of a gifted boy of the same name, 3.goes through many challenges in hopes of becoming a successful writer. Part of the reason Charles Dickens loved his own novel, David Copperfield, was that it4.（model）on his own life. In the novel, he related early personal experiences5.（mean）a lot to him, including his work in a factory, his education, and his efforts6.（publish）novels.

The novel takes place in the Victorian era（1837-1901）and contains Dickens` eritiques（批评）of his society and the anxiety surrounding the relationship7.social classes. It describes8.darkest parts of British society in that time, especially the9.（pain）circumstances of many children.

Young David suffers for his goal, 10.does he reach his dream of becoming a successful writer？Read the book to find out.

高三英语语法填空困难题查看答案及解析