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Air travel is growing around the globe, and so is its contribution to climate change. The climate cost of flying has drawn more public attention in recent years, even leading to“ flight shame” in some places, especially for local or avoidable flights.
And while a decline in air travel would help with climate change，flight shame can also be added by other ways that make air travel more environmentally friendly. That includes switching to cleaner，renewable fuel , but as a new study indicates , there's also another, less obvious option: flying at lower altitudes.
In a new study, researchers used computers to predict how adjusting aircraft altitudes might reduce the number of contrails(尾迹)，which we see as white lines across the sky containing black carbon particles (颗粒)，thus reducing their warming effect. The study found that aircraft would only need to adjust their altitudes by about 2 ,000 feet, and since some flights have a larger climate effect than others , only a small part of flights would need to make any adjustments.
Of course flying at a lower altitude might increase flying time and it also means burning significantly more fuel, and thus giving off more C02, but the benefits of controlling contrails are worth it.
In addition to changing altitudes，better engine technology could also help control contrails, the researchers add, since black carbon particles are produced by incomplete fuel combustion ( 燃烧). With more efficient engines, aircraft could reportedly reduce their contrail by as much as 70%。Combined with slight altitude adjustment for a small part of flights, this could help reduce overall contrail problems by 90%，the study suggests.
This is promising, but more research i still needed, and it may be a while before improvements like these take effect at a significant scale. So, while it's good to know air travel can have a smaller effect on the climate, for now the best way to achieve that is often by simply staying on the ground whenever possible.
1.What might be the effect of“flight shame" ?
A.People will avoid traveling by plane.
B.Airline companies will limit service targets.
C.The cost of air travelling will become higher.
D.People will feel shamed if they haven't taken a plane.
2.Why did the researchers suggest flying at lower altitudes?
A.Planes can travel faster. B.Planes can save more fuel.
C.Planes may give off less C02. D.Planes may have less warming effect.
3.What is mainly talked about in paragraph 5?
A.A way to change altitudes. B.The future of engine technology.
C.An approach to reducing contrails. D.The concept of incomplete combustion.
4.In which section of a website might this text appear?
A.Energy. B.Climate.
C.Finance. D.Safety. .
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
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Flying has shrunk the world! It’s now possible to travel around the globe quickly and easily. Jumping on a plane and jetting off on holiday or a business trip is the norm for many of us, and with the rise of budget airlines, the number of people taking to the skies is increasing. But while air travel is costing us less, the cost to the environment is going up.
Climate change is something we’re all aware of now, and aviation companies know that some of the blame for this is being pointed at them. Last year airlines were forecasted to use about 97bn gallons of jet fuel.
But while we could think twice about taking a flight in the first place, particularly a short trip that could be made by train, technology might be the answer to reducing emissions and minimising the environmental damage.
Recent developments have focused on reducing the amount of fuel airliners(大型客机) burn. Making flying green and sustainable was the hot topic at the recent Dubai Air Show. There was talk of advances in engine technology, making them more efficient, and possibly using biofuel to power aircraft.
Rios Galvan, a bioenergy expert and professor at Khalifa University in Abu Dhabi, told the BBC that “these have the capacity to reduce the carbon footprint anywhere between 50-80 percent when you compare them to fuels.”
And Phil Curnock, chief engineer of the civil future programme at Rolls-Royce, also suggested that electric hybrid engines (混合动力发动机) could play a part for smaller aircraft, covering shorter distances. He says “it offers the possibility of a carbon-neutral flight for a limited range.”
Of course, aircraft manufacturers are constantly looking at ways to make their planes more fuel efficient. Boeing’s Dreamliner, for example, is already in operation and uses 25 percent less fuel per passenger compared with aircraft of a similar size. Other improvements include better aircraft aerodynamics (空气动力学), changes to ways aircraft taxi (滑行) on runways, and the use of lighter materials.
1.What can we infer from Paragraph 1?
A.The earth gets smaller.
B.Budget airlines become popular.
C.Flying is favorite among passengers.
D.Air travel can do harm to environment.
2.What does the underlined word “minimising” mean?
A.Lowering. B.Consolidating.
C.Weakening. D.Increasing
3.Which of the following is true, according to the passage?
A.Boeing’s Dreamliner is a green aircraft.
B.Biofuel is a necessity to power airliners.
C.Electric hybrid engines have their limitations.
D.Ways will be found to reduce fuel consumption.
4.How can aircrafts be made more fuel efficient?
A.By bettering runways. B.By making smaller aircrafts.
C.By using the lighter materials. D.By using aircraft aerodynamics.
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
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Flying has shrunk the world! It's now possible to travel around the globe quickly and easily. Jumping on a plane and jetting off on holiday or a business trip is the norm for many of us, and with the rise of budget airlines, the number of people taking to the skies is increasing. But while air travel is costing us less, the cost to the environment is going up.
Climate change is something we're all aware of now, and aviation (航空)companies know that some of the blame for this is being pointed at them.
While we could think twice about taking a flight in the first place, particularly a short-haul trip that could be made by train, technology might be the answer to reducing emissions and minimising the environmental damage.
Recent developments have focused on reducing the amount of fuel airliners bum. Making flying green and sustainable was the hot topic at the recent Dubai Air Show. There was talk of advances in engine technology, making them more efficient, and possibly using bio-fuel to power aircraft.
Alejandro Rios Galvan, a bio-energy professor at Khalifa University in Abu Dhabi, told the BBC that "these have the capacity to reduce the carbon footprint anywhere between 50-80 percent when you compare them to fossil fuels."
Phil Curnock, chief engineer of the civil future programme at Rolls-Royce, also suggested that electric hybrid engines could play a part for smaller aircraft, covering shorter distances, which offers the possibility of a carbon-neutral flight for a limited range.
Of course, aircraft manufacturers are constantly looking at ways to make their planes more fuel efficient. Boeing's Dreamliner, for example, is already in operation and uses 25 percent less fuel per passenger compared with aircraft of a similar size. Other improvements include better aircraft aerodynamics (空气动力),changes to ways aircraft taxi on runways, and the use of lighter materials.
If we can't kick the flying habit, it seems these are the developments we need to make in order to ensure air travel is as green as possible. But aviation experts agree it’s going to take time.
1.What idea was presented in the recent Dubai Air Show?
A.Reducing budget airlines globally.
B.Replacing fossil fuels with bio-fuels.
C.Employing hybrid engines in aircraft.
D.Reducing carbon footprint via technology.
2.Why did the author mention Boeing's Dreamliner?
A.To show improvements in reducing fuel airliners bum.
B.To compare different aircraft of a similar size.
C.To prove the efficient use of lighter materials.
D.To inform the readers of an advanced aircraft.
3.Which is practical for us to do according to the text?
A.Cut down on our travel by plane.
B.Ensure our own air travel is green.
C.Look forward to technological development.
D.Call on aviation companies to reduce emissions.
4.What is the text mainly about?
A.Making flying greener for the environment.
B.Reducing the carbon footprint anywhere.
C.Blaming aviation companies for pollution.
D.Seeking answers to technological problems.
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
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The surprising experiment I am about to describe proves that air is all around you and that it proves down upon you. Air pressure is a wonderful force. When you swim underwater, you can feel water push down your body. The air all around you does the same. However, your body is so used to it that you do not notice this. The pressure is caused by a layer of air called the atmosphere. This layer surrounds the Earth, extending to about five kilometers above the Earth’s surface.
The following experiment is an easy one that you can do at home. But make sure that you are supervised, because you will need to use matches. Now foe the experiment！
What you need
·A hard-boiled egg without the shell
·A bottle with a neck slightly smaller than the egg
·A piece of paper
·A match
Metheod
1） Check that the paper will sit firmly on the neck of the bottle.
2） Tear the paper into strips and put the strips into the bottle.
3） Light the paper by dropping a burning match into the bottle.
4） Quickly sit the egg on the neck of the bottle.
Result
Astonishingly, the egg will be sucked into the bottle. Your friends will be amazed when you show them the experiment. But be careful when you handle matches.
Why it happened
As the paper burns, it needs oxygen and uses up the oxygen （air） in the bottle. The egg acts as a seal in the neck of the bottle, so no more air can get inside. This reduces the air pressure inside the bottle. The air pressure must equalize, so more air from outside must enter the bottle. The outside air pressure against the egg and then the egg is pushed into the bottle! The proves that air is all around and that it is pressing down on it.
1.Why is there the need to take care when you are doing the experiment?
A. The bottle could break.
B. You need to light the paper with a match.
C. The egg needs to be shelled.
D. The egg has to be perfectly placed on the neck of the bottle.
2.In the experiment, the burning inside the bottle can___.
A. equalize the air pressure inside and outside
B. make a seal in the neck of the bottle
C. finish up the oxygen inside the bottle
D. produce more oxygen inside the bottle
3.How did the egg put into the bottle？
A. The oxygen inside the bottle sucked the egg in.
B. It became salt without the shell.
C. The neck of the bottle was wide enough.
D. The outside air pressure forced it into the bottle.
4.The experiment is carried cut to prove ______.
A. water pushes on your body when you swim underwater.
B. the earth is surrounded by a layer of air called the atmosphere.
C. the pressure of air around us has a powerful force.
D. the air pressure is not equalized around us.
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
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The surprising experiment I am about to describe proves that air is all around you and that it proves down upon you．Air pressure is a wonderful force．When you swim underwater, you can feel water push down your body．The air all around you does the same．However, your body is so used to it that you do not notice this．The pressure is caused by a layer of air called the atmosphere．This layer surrounds the Earth, extending to about five kilometers above the Earth's surface．
The following experiment is an easy one that you can do at home．But make sure that you are supervised, because you will need to use matches．
What you need
·A hard-boiled egg without the shell
·A bottle with a neck slightly smaller than the egg
·A piece of paper
·A match
Method
1）Check that the paper will sit firmly on the neck of the bottle．
2）Tear the paper into strips and put the strips into the bottle．
3）Light the paper by dropping a burning match into the bottle．
4）Quickly sit the egg on the neck of the bottle．
Result
Astonishingly, the egg will be sucked into the bottle．Your friends will be amazed when you show them the experiment．But be careful when you handle matches．
Why it happened
As the paper burns, it needs oxygen and uses up the oxygen （air）in the bottle．The egg acts as a seal in the neck of the bottle, so no more air can get inside．This reduces the air pressure inside the bottle．The air pressure must equalize, so more air from outside must enter the bottle．The outside air presses against the egg and then the egg is pushed into the bottle! That proves that air is all around and that it is pressing down on it．
1.Why is there the need to take care when you are doing the experiment?
A．The bottle could break．
B．You need to light the paper with a match．
C．The egg needs to be shelled．
D．The egg has to be perfectly placed on the neck of the bottle．
2.In the experiment, the burning inside the bottle can__．
A．equalize the air pressure inside and outside
B．make a seal in the neck of the bottle
C．finish up the oxygen inside the bottle
D．produce more oxygen inside the bottle
3.How did the egg put into the bottle?
A．The oxygen inside the bottle sucked the egg in．
B．It became salt without the shell．
C．The neck of the bottle was wide enough．
D．The outside air pressure forced it into the bottle．
4.The experiment is carried out to prove ____．
A．water pushes on your body when you swim underwater
B．the earth is surrounded by a layer of air called the atmosphere
C．the pressure of air around us has a powerful force
D．the air pressure is not equalized around us
高三英语阅读理解简单题查看答案及解析
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The wonderful experiment I am going to introduce proves that air is just all around and that it presses down upon us. Air pressure is a wonderful force. When you swim underwater, you can feel water push down your body. The air all around you does the same. However, your body is so used to it that you do not notice this. The pressure is caused by a layer of air called the atmosphere. This layer surrounds the Earth, extending to about five kilometers above the Earth’s surface.
The following experiment is an easy one that you can do at home. But make sure that you are supervised, because you will need to use matches. Now for the experiment！
What you need:
·A hard-boiled egg without the shell
·A bottle with a neck slightly smaller than the egg
·A piece of paper
·A match
Method:
1） Check that the paper will sit firmly on the neck of the bottle.
2） Tear the paper into strips and put the strips into the bottle.
3） Light the paper by dropping a burning match into the bottle.
4）Quickly sit the egg on the neck of the bottle.
Result:
Astonishingly, the egg will be sucked into the bottle. Your friends will be amazed when you show them the experiment. But be careful when you handle matches.
Why it happened
As the paper burns, it needs oxygen and uses up the oxygen（air）in the bottle. The egg acts as a seal in the neck of the bottle, so no more air can get inside. This reduces the air pressure inside the bottle. The air pressure must equalize, so more air from outside must enter the bottle. The outside air pressure against the egg and then the egg is pushed into the bottle! This proves that air is all around and that it is pressing down on it.
1.Why is there the need to take care when you are doing the experiment?
A. The bottle could break.
B. You need to light the paper with a match.
C. The egg needs to be shelled.
D. The egg has to be perfectly placed on the neck of the bottle.
2.In the experiment, the burning inside the bottle can ________.
A. equalize the air pressure inside and outside
B. make a seal in the neck of the bottle
C. finish up the oxygen inside the bottle
D. produce more oxygen inside the bottle
3.How was the egg put into the bottle?
A. The oxygen inside the bottle sucked the egg in.
B. It became salt without the shell.
C. The neck of the bottle was wide enough.
D. The outside air pressure forced it into the bottle.
高三英语长对话或独白中等难度题查看答案及解析
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Do people travel to the other side of the globe until a one-year-old baby? Is it a smart idea? I wonder if I was crazy. I had various adventures—hut this trip would be different. This South American adventure would be a unique life experience of mine. I had given up many activities in order to please a little person, because Anders’ needs had to come first. At 30 years old, it was a difficult change for me, and I was occasionally annoyed when I realized that my son had taken away so many things from me.
Argentina is a long way from my home. It was even longer when I was on the plane and sharing a seal with such an active little boy, but Anders and I made it without angering any other passengers or getting any dirty looks. And we look a rest on a regular schedule.
I wanted to do some hikes in Argentina and drive ten hours to the coast to see penguins. However, when I thought about my travel partner, I gave up these ideas. Instead, we just hung out by lakes, picking up stones and throwing them in the water. I took short hikes, running with Anders in die backpack, knowing that I had two hours before his tolerance gave out and the complaining started.
I discovered that traveling with a baby opens new doors that aren’t there for a solo traveler or couple. Anders helped me to slow down and look at the landscape closely. I got to see Argentina through someone else’s eyes. The traveling wasn’t as fast-paced as it would have been if I had been alone, but the details were amazing. Now I just have to absorb that insight into our life back home.
1.What was the change for the author when she turned 30?
A. That she abandoned many activities to look after her son.
B. That she longed to take adventures without her son.
C. That her son took away everything from her.
D. That her son occasionally annoyed her.
2.What do we know about the author and her baby during the flight?
A. They made a travel schedule.
B. They shared a seat with each other.
C. They enjoyed a very pleasant flight.
D. They couldn’t tolerate other passengers.
3.Why did the author give up her ideas mentioned in the fourth paragraph?
A. Her baby didn’t like them.
B. Her baby’s tolerance gave out.
C. She desired more interesting activities.
D. She wanted to have her baby share the activities.
4.What does the author suggest travelers do in the end?
A. Travel with a baby.
B. Spend more time accompanying children.
C. Enjoy the details in their life.
D. Appreciate the scenery through a baby’s eyes.
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
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Statistically, air travel is by far the safest way to travel, and you can make flying even safer, just by following these simple rules. As your chances of being involved in an air accident are practically nil（零）, many of these tips concern what you should and shouldn't do to make your journey safer when you are airborne（升空的）.
● Fly on non-stop routes
Most accidents occur during the takeoff, climb, descent and landing phases of a flight, so flying non-stop reduces your exposure to these complex procedures.
● Choose larger aircraft.
Although small aircraft have very good safety records, those with more than 30 passenger seats are designed to comply（遵守）with much stricter regulations and are tested more regularly to make sure they still comply. Also, in the unlikely event of a serious accident, larger aircraft provide a better opportunity for passenger survival.
● Pay attention to the pre-flight safety briefing
The information may seem repetitious（重复的）, but it's worth listening to the flight attendants. And even if you’ve flown before, it doesn’t mean you know everything about the aircraft you're on, such as the location of the closest emergency exit.
● Store things safely
Never put very heavy articles in the overhead storage bins. They may fall out when someone opens the bin and cause injury. Also, the bin may not be able to hold heavier objects during turbulence（气流）.
● Keep our seat belt fastened while you are seated
Cabin crew always tell you this, but it’s important. You would be seriously injured if the plane hits unexpected turbulence. Always fasten your seat belt if you are told to. The general rule of flying is this: If you are told to do something, do it first and ask questions later.
● Let the flight attendant pour your hot drinks
Flight attendants are trained to handle hot drinks like coffee or tea in a crowded aisle on a moving aircraft, so allow them to pour the drink and hand it to you. Never ask to take a coffee pot from one of them.
1.What is the overall reason for these air safety tips?
A. What to do in the event of a crash.
B. How to avoid turbulence.
C. How to improve safety while you are flying.
D. How to avoid injury.
2.The underlined word “those” in the second tip refers to ____
A. smaller planes B. passengers
C. larger aircraft D. safety records
3.The underlined phrase “The general rule” in the fifth tip refers to ____.
A. anything the flight staff tell you to do B. general safety advice
C. walking around the plane D. pouring hot drinks
4.Which of the following is NOT true?
A. Larger planes have more safety checks and are safer in an accident.
B. Take-offs are safer on non-stop flights than landings.
C. Every aircraft is different, so the safety procedures may be different.
D. Seat belts should be worn to protect against turbulence.
5.The best title of the passage should be____.
A. The Safest Way to Travel B. Air Safety Tips
C. Non-stop Routes D. How to Fly a Plane
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
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Statistically, air travel is by far the safest way to travel, and you can make flying even safer, just by following these simple rules. As your chances of being involved in an air accident are practically nil (零), many of these tips concern what you should and shouldn't do to make your journey safer when you are airborne (升空的).
Fly on non-stop routes
Most accidents occur during the takeoff, climb, descent and landing phases of a flight, so flying non-stop reduces your exposure to these complex procedures.
Choose larger aircraft.
Although small aircraft have very good safety records, those with more than 30 passenger seats are designed to comply (遵守) with much stricter regulations and are tested more regularly to make sure they still comply. Also, in the unlikely event of a serious accident, larger aircraft provide a better opportunity for passenger survival.
Pay attention to the pre-flight safety briefing
The information may seem repetitious , but it's worth listening to the flight attendants. And even if you've flown before, it doesn't mean you know everything about the aircraft you're on, such as the location of the closest emergency exit.
Store things safely
Never put very heavy articles in the overhead storage bins. They may fall out when someone opens the bin and cause injury. Also, the bin may not be able to hold heavier objects during turbulence (气流).
Keep our seat belt fastened while you are seated
Cabin crew always tell you this, but it's important. You would be seriously injured if the plane hits unexpected turbulence. Always fasten your seat belt if you are told to. The general rule of flying is this: If you are told to do something, do it first and ask questions later.
Let the flight attendant pour your hot drinks
Flight attendants are trained to handle hot drinks like coffee or tea in a crowded aisle on a moving aircraft, so allow them to pour the drink and hand it to you. Never ask to take a coffee pot from one of them.
1.What is the overall reason for these air safety tips?
A. What to do in the event of a crash.
B. How to avoid turbulence.
C. How to improve safety while you are flying.
D. How to avoid injury.
2.The underlined word "those" in the second tip refers to _______.
A. smaller planes B. passengers C. larger aircraft D. safety records
3.The underlined phrase "The general rule" in the fifth tip refers to _______.
A. anything the flight staff tell you to do
B. general safety advice
C. walking around the plane
D. pouring hot drinks
4.Which of the following is NOT true?
A. Larger planes have more safety checks and are safe in an accident.
B. Take-offs are safer on non-stop flights than landings.
C. Every aircraft is different, so the safety procedures may be different.
D. Seat belts should be worn to protect against turbulence.
5.The best title of the passage should be _______.
A. The Safest Way to Travel B. Air Safety Tips
C. Non-stop Routes D. How to Fly a Plane
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
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Statistically, air travel is by far the safest way to travel and you can make flying even safer, just by following these simple rules． As your chances of being involved in an air accident are practically nil（零）, many of these rules concern what you should and shouldn’t do to make your journey safer when you are in the air.
●Fly on non-stop routes
Most accidents occur during the take off, climb, descent and landing period of a flight, so flying non-stop reduces your exposure to these complicated procedures.
●Choose larger aircraft
Although small aircrafts have very good safety records, those with more than 30 passenger seats are designed to comply（遵守 ）with much stricter regulations and are tested more regularly to make sure they still comply. Also, in the unlikely event of a serious accident, larger aircrafts provide a better opportunity for passenger survival.
●Pay attention to the pre-flight safety briefing（简报）
The information may seem to be repeated, but it's worth listening to the flight attendants. And even if you have flown before, it doesn't mean you know everything about the aircraft you're on, such as the location of the closest emergency exit.
●Store things safely
Never put very heavy articles in the overhead storage bins. They may fall out when someone opens the bin and cause injury. Also, the bin may not be able to hold heavier objects during the violent movements of air caused by the wind.
●Keep your seat belt fastened while you are seated
Cabin crew always tell you this, but it's important. You could be seriously injured if the plane hits the violent movement of air unexpectedly. Always fasten your seat belt if you are told to. The general rule of flying is this: If you are told to do something, do it first and ask questions later.
●Let the flight attendant pour your hot drinks
Flight attendants are trained to handle hot drinks like coffee or tea in a crowded aisle on a moving aircraft, so allow them to pour the drink and hand it to you. Never ask to take a coffee pot from one of them.
1.What is
the general reason for these air safety rules?A. What to do in the event of a crash.
B. How to avoid sudden change.
C. How to improve safety while you are flying.
D. How to avoid injury.
2.The underlined phrase "The general rule" in the fifth refers to .
A. anything the flight staff tell you to do
B. general safety advice
C. walking around the plane
D. pouring hot drinks
3.Which of the following is NOT true?
A. larger planes have more safety checks and are safer in an accident.
B. Take-offs are safer on non-stop flights than landing.
C. Every aircraft is different, so the safety procedures may be different.
D. Seat belts should be worn to protect against sudden change.
4.The best title should be .
A. The safest way to travel B. Air safety tips
C. Non-stop Routes D. How to take a plane
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
the general reason for these air safety rules?