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Over 2. 5 quintillion （1018） bytes of data are created each day. Many of them consist of information that would allow people to be personally identified.
At the same time that we share our personal information, there is a growing concern with how that information is being gathered, stored, used and shared. While many economies like Canada and the EU have privacy laws dating back to the mid-1990s, changes to data practices in the past five years have motivated governments to review or update existing laws.
Changes to privacy laws are being fuelled by growing public concerns with the idea of unrestricted data accumulation and use. For instance, earlier this year, the World Economic Forum found that 1/3 of global citizens have no idea about how their personal information is used and that trust is lacking.
Privacy laws are changing to deal with the real and noticed risks of harm which result from the under-regulated or unregulated data economy. The EU has introduced big reform to laws which are aimed at protecting privacy. The EU's General Data Protection Regulation （GDPR） introduced strict requirements for those that control or process the personal data of the people who live in the EU. The GDPR's stated goals focus on the protection and basic rights of personal information. Certain US states are also entering the ring in the fight for control over personal data. They have passed or are actively considering privacy laws. California is out front. The California Consumer Privacy Act （CCPA） provides greater control to individuals over their personal information. There is a sense that privacy laws are on the near horizon in the US.
These are two examples that are actively pursuing more progressive privacy laws. One important consideration is to harmonize global standards for best law practices. This will ease compliance （遵守）across border and provide a valuable signal to the public that governments are keeping pace with rapid change.
1.What's the cause of the change of privacy laws?
A.A growing need for information. B.Public concerns over data security.
C.General awareness of data control. D.Collection of personal information.
2.How does Paragraph 4 develop?
A.By giving examples. B.By listing statistics.
C.By analyzing reasons. D.By making comparisons.
3.What is an important consideration for global law makers?
A.The practice of laws in different fields.
B.The reflection of reality in different eras.
C.The consistency of laws in different regions.
D.The adaptation to changes in different societies.
4.What is the passage mainly about?
A.EU passes new laws for privacy protection.
B.Governments ignore the violation of personal privacy.
C.Privacy laws are changing to protect personal information.
D.People lack the awareness of personal information protection.
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
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It is not unusual for universities to create a range of new courses each semester. A recently-launched course at Fudan University has become a hit both on and off campus.
Just how popular is it? In the first round of course selection, more than 1,000 students chose the course, Breaking Myths (似是而非). Only 258 were lucky enough to get seats in the classroom.
The course, titled with a Chinese phrase meaning “apparently right, but actually wrong”, aims to discuss the differences between science and pseudoscience (伪科学) in different subject areas.
Pseudoscience includes beliefs, theories or practices that are considered scientific but which actually have no supporting data.
Scientists around the world worry about its influence on people. To help young people tell the two apart, Fudan University launched the new course. It brings together 12 professors from fields including literature, science and medicine, with a total of 17 subjects to be discussed.
These topics include the probable risks of vaccination; whether genes are our destiny (宿命); and whether mobile phone radiation is harmful. The aim of the course, according to the university, is to remove prejudices and provide new ways of thinking.
Speaking to China Youth Daily, Fudan University undergraduate Jiang Xinyi said, “In the era of prevalent (盛行的) fake news, both my classmates and I hope to enhance our judgment through this course.
Lou Hongwei, one of the course lecturers, said, pseudoscience attempts to claim the credibility of real sciences without the research findings to support its claims. He explained one such math fallacy (谬误): “Should people prefer community health centers to a comprehensive Grade A hospital if data shows a lower death rate at the former?” Some people do. But according to Lou, hospitals deal with more deadly conditions, so more deaths can be expected there.
Such logical fallacies are widespread, hard to resist but actually unreasonable, he concluded.
Fudan is not the first university to offer such a course. Many other universities around the world also teach skepticism of pseudoscience. As part of its philosophy (哲学) degree, the University of St Andrews, in Scotland, offers a course called “Scientific Thinking”. In the United States, the University of Nebraska Omaha offers a Science and Critical Thinking course as part of its natural science degree.
Like Fudan University, they examine popular pseudoscientific subjects including ghosts, psychics (通灵) and space aliens. They also focus on distinctions between science and non-science, errors in reasoning and critical thinking.
1.Why did Fudan University offer students the new course?
A.To get more students interested in science.
B.To help students develop scientific thinking.
C.To broaden students’ science knowledge.
D.To promote more teacher-student interaction.
2.Why did the author quote Lou Hongwei’s words in Paragraph 8?
A.To show the best way to identify fallacies.
B.To describe the features of the new course.
C.To show how pseudoscience can be hard to distinguish.
D.To explain the differences between science and pseudoscience.
3.What are the last two paragraphs mainly about?
A.Many universities offer similar courses to Fudan’s new one.
B.Scepticism of pseudoscience has become the recent focus of attention.
C.Popular pseudoscientific topics were specially chosen for philosophy majors.
D.The ability of reasoning is highly valued in various courses.
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
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Google has been collecting tons of data about smartphone usage around the world． Here are some of the most surprising and interesting facts:
Android is most popular in Japan, with 55% of respondents（调查对象） using it, compared with 39% for iOS．Android is also number one in a few other countries, including New Zealand （41%）, the US（40%）, and China （38%）．
iOS is farthest ahead in Switzerland, with 52% usage vs 23% for Android．Other countries where iOS is far ahead include Australia （49% vs 25% Android）, Canada （45% vs 23% Android and 23% Blackberry）, and France （43% vs 25% Android）．
In Egypt, Windows Mobile is far more popular than iOS．13% of survey respondents use the Microsoft smartphone platform, behind Symbian （19%） and Android （14%）． iOS is very far down at 4%．
Mobile social networking is biggest in Mexico and Argentina, where 74% and 73% of users visit a social network daily．But mobile-social is weak in Japan where 34% of users never visit a social network on their phone, and this figure rises to41% in Brazil．
Watching video is most popular in Saudi Arabia, with 59% of respondents doing it daily．Number two is Egypt, with 41%．
Chinese users shop from their phones．59% of Chinese users do this, compared with only 41% in second-place Egypt．Chinese users also love to write reviews．41% of them write a review of a local business after looking it up on their smartphone．Number two, Japan, is far behind, with only 24% of respondents doing this．
1.Which of the following best describes the usage of the smartphone operating systems in Egypt?
A．Windows Mobile＞iOS＞Symbian＞Android
B．Android＞Windows Mobile＞iOS＞Symbian
C．iOS＞Android＞Symbian＞Windows Mobile
D．Symbian＞Android＞Windows Mobile＞iOS
2.In which of the following countries is mobile social networking least popular?
A．Brazil． B． Japan． C．Mexico． D．Argentina．
3.In which section of a newspaper can we most probably read the passage?
A． Health． B． Environment． C． Technology． D． Entertainment．
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
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Google has been collecting tons of data about smartphone usage around the world. Here are some of the most surprising and interesting facts：
Android is most popular in Japan, with 55% of respondents(调查对象) using it, compared with 39% for iOS.Android is also number one in a few other countries, including New Zealand (41%), the US(40%), and China (38%)．
iOS is farthest ahead in Switzerland, with 52% usage vs 23% for Android.Other countries where iOS is far ahead include Australia (49% vs 25% Android), Canada (45% vs 23% Android and 23% Blackberry), and France (43% vs 25% Android)．
In Egypt, Windows Mobile is far more popular than iOS.13% of survey respondents use the Microsoft smartphone platform, behind Symbian (19%) and Android (14%). iOS is very far down at 4%.
Mobile social networking is biggest in Mexico and Argentina, where 74% and 73% of users visit a social network daily.But mobilesocial is weak in Japan where 34% of users never visit a social network on their phone, and this figure rises to 41% in Brazil.
Watching video is most popular in Saudi Arabia, with 59% of respondents doing it daily.Number two is Egypt, with 41%.
Chinese users shop from their phones.59% of Chinese users do this, compared with only 41% in secondplace Egypt.Chinese users also love to write reviews.41% of them write a review of a local business after looking it up on their smartphone.Number two, Japan, is far behind, with only 24% of respondents doing this.
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1.Which of the following best describes the usage of the smartphone operating systems in Egypt?
A．Windows Mobile＞iOS＞Symbian＞Android
B．Android＞Windows Mobile＞iOS＞Symbian
C．iOS＞Android＞Symbian＞Windows Mobile
D．Symbian＞Android＞Windows Mobile＞iOS
2.In which of the following countries is mobile social networking least popular?
A．Brazil. B．Japan.
C．Mexico. D．Argentina.
3.In which section of a newspaper can we most probably read the passage?
A. Health. B. Environment.
C. Technology. D. Entertainment.
高三英语阅读理解困难题查看答案及解析
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His comprehensive surveys have provided the most statements of how, and on what basis, data are collected.
A. explicit B. ambiguous
C. original D. arbitrary
高三英语单项填空困难题查看答案及解析
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His comprehensive surveys have provided the most statements of how, and on what basis, data are collected.
A.original B.ambiguous C.explicit D.arbitrary
高三英语单项填空简单题查看答案及解析
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Every day, we are inching closer to some kind of artificial intelligence. Advances in big data, machine learning and robotics are going to give us a world where computers are effectively intelligent in terms of how we deal with them. Should you be scared by this? Absolutely, but not in the usual “robot overlords” (机器人帝国) kind of way. Instead, the real fear should be about getting human beings wrong, not getting AI right.
The key to the technology is the ability of computers to recognize human emotions based on the ‘‘activation” of muscles in the face. A computer can identify the positions of facial muscles and use them to infer the emotional state of its user. Then the machine responds in ways that take that emotional state into account.
One potential application of it is to provide “emotional robots” for the elderly. Having a machine that could speak in a kind way would comfort a lonely older person. That is a good thing, right? But that won’t also relieve us from questioning how we ended up in a society that takes care of the elderly because we don’t know what else to do with them? Can’t we have more humane solutions than robots?
“Emotion data” aren’t the same thing as the real and vivid emotional experiences we human beings have. Our emotions are more than our faces or voices. How can they be pulled out like a thread, one by one, from the fabric of our being?
Research programs can come with much philosophical concern, too. From the computers’ point of view, what the computing technology captures are emotions, but at its root is a reduction of human experience whose outward expressions can be captured algorithmically (计算上). As the technology is used in the world, it can reframe the world in ways that can be hard to escape from.
The technology will clearly have useful applications, but once it treats emotions as data, we may find that it is the only aspect of emotion we come to recognize or value. Once billions of dollars floods into this field, we will find ourselves trapped in a technology that is reducing our lives. Even worse, our “emotion data” will be used against us to make money for someone else. And that is what scares me about AI.
1.Why does the author feel scared of the development of artificial intelligence?
A. The technology is developing much too slowly.
B. Computers can’t recognize human emotions.
C. Robots would get control of human beings.
D. People may use artificial intelligence improperly.
2.Why does the author dislike the idea of providing “emotional robots” for the elderly?
A. The aged people will find it hard to live with them.
B. What elderly people need is much more than that.
C. It can’t relieve us of the pressure from modern society.
D. It’s impossible to use them to keep the elderly healthy.
3.What does the author intend to conclude in Paragraphs 4 and 5?
A. Emotional data can’t be equal to human emotions.
B. AI technology itself has fewer and fewer faults.
C. AI-built-in robots won’t have the ability to understand human beings.
D. The information computers get can reframe human emotions.
4.How does the author think about ‘‘emotion data” according to the last paragraph?
A. It can arouse people’s sense of value.
B. It can improve people’s human experience.
C. It may be misused as a tool to make profits.
D. It may push the AI technology forward.
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
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Thanks to the Internet, we have_________ to data quickly and effectively, regardless of where we are and what we are doing.
A. access B. passage
C. way D. approach
高三英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析
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B
In the United States alone, over 100 million cell-phones are thrown away each year. Cell-phones are part of a growing mountain of electronic waste like computers and personal digital assistants. The electronic waste stream is increasing three times faster than traditional garbage as a whole.
Electronic devices contain valuable metals such as gold and silver. A Swiss study reported that while the weight of electronic goods represented by precious metals was relatively small in comparison to total waste, the concentration (含量) of gold and other precious metals was higher in So-called e-waste than in naturally occurring minerals.
Electronic wastes also contain many poisonous metals. Even when the machines are recycled and the harmful metals removed, the recycling process often is carried out in poor countries, in practically uncontrolled ways which allow many poisonous substances to escape into the environment.
Creating products out of raw materials creates much more waste material, up to 100 times more, than the material contained in the finished products. Consider again the cell-phone, and imagine the mines that produced those metals, the factories needed to make the box and packaging(包装) it came in. Many wastes produced in the producing process are harmful as well.
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency notes that most waste is dangerous in that “the production, distribution, and use of products — as well as management of the resulting waste — all result in greenhouse gas release.” Individuals can reduce their contribution by creating less waste at the start — for instance, buying reusable products and recycling.
In many countries the concept of extended producer responsibility is being considered or has been put in place as an incentive (动机) for reducing waste. If producers are required to take back packaging they use to sell their products, would they reduce the packaging in the first place?
Governments’ incentive to require producers to take responsibility for the packaging they produce is usually based on money. Why, they ask, should cities or towns be responsible for paying to deal with the bubble wrap (气泡垫) that encased your television?
From the governments’ point of view, a primary goal of laws requiring extended producer responsibility is to transfer both the costs and the physical responsibility of waste management from the government and tax-payers back to the producers.
1.By mentioning the Swiss study, the author intends to tell us that _________ .
A. the weight of e-goods is rather small
B. E-waste deserves to be made good use of
C. natural minerals contain more precious metals
D. the percentage of precious metals is heavy in e-waste
2.The responsibility of e-waste treatment should be extended _________ .
A. from producers to governments
B. from governments to producers
C. from individuals to distributors
D. from distributors to governments
3.What does the passage mainly talk about?
A. The increase in e-waste.
B. The creation of e-waste.
C. The seriousness of e-waste.
D. The management of e-waste.
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
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Homelessness is a huge problem all over the world. It’s said that each day there are about 1 million people living on the streets in the US. It is a serious problem which should be dealt with effectively.
There are two main reasons for people leaving their homes: poverty and less affordable houses due to bad economic conditions. Other reasons include: domestic violence, divorce, and mental illness. Living without a home makes people main targets of violence activities and besides, these homeless people have to face the following difficulties on a daily basis.
They have to move about, carrying their belongings, which makes it difficult for the charity and the government to help them. They have limited access to bathrooms and restrooms and are forced to live in dirty conditions, making them easy to be attacked by diseases. They have limited access to health-care facilities in case of emergency, and almost no access to education as they have no money. They are often ill-treated by society, which makes them unfriendly, often ending up being involved in activities connected with crime like selling drugs or guns.
Homelessness is not something that happened overnight --- it has been in the country for decades. The society usually believes those living on the street to be mentally unstable. This belief is partially true. Most of them are normal people just like you and me.
The federal government is doing all it can to help but it is not enough, so the ordinary citizens have to stand up and try to help whenever it’s possible. There are various organizations, such as charity organizations that are working constantly to make sure that homeless people find a shelter to live in. the united efforts have helped millions of people return to their normal lifestyle. However, there is still a long way to go before a better situation is created for all the homeless.
1.Homeless people suffer from all the following except __________.
A．violent activities B．disease attack C．moving a lot D．heavy work
2.The homeless are usually treated as __________.
A．having mental problems B．a danger to society
C．physically disabled people D．being too lazy to do anything
3.Which of the following are mentioned to help solve the problem of the homeless?
① the government ② homeless people ③ charity organizations ④ the ordinary citizens
A．①②③ B．①③④ C．①②④ D．②③④
4.What can we learn from the passage?
A．Most homeless people died of hunger and cold.
B．The homeless should work hard to change their own situation.
C．The homeless problem is a serious problem that need solving effectively.
D．The homeless people have nothing to take when they move about.
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析