Turtles have an unfortunate habit of eating plastic objects floating in the sea. These cannot be digested and may ultimately kill them. It is widely assumed that this fondness for plastics is a matter of mistaken identity. Drifting plastic bags, for instance, look similar to jellyfish (水母), which many types of turtles love to eat. Yet lots of plastic objects that end up inside turtles have no similarity to jellyfish. Joseph Pfaller of the University of Florida therefore suspects that the smell of marine microorganisms (海洋微生物) which grow on floating plastic objects fools turtles into feeding.
The idea that the smell of floating plastic objects might lure animals to their death first emerged in 2016. Researchers at the University of California noticed that certain chemicals, notably dimethyl sulphide (二甲基硫), which are released into the air by floating plastics, are those which many seabirds sniff (嗅) to track down food. These chemicals mark good places to hunt because they indicate plenty of the algae (海藻) and bacteria (细菌). The researchers also found that birds which pursue their food in this way are five or six times more likely to eat plastic than those which do not.
Since turtles are known to break the surface periodically and sniff the air when finding the way to their feeding areas, Dr Pfaller theorised that they are following these same chemicals, and are likewise fooled into thinking that floating plastic objects are eatable.
To test that idea, he and his colleagues set up an experiment. They arranged for 15 turtles to be exposed to four smells: the vapour from deionised water; the smell of turtle-feeding balls made of shrimp and fish meal; the smell of a clean plastic bottle chopped up into ten pieces; and the smell of a similarly chopped bottle that had been kept in the ocean for five weeks to allow algae and bacteria to grow on it.
Two of the smells proved far more attractive to the animals than the others. When sniffing both the smell of food balls and that of five-week-old bottles, turtles kept their nostrils out of the water more than three times as long, and took twice as many breaths as they did when what was on offer was the smell of fresh bottle-plastic or deionised-water vapour.
Though they have not yet tested whether dimethyl sulphide is the culprit, Dr Pfaller and his colleagues think it is the most likely candidate. In an unpolluted ocean, pretty well anything which had this smell would be eatable— or, at least, harmless. Unfortunately, five-week-old plastic bottles and their like are not.
1.Paragraph 1 mainly tells us that turtles ________.
A.mistake plastic objects for jellyfish
B.are fooled into eating plastics by a smell
C.are dying out as a result of plastic pollution
D.break down plastics without much difficulty
2.What can we infer from the research on seabirds?
A.Seabirds eat plastics for the taste.
B.The algae and bacteria grow well on plastics.
C.Researchers got the idea from the study of turtles.
D.Some seabirds pursue food in a similar way to turtles.
3.Dr Pfaller’s research shows_______.
A.turtles prefer the smell of plastics
B.turtles live on marine microorganisms
C.dimethyl sulphide may be to blame for turtles’ death
D.plastics release the same chemicals as microorganisms
4.What is the purpose of the passage?
A.To propose a new way to study turtles.
B.To stress the importance of improving ecosystem.
C.To introduce the findings on the cause of turtles’ death.
D.To explain the effects of plastic pollution on sea animals.
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题
Turtles have an unfortunate habit of eating plastic objects floating in the sea. These cannot be digested and may ultimately kill them. It is widely assumed that this fondness for plastics is a matter of mistaken identity. Drifting plastic bags, for instance, look similar to jellyfish (水母), which many types of turtles love to eat. Yet lots of plastic objects that end up inside turtles have no similarity to jellyfish. Joseph Pfaller of the University of Florida therefore suspects that the smell of marine microorganisms (海洋微生物) which grow on floating plastic objects fools turtles into feeding.
The idea that the smell of floating plastic objects might lure animals to their death first emerged in 2016. Researchers at the University of California noticed that certain chemicals, notably dimethyl sulphide (二甲基硫), which are released into the air by floating plastics, are those which many seabirds sniff (嗅) to track down food. These chemicals mark good places to hunt because they indicate plenty of the algae (海藻) and bacteria (细菌). The researchers also found that birds which pursue their food in this way are five or six times more likely to eat plastic than those which do not.
Since turtles are known to break the surface periodically and sniff the air when finding the way to their feeding areas, Dr Pfaller theorised that they are following these same chemicals, and are likewise fooled into thinking that floating plastic objects are eatable.
To test that idea, he and his colleagues set up an experiment. They arranged for 15 turtles to be exposed to four smells: the vapour from deionised water; the smell of turtle-feeding balls made of shrimp and fish meal; the smell of a clean plastic bottle chopped up into ten pieces; and the smell of a similarly chopped bottle that had been kept in the ocean for five weeks to allow algae and bacteria to grow on it.
Two of the smells proved far more attractive to the animals than the others. When sniffing both the smell of food balls and that of five-week-old bottles, turtles kept their nostrils out of the water more than three times as long, and took twice as many breaths as they did when what was on offer was the smell of fresh bottle-plastic or deionised-water vapour.
Though they have not yet tested whether dimethyl sulphide is the culprit, Dr Pfaller and his colleagues think it is the most likely candidate. In an unpolluted ocean, pretty well anything which had this smell would be eatable— or, at least, harmless. Unfortunately, five-week-old plastic bottles and their like are not.
1.Paragraph 1 mainly tells us that turtles ________.
A.mistake plastic objects for jellyfish
B.are fooled into eating plastics by a smell
C.are dying out as a result of plastic pollution
D.break down plastics without much difficulty
2.What can we infer from the research on seabirds?
A.Seabirds eat plastics for the taste.
B.The algae and bacteria grow well on plastics.
C.Researchers got the idea from the study of turtles.
D.Some seabirds pursue food in a similar way to turtles.
3.Dr Pfaller’s research shows_______.
A.turtles prefer the smell of plastics
B.turtles live on marine microorganisms
C.dimethyl sulphide may be to blame for turtles’ death
D.plastics release the same chemicals as microorganisms
4.What is the purpose of the passage?
A.To propose a new way to study turtles.
B.To stress the importance of improving ecosystem.
C.To introduce the findings on the cause of turtles’ death.
D.To explain the effects of plastic pollution on sea animals.
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
A recent trend in California restaurants shows new eating habits among those out to have an interesting dining experience. Appetizer(开胃品)seem to be the name of the games as diners turn away from the more traditional three-course meal in favor of smaller snacks sampled in various types of restaurants, bars and cafes. In this way, in the course of an evening out, you might go to a restaurant for a tasty dish to eat at one end of town, to a bar with some live music at the other end, then for a coffee, and finally back to the restaurant for a further appetizer.
Reasons for this trend are the fact that so many different types of restaurants have been set up recently, each with their own particular type of food and special atmosphere, combined with the increased quality in the type of snacks being offered. Gone are the cheese sticks of the old days, when appetizers were not really taken seriously. Some favorite snacks of the moment are slices of hot pizza, creamy fish-based dishes and crispy cakes and so on.
Prices for appetizers arc not equal to a full meal; however, their new popularity has meant that are by no means as cheap as they used to be. Certainly, for that special occasion, a meal in a nice restaurant, complete with the piano performance, is hard to beat. However, if we see that this trend for “butterfly eating” ---moving around several different places in one evening---continues, then all the traditional style restaurants may well have to provide their own appetizer bars as well!
1.Which of the following could best reflect the change of California people’s eating habits?
A. People love more interesting restaurants.
B. Most people eat less than they used to.
C. A full restaurant meal is losing popularity.
D. Food is combined with sports and games. .
2.What can we learn from Paragraph 2 that .
A. appetizers used to be relatively important
B. the quality of snacks has been improved
C. restaurants have to cater for different customers
D. new-style appetizers fueled the boom of catering business
3.Diners who prefer appetizers of new types .
A. will be charged more
B. will be served better
C. can enjoy music performance
D. can eat in their neighborhood
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
Elephants have their own way to tell the shape of an object and ________ it is rough or smooth .
A. 不填 B. whether C. how D. what
高三英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析
Elephants have their own way to tell the shape of an object and _________ it is rough or smooth.
A.不填 B.whether C.how D.what
高三英语单项填空简单题查看答案及解析
Elephants have their own way to tell the shape of an object and _________ it is rough or smooth.
A.不填 B.whether C.how D.what
高三英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析
Plastic-Eating Worms
Humans produce more than 300 million tons of plastic every year. Almost half of that winds up in landfills(垃圾填埋场), and up to 12 million tons pollute the oceans. So far there is no effective way to get rid of it, but a new study suggests an answer may lie in the stomachs of some hungry worms.
Researchers in Spain and England recently found that the worms of the greater wax moth can break down polyethylene, which accounts for 40% of plastics. The team left 100 wax worms on a commercial polyethylene shopping bag for 12 hours, and the worms consumed and broke down about 92 milligrams, or almost 3% of it. To confirm that the worms’ chewing alone was not responsible for the polyethylene breakdown, the researchers made some worms into paste(糊状物) and applied it to plastic films. 14 hours later the films had lost 13% of their mass — apparently broken down by enzymes (酶) from the worms’ stomachs. Their findings were published in Current Biology in 2017.
Federica Bertocchini, co-author of the study, says the worms’ ability to break down their everyday food — beeswax — also allows them to break down plastic. "Wax is a complex mixture, but the basic bond in polyethylene, the carbon-carbon bond, is there as well, "she explains, "The wax worm evolved a method or system to break this bond. "
Jennifer DeBruyn, a microbiologist at the University of Tennessee, who was not involved in the study, says it is not surprising that such worms can break down polyethylene. But compared with previous studies, she finds the speed of breaking down in this one exciting. The next step, DeBruyn says, will be to identify the cause of the breakdown. Is it an enzyme produced by the worm itself or by its gut microbes(肠道微生物)?
Bertocchini agrees and hopes her team’s findings might one day help employ the enzyme to break down plastics in landfills. But she expects using the chemical in some kind of industrial process — not simply "millions of worms thrown on top of the plastic."
1.What can we learn about the worms in the study?
A.They take plastics as their everyday food.
B.They are newly evolved creatures.
C.They can consume plastics.
D.They wind up in landfills.
2.According to Jennifer DeBruyn, the next step of the study is to .
A.identify other means of the breakdown
B.find out the source of the enzyme
C.confirm the research findings
D.increase the breakdown speed
3.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that the chemical might .
A.help to raise worms
B.help make plastic bags
C.be used to clean the oceans
D.be produced in factories in future
4.What is the main purpose of the passage?
A.To explain a study method on worms.
B.To introduce the diet of a special worm.
C.To present a way to break down plastics.
D.To propose new means to keep eco-balance.
高三英语阅读理解困难题查看答案及解析
Plastic-Eating Worms
Humans produce more than 300 million tons of plastic every year. Almost half of that winds up in landfills(垃圾填埋场), and up to 12 million tons pollute the oceans. So far there is no effective way to get rid of it, but a new study suggests an answer may lie in the stomachs of some hungry worms.
Researchers in Spain and England recently found that the worms of the greater wax moth can break down polyethylene, which accounts for 40% of plastics. The team left 100 wax worms on a commercial polyethylene shopping bag for 12 hours, and the worms consumed and broke down about 92 milligrams, or almost 3% of it. To confirm that the worms’ chewing alone was not responsible for the polyethylene breakdown, the researchers made some worms into paste(糊状物) and applied it to plastic films. 14 hours later the films had lost 13% of their mass — apparently broken down by enzymes (酶) from the worms’ stomachs. Their findings were published in Current Biology in 2017.
Federica Bertocchini, co-author of the study, says the worms’ ability to break down their everyday food — beeswax — also allows them to break down plastic. "Wax is a complex mixture, but the basic bond in polyethylene, the carbon-carbon bond, is there as well, "she explains, "The wax worm evolved a method or system to break this bond. "
Jennifer DeBruyn, a microbiologist at the University of Tennessee, who was not involved in the study, says it is not surprising that such worms can break down polyethylene. But compared with previous studies, she finds the speed of breaking down in this one exciting. The next step, DeBruyn says, will be to identify the cause of the breakdown. Is it an enzyme produced by the worm itself or by its gut microbes(肠道微生物)?
Bertocchini agrees and hopes her team’s findings might one day help employ the enzyme to break down plastics in landfills. But she expects using the chemical in some kind of industrial process — not simply "millions of worms thrown on top of the plastic."
1.What can we learn about the worms in the study?
A.They take plastics as their everyday food.
B.They are newly evolved creatures.
C.They can consume plastics.
D.They wind up in landfills.
2.According to Jennifer DeBruyn, the next step of the study is to .
A.identify other means of the breakdown
B.find out the source of the enzyme
C.confirm the research findings
D.increase the breakdown speed
3.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that the chemical might .
A.help to raise worms
B.help make plastic bags
C.be used to clean the oceans
D.be produced in factories in future
4.What is the main purpose of the passage?
A.To explain a study method on worms.
B.To introduce the diet of a special worm.
C.To present a way to break down plastics.
D.To propose new means to keep eco-balance.
高三英语阅读理解困难题查看答案及解析
Most parents are not __________ the danger of their babies’ eating jelly, which causes most unfortunate incidents to happen.
A.well aware to | B.very aware of | C.aware that | D.well aware of |
高三英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析
Healthy eating habits have positive effects on everyone. However, students can especially benefit from meeting the particular nutritional demands of the school day. To be good academically, children must be physically able to attend class and focus on the tasks at hand. Math, language study, reading and creative thinking also require physical support from food energy and nutrients. 1.
Attendance:2.Getting enough nutrition keeps you from taking sick days and missing out on daily lessons. Eating a healthy breakfast makes you more likely to achieve your daily nutritional goals. This keeps your body strong and less likely to fall ill.
Focus: School is a social network that requires cooperation from students, teachers and staff. 3.Hunger makes you hard to focus and easy to get angry. In contrast, eating a healthy breakfast keeps you focused and cheerful. A 2019 study proved these findings.
Thinking: Food energy and nutrients serve neurological(神经的) as well as physical body functions. The same 2019 report concluded that eating breakfast regularly affects the brain's blood sugar requirements and nutritional support. 4.Let alone, these skills are vital to learning and achieving high grades.
Test scores: Balanced nutrition plays a part in testing well. 5.Healthy eating also contributes to better performance on vocabulary tests. You can improve your test scores by eating right every day.
A.You can focus on the test papers.
B.This improves the memory, problem solving and concentration skills.
C.Students who eat breakfast work faster with fewer math and number errors.
D.You can't keep up with homework and tests if you aren't in school every day.
E.While the education individuals receive influence intelligence, so does their food.
F.And your behavior in this environment depends partly on getting to school well fed.
G.A healthy diet can improve your performance in school’s social, physical and mental aspects.
高三英语七选五中等难度题查看答案及解析
Living a healthy lifestyle lies in forming the right eating habits. Here are some of the good habits you can develop when it comes to healthy eating.
Drink plenty of water. You must drink at least 8 glasses of water a day. You may need even more water if you are in a hot environment or if you are exercising.
Eat breakfast. Breakfast is the most important meal of the day. A recent study has shown that those who eat breakfast will consume an average of 100 calories less during the day than their colleagues who skipped breakfast. They will also be able to concentrate better.
Don’t skip lunch. If you do so, your blood sugar level will drop and your metabolism (新陈代谢) will slow down. When you get home you are starving and eat everything you can find.
We all need to snack from time to time, but please choose your snacks carefully. In fact, it’s a good idea to eat two healthy snacks besides your three main meals. Choose healthy snacks like fruits and vegetables, low fat yogurt, cottage cheese with apple sauce, and so on.
Eat your fruit and vegetables. We should eat at least 5 servings of fruits and vegetables a day. Take a piece of fruit for a snack, add some banana and raisins to your favourite breakfast cereal, have a salad with lunch, and eat at least one vegetable at dinner each night.
Do not eat your dinner too late. Try to eat dinner at least 3 hours before you go to bed. This will give your body a chance to digest most of the food before you rest for the next 8 hours. Plan dinner for the week ahead of time and make sure you have everything you need in the house so other family members can get a head start on dinner if you have a late meeting at the office.
1.How many good eating habits are mentioned in the passage?
A. 8. B. 7. C. 6. D. 5.
2.The underlined word “raisin” most probably means “_____”.
A. a peach leaf B. a dried grape
C. a piece of cheese D. a peanut
3.Who is this passage intended for?
A. Students. B. Housewives.
C. Office workers. D. Cooks.
4.You may most probably find this article _____.
A. in a textbook B. in a science fiction book
C. in an advertisement D. in a website
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析