A super-reflective cooling coating
A team of Columbia University researchers thinks that painting buildings with a new type of coating could help. Some cities already use white roofs to try to cool buildings by reflecting sunlight. But the new coating developed by the scientists can help buildings even cooler.
"It's like snow," says Yuan Yang, an assistant professor at Columbia. Snow, he explains, is filled with micron-sized(微米级的)crystals of ice that create tiny pockets of air that scatter light—the effect that makes snow white rather than transparent like ice, and highly reflective. The researchers created a polymer(聚合物)coating that also has nano to-micro-scale pockets of air that turn it white. "Our paint can be much more reflective than normal paint," he says.
Regular white paint might reflect 85% of the sunlight that hits it. The new coating, depending on its thickness, could reflect as much as 99%. If used with colored paint, it's less effective, but also keeps buildings cooler than they would otherwise be; the coating is also less effective in areas with high humidity(湿度). In a hot, dry city like Phoenix, the white coating could keep a building around 10 degrees Fahrenheit cooler than the outdoor air on a summer day. Most Arizonans have air conditioning, and in a city where temperatures regularly reach well over 100 degrees, the coating isn't likely to replace it. But it could help buildings use less energy to stay cool. For the small fraction of residents there who don't have air conditioning, the coating could potentially help protect their health on the hottest days. In 2018, more than 155 people in Phoenix died in heat waves.
In places where air conditioning is currently uncommon, such as Seattle, where there were a record number of hot days last July, but only one-third of residents have air conditioning, the coating might help stave off (延缓)the need to install new systems. In the developing world, the coating could potentially help those who don't yet have electricity or who can't afford an air conditioner. But the biggest impact of the technology—which the researchers hope to commercialize—is likely to be its ability to help air conditioners use a little less electricity and help cut emissions. Without changes, the emissions from air conditioners are predicted to almost double by mid-century.
1.What is the key information the author wants to give in Para 2?
A.Why snow is reflective. B.What makes snow white.
C.What the polymer coating is. D.How the new coating works.
2.What does the underlined word “it" in Para. 2 refer to?
A.The ice. B.The snow.
C.The new coating. D.The normal painting.
3.What's Paragraph 3 mainly about?
A.The necessity of air conditioners in cities.
B.The effectiveness of the new technology.
C.The widespread use of the white coating.
D.The influence the hot weather has on health.
4.What's the biggest impact of the new coating?
A.Reducing emissions indirectly. B.Helping keep buildings warm.
C.Assisting the poor potentially. D.Stopping using air conditioners.
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题
A super-reflective cooling coating
A team of Columbia University researchers thinks that painting buildings with a new type of coating could help. Some cities already use white roofs to try to cool buildings by reflecting sunlight. But the new coating developed by the scientists can help buildings even cooler.
"It's like snow," says Yuan Yang, an assistant professor at Columbia. Snow, he explains, is filled with micron-sized(微米级的)crystals of ice that create tiny pockets of air that scatter light—the effect that makes snow white rather than transparent like ice, and highly reflective. The researchers created a polymer(聚合物)coating that also has nano to-micro-scale pockets of air that turn it white. "Our paint can be much more reflective than normal paint," he says.
Regular white paint might reflect 85% of the sunlight that hits it. The new coating, depending on its thickness, could reflect as much as 99%. If used with colored paint, it's less effective, but also keeps buildings cooler than they would otherwise be; the coating is also less effective in areas with high humidity(湿度). In a hot, dry city like Phoenix, the white coating could keep a building around 10 degrees Fahrenheit cooler than the outdoor air on a summer day. Most Arizonans have air conditioning, and in a city where temperatures regularly reach well over 100 degrees, the coating isn't likely to replace it. But it could help buildings use less energy to stay cool. For the small fraction of residents there who don't have air conditioning, the coating could potentially help protect their health on the hottest days. In 2018, more than 155 people in Phoenix died in heat waves.
In places where air conditioning is currently uncommon, such as Seattle, where there were a record number of hot days last July, but only one-third of residents have air conditioning, the coating might help stave off (延缓)the need to install new systems. In the developing world, the coating could potentially help those who don't yet have electricity or who can't afford an air conditioner. But the biggest impact of the technology—which the researchers hope to commercialize—is likely to be its ability to help air conditioners use a little less electricity and help cut emissions. Without changes, the emissions from air conditioners are predicted to almost double by mid-century.
1.What is the key information the author wants to give in Para 2?
A.Why snow is reflective. B.What makes snow white.
C.What the polymer coating is. D.How the new coating works.
2.What does the underlined word “it" in Para. 2 refer to?
A.The ice. B.The snow.
C.The new coating. D.The normal painting.
3.What's Paragraph 3 mainly about?
A.The necessity of air conditioners in cities.
B.The effectiveness of the new technology.
C.The widespread use of the white coating.
D.The influence the hot weather has on health.
4.What's the biggest impact of the new coating?
A.Reducing emissions indirectly. B.Helping keep buildings warm.
C.Assisting the poor potentially. D.Stopping using air conditioners.
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
A team of engineers 1.(create)a super-thin material that could help keep buildings cool. The team developed the revolutionary new material, 2.is very thin and can cool objects even under direct sunlight. The material does not need energy to work3.does it need water to help keep things cool. The engineers say4.new material could provide an answer to air conditioners, which are expensive 5.(run). The material is unlike anything 6.(find) in nature. It is just 50 micrometers thick. That's slightly 7.(thick) than the aluminum foil(锡箔纸) we use for cooking.
The engineers explained how their new material works. They said when it is put on top of something, two things happen. It cools the object underneath by 8.(reflect) the sun's rays back into space. At the same time, the material removes the object's own heat and sends that into the air. An engineer said: "We're excited about the opportunity to explore potential uses in different scientific 9.(field)." Another researcher said: "Just 10 to 20 square meters of this material on the rooftop could 10.(nice) cool down a house in summer."
高三英语短文填空中等难度题查看答案及解析
A team of engineers1.(create)a super-thin material that could help keep buildings cool.The team developed the revolutionary new material,2.is very thin and can cool objects even under direct sunlight.The material does not need energy to work3.does it need water to help keep things cool.The engineers say4.new material could provide an answer to air conditioners,which are expensive5.(run).The material is unlike anything6.(find) in nature.It is just 50 micrometers thick.That's slightly7.(thick) than the aluminum foil(锡箔纸)we use for cooking.
The engineers explained how their new material works.They said when it is put on top of something,two things happen.It cools the object underneath by8.(reflect) the sun's rays back into space.At the same time,the material removes the object's own heat and sends that into the air.An engineer said:"We're excited about the opportunity to explore potential uses in different scientific9.(field)."Another researcher said:"Just 10 to 20 square meters of this material on the rooftop could10.(nice) cool down a house in summer."
高三英语短文填空中等难度题查看答案及解析
By the end of this year, 160 new students ___ in the English Department of this world famous university.
A. have enroll B.will have enrolled
C.have been enrolled D.will have been enrolled
高三英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析
George Washington selected the city the site of the US capital, but the name “District of Columbia” was chosen ________ Christopher Columbus.
A. in return for B. in the case of C. in the eyes of D. in honor of
高三英语选择题简单题查看答案及解析
In a new article, Zehr, a professor at the University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, describes his success in using the Caped Crusader (披篷骑士) to engage students in the study of physiology.
"Batman (蝙蝠侠) has such powerful influence on readers because he is a fictional human with superpowers that seem within reach if we only work at it," writes Zehr, in a new article published in Advances in Physiology Education, a journal of the American Physiological Society. Zehr believes that it is not Batman's vast wealth that allows him to protect the citizens of Gotham City (哥谭市) , but his dedication to developing a wide range of physical skills.
Zehr uses Batman to establish a framework, grounded in his fictional universe as well as our real one, in order to discuss the various components of exercise and physical training and illustrate how the body's physiological systems respond. His experiences in teaching undergraduate courses in physiology and neurophysiology made him realize that connecting science to popular culture helped students understand the lessons better.
He first presented a formal analysis of the personal and physical discipline that would be required to transform an ordinary person into a superhero in his book, Becoming Batman: The Possibility of a Superhero. The book drew on Zehr's understanding and work in human movement and the plasticity of nerves and muscles associated with exercise. By coincidence, the book was published in the wake of The Dark Knight, the blockbuster movie which recounts Batman and his arch-enemy, the Joker.
With the casting almost complete for the sequel(续集), The Dark Knight Rises, Dr. Zehr writes about his experiences connecting science to popular culture, which is captured in the Advances, article, "A Personal View: From Claude Bernard to the Batcave and Beyond: Using Batman as a hook for physiology education."
1.In Zehr's opinion, what makes Batman be able to defend his citizens?
A.his large amount of fortune | B.his devotion to developing varieties of physical skills |
C.his habit of wearing a cape | D.his developing so wide range of magic power |
2. Which one of the following statements is TRUE according to the third paragraph?
A.Students of physiology and neurophysiology should have more physical training |
B.To become a batman needs developing a wide range of physical skills |
C.Only Batman can illustrate the respond of the body’s physiological system |
D.combining science with popular culture can be beneficial to students’ study |
3.To help students study physiology well, Dr.Zehr uses Batman to do the following EXCEPT___
A.set up his theoretical principles of teaching physiology |
B.discuss the different components of physical training |
C.illustrate the ways of body’s physiology system responding |
D.perform many physiology experiments on the body movement |
4..According to the book Becoming Batman, what does the possibility of becoming a superhero mainly lie on?
A.Dr. Zehr’s formal analyses of the body's movement rules |
B.the flexibility of nerves and muscles when being trained well |
C.the physical training conducted by Dr. Zehr |
D.the final influence of Batman on one person |
5.This passage is mainly about ________.
A.Batman’seducation significance in physiology | B.introduction to Zehr’ s books on physiology |
C.how to become a superhero like Batman | D.Batman’s powerful effects on the readers |
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
COLUMBIA, S.C. (AP) — A group of black parents and civil rights activists presented a petition(请愿书) Thursday calling for officials to drop charges against a 16-year-old South Carolina high school student who was videotaped being dragged from her desk and thrown to the floor by a police officer in her classroom.
The group said it was unfair and unacceptable that the student and her 18-year-old classmate at Spring Valley High School who taped the incident were the only people charged that day when authorities already knew Richland County Deputy Ben Fields had tossed the girl from her desk to the ground.
They also said their petition had hundreds of thousands of names from around the country asking prosecutor Dan Johnson to drop the "disturbing schools" charges against the teens. The students in the case are black; Fields is white.
Johnson issued a statement Wednesday saying he won't do anything with the case until the FBI finishes its investigation into Fields, who was fired after the video became public. "I do not simply decide cases based upon feelings, public opinion or sentiment, nor do I decide them based on political pressure," Johnson said in the statement.
Disturbing schools is punishable by a fine of up to $1,000 or 90 days in jail. The students' lawyer did not respond to telephone messages.
The video spread quickly across the country, prompting questions about when police officers should get involved with classroom discipline. Fields was called to the classroom after the student refused to stop using her cellphone, and then she would not leave the classroom for a teacher or administrator.
In the days after the incident, the teacher turned her class over to a substitute and the administrator was placed on leave. Richland two officials didn't respond to an email asking about their current status. The students were allowed back in school.
Organizers of the protest said they plan to be at South Carolina's Statehouse next year, calling for legislators to change the law that allows police officers to arrest students for misbehaving at schools. Richland County Sheriff Leon Lott blamed that law for escalating the situation. "Let's find a way where we don't saddle students with arrest records," said EfiaNwangaza from the Malcom X Center for Self Determination. "Let's get ahead of the schoolhouse-to-jailhouse train in South Carolina."
1.What are the teens charged with?
A. Playing cellphones in class
B. Disobeying the teacher
C. Disturbing schools
D. Fighting with the police officer
2.What is Don Johnson's attitude towards the case?
A. Indifferent B. Ambiguous
C. Subjective D. Cautious
3.According to the passage, people are now concerned about the following except_____.
A. whether the incident reflects a racial issue
B. when police officers should get involved with classroom discipline
C. whether students can play cellphones in class
D. whether the law that allows police officers to arrest students for misbehaving at schools should be changed
4. Which of the following could be the best title for the passage?
A. Police officer fired for tossing student
B. Black parents protest charge for teen tossed from desk
C. Charged teens allowed back in school
D. Violence at school
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
" One World One Dream" fully______the univers————al values of the Olympic spirit-Unity, Friend-ship, Progress, Harmony, Participation and Dream. (皖南八校)
A. Dream B. reflects C. understands D.remarks
高三英语单项填空简单题查看答案及解析
_____ made our school proud was _____ more than 90% of the students had been admitted to key universities.
A.What ; because | B.That; what | C.That; why | D.What ; that |
高三英语单项填空简单题查看答案及解析
The editor of the new Cool Camping Britain guide chooses some of his favorite new finds in England, Wales and Scotland.
Cleadale, Isle of Eigg, Inner Hebrides
Is this Britain’s most beautiful campsite? From the grassy point looking seaward to the mountains, it’s not hard for campers to see how the island inspired The Lord of the Rings author’s fantasy landscapes. The campsite itself is as wild and wonderful as its setting.
Open April - September, from £5 per tent per night.
Swattesfield, Thornham Magna, Suffolk
Deep in the wilds of north Suffolk, this seven-acre campsite has only been open for a few years, with two fields separated by a lake and surrounded by woodland. The position is perfect. It’s a great place to do nothing but get into nature. You can put up your tent in the bottom field or the woodland beyond.
Open Easter - October, from £10 per tent per night.
Pleasant Streams Farm, near St Austell, Cornwall
This site, by a lake, is all about simple pleasures. Located in the former mining village, it has a summerhouse(凉亭) with books and games for a rainy day. There are many animals including pigs, hens, goats and ducks on the farm and a pub just a 10- minute stroll away. There’s very little to do here, no bells and no whistles. Campfires are encouraged.
Open Easter - September, from £10 per tent per night.
Troytown Campsite, St Agnes, Isles of Sciily
Its only campsite, Troytown, couldn’t be in a more remote position. Isolation is its greatest advantage — so bring plenty of books to read and don’t expect a phone signal. But at least one of life’s necessities is available. Lying on the hillside overlooking the bay and near the island of the Gugh, it might just win the prize for best beer garden view in England.
Open March - October, from £7. 50 per tent per night,
1.Which of the following is TRUE about Cleadale, Isle of Eigg, Inner Hebrides?
A. It has been open for a few years.
B. A beautiful lake surrounds it.
C. It offers the longest service.
D. The rent of a tent per night is the lowest.
2.Which place can you choose if you like a simple farm life?
A. Cleadale, Isle of Eigg, Inner Hebrides.
B. Swattesfield, Thornham Magna, Suffolk.
C. Pleasant Streams Farm, near St Austell, Cornwall.
D. Troytown Campsite, St Agnes, Isles of Scilly.
3.In Troytown Campsite, St Agnes, Isles of Scilly, you can’t ________.
A. contact others by phones B. view the bay from the hillside
C. get everyday necessities D. relax yourself by reading
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析