It turns out that overworking your brain with...

It turns out that overworking your brain with either physical or mental exercise may lower your ability to delay self-satisfaction. And that may set you up for poor choices in your self-care and finances.

A new study published Thursday in the journal Current Biology asked excellent endurance athletes to overtrain for three out of nine weeks, and compared them to a group who did a normal 9-week training program.

Not only did those overworked athletes perform worse on a cycling test at the end of the overtraining MRls(核磁共振) of their brains during behavioral tasks showed more exhaustion in the cognitive control part of the brain system. “Cognitive control in this situation is the capacity to maintain exercise despite things like muscle pain,” said study author Bastien Blain, a research associate at University College London. “And what we found is that there is an intelligence factor involved in exercising and it has a limited capacity. You cannot use it forever.”

In other words, your brain will burn out and affect your body’s ability to exercise. But that’s not all. Overworking that part of the brain also reduced the athletes’ abilities to resist temptation of an immediate reward, “For example, they were asked whether they preferred $10 now or $50 in six months,” Blain said. “And those who overtrained were more likely to choose the immediate reward, which is interesting. It could provide a mechanism to explain why some athletes are using drugs to improve their performance.”

One caution about the exercise study is that it only looked at endurance athletes, said. Dr. Marc-Andre Cornier, who is associate director of Colorado University’s Anschutz Health and Wellness Center. “This is potentially very important for the higher end athlete who is overdoing it,” Cormier said. “But does this have anything to do with the average Joe going to the gym? You can’t conclude that from this study.”

1.What does the underlined word “it” in the third paragraph refer to?

A.The brain system. B.A limited capacity.

C.An intelligence factor. D.The cognitive control.

2.Why did overworked athletes tend to choose the immediate reward?

A.Because they were too eager to succeed.

B.Because all parts of their brain burned out.

C.Because overtraining led to their bad decisions.

D.Because they took drugs to improve their performance.

3.What is the passage mainly about?

A.A study about self-satisfaction.

B.Negative effects of too much exercise.

C.The relation between brain and exercise.

D.Poor choices in people’s self care and finances.

4.What can we infer from the passage?

A.There is a limit to the brain.

B.Higher end athletes have great potential.

C.Top athletes may suffer from overtraining.

D.Delaying self-satisfaction results in better performance.

高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析

Losing weight comes with a lot of health benefits—including making your brain sharper.

Yes, it turns out that overweight may damage cognitive functions (认知功能) such as memory and attention. There have been few studies of overweight and cognitive functioning, possibly because it is generally believed that it is not a primary risk cause for poor cognitive performance. Losing weight, therefore, may help improve these mental functions, according to a new research led by John Gunstad, assistant professor of psychology at Kent State University.

Growing evidence suggests that being fat is linked to cognitive deficits (缺陷). So Gunstad and his team guessed that losing weight might improve mental function. For their study, they measured memory and attention in a group of 150 overweight participants, some of whom had some kind of operation for weight loss and some did not. All of the volunteers completed mental skills tests to assess their abilities of memory and attention at the beginning of the study, and again 12 weeks later. To begin with, about 24% of the patients showed damaged learning and 23% showed signs of poor memory when tested. At the end of the study, those who had lost weight after operation improved their scores into the average or above average range for cognitive functions. Scores for the volunteers who didn’t lose weight dropped even further.

The study helped Gunstad to find out whether losing weight had any effect on mental function. Now that he’s seen the positive effect that weight loss can have on memory and attention, he says he will next study those who choose to lose weight by the traditional way—eating healthier and getting more active. He expects that losing weight in this way will have a similarly positive effect on the brain. “If we can improve the condition with operations, then we can probably produce the same change with behavioral weight loss as well,” he says.

1.There is less research on overweight and cognitive functions because researchers _____.

A. believe overweight only affects our body

B. have focused on ways to sharpen people’s mind

C. do not consider overweight a main cause for low cognitive ability

D. are clear about the relation between weight and mental functions

2.The result of Gunstad’s study shows that ______.

A. losing weight has little effect on people’s memory

B. losing weight can improve people’s mental functions

C. overweight people are likely to have psychology problems

D. overweight people’s abilities of concentration differ greatly

3.What is Gunstad planning to prove next in his research?

A. Slim people are smarter than overweight people.

B. Healthy diet is better than exercise in losing weight.

C . Traditional ways of losing weight are better than operation.

D. Overweight people will get smarter by taking more exercise.

4.Which of the following is the best title for th e text?

A. Body Weight and Health

B. Losing Weight by Operation

C. Ways to Improve Mental Functions

D. Losing Weight to S harpen Your MindD

高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析

Losing weight comes with a lot of health benefits—including making your brain sharper.

Yes, it turns out that overweight may damage cognitive functions (认知功能) such as memory and attention. There have been few studies of overweight and cognitive functioning, possibly because it is generally believed that it is not a primary risk cause for poor cognitive performance. Losing weight, therefore, may help improve these mental functions, according to a new research led by John Gunstad, assistant professor of psychology at Kent State University.

Growing evidence suggests that being fat is linked to cognitive deficits (缺陷). So Gunstad and his team guessed that losing weight might improve mental function. For their study, they measured memory and attention in a group of 150 overweight participants, some of whom had some kind of operation for weight loss and some did not. All of the volunteers completed mental skills tests to assess their abilities of memory and attention at the beginning of the study, and again 12 weeks later. To begin with, about 24% of the patients showed damaged learning and 23% showed signs of poor memory when tested. At the end of the study, those who had lost weight after operation improved their scores into the average or above average range for cognitive functions. Scores for the volunteers who didn’t lose weight dropped even further.

The study helped Gunstad to find out whether losing weight had any effect on mental function. Now that he’s seen the positive effect that weight loss can have on memory and attention, he says he will next study those who choose to lose weight by the traditional way—eating healthier and getting more active. He expects that losing weight in this way will have a similarly positive effect on the brain. “If we can improve the condition with operations, then we can probably produce the same change with behavioral weight loss as well,” he says.

1. There is less research on overweight and cognitive functions because researchers _____.

2. The result of Gunstad’s study shows that ______.

3. What is Gunstad planning to prove next in his research?

4. Which of the following is the best title for the text?

高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析

Every family with kids has seen its share of arguments, shouting and complaining. It turns out that all those conflicts serve an important purpose in the development of children . Saying “no” followed by a bad temper, just may be an unavoidable part of growing up. And that’s a good thing. These are the first steps toward independence. Even young children have to challenge their parents sometimes. Studies have shown the following:

·Although stressful, conflicts are beneficial for children.

·Learning to manage conflicts is necessary for a child’s development.

·Conflicts during the preschool years occur because children desire even more attention than parents can or should give.  http://wx.jtyjy.com/

If you understand why conflicts occur, it can minimize the conflicts between you and your children. Conflict is a child’s attempt to develop a sense of self and how he or she learns to express his or her needs and ideas. Parents develop and drive this independence by putting children to the outside world both formally and informally.

Conflicts can grow out of a difference of opinion or might just be a way to blow off steam(发脾气) . In rare situations, constant conflicts between parents and children can indicate a deeper emotional problem. Consult your doctor if this seems to be your situation.

It’s important to offer your child choices, which should be determined by age and developmental level. The more responsible a child is, the more choices he or she gets in reward. You can threaten your child with punishment, but often offering a choice will better improve angry situations. Consequences and rewards should have some meaning to your child.

Often a child’s adverse(敌对的)reaction when he or she hears the word “no” can be avoided by giving the child an explanation as to why you have refused his or her request.

60. Why does the author think conflicts are good?

A. It’s a sign that children are trying to be independent.

B. Children can learn to control the bad temper.

C. This can develop a better way of communication.

D. It can improve the relationship between parents and children.

61. A 3-year-old boy challenges his parents angrily, according to studies, because he may          ,

A. feel being overlooked by his parents.

B. get tired of being looked after by his parents.

C. want to stay with his parents at any time.

D. be blamed by his parents for his faults.

62. In most cases , the conflicts between parents and their children      .

A. lead to more misunderstandings                            B. don’t hurt feelings

C. are highly valued by parents                                 D. involve visiting doctors

63. What can be concluded from the passage?

A. Children understand what their parents think of clearly.

B. Children enjoy giving their opinions by conflicting with their parents.

C. Most parents would rather punish their children than reward them.

D. Communication can reduce conflicts between parents and children.

高三英语阅读理解简单题查看答案及解析

---Did your parents come to see you last week?

---They had meant to, but it turned out that ____ of them could spare some time to.

A. none                   B. neither                 C. either              D. any

高三英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析

With that information ____, I sought out Douglas Smith, director of the Center for Brain Injury and Repair at the University of Pennsylvania.

A.in hand                              B.in the hand                       C.in hands                                      D.in the hands

高三英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析

—Can you hit that bird with your gun, Tom?

—No！It is out of the ______of my gun.

A．length              B．aim             C．distance              D．range

高三英语单项填空困难题查看答案及解析

—Can you hit that bird with your gun, Tom?

—No！It is out of the ________of my gun.

A．length　         　　 B．aim　　　　　　　　 C．distance　             D．range

高三英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析

It ____ that making a plan is easier than carrying it out.

高三英语单项填空简单题查看答案及解析

—Can you help me with this problem?

—It's beyond my __________.I didn't work it out, either.

A．strength　                             B．ability

C．energy　                             D．force

高三英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析