The researchers say a person loses two months for every kilogram overweight they are— and seven years for smoking a packet of cigarettes a day.
Unusually, the Edinburgh university team found their answers by analysing differences in people’s genetic code or DNA. Finally they think it will show new ways of helping us to live longer.
The group used the genetic code of more than 600, 000 people who are taking part in a natural experiment. If someone smokes, drinks, drops out of school and is overweight, it can be difficult to identify the impact of one specific unhealthy behavior.
Instead, the researchers turned to the natural experiment. Some people carry mutations(变异) in their DNA that increase(食欲) or make them more likely to put on weight, so researchers were able to compare those programmed to eat more with those who were not. The research team also found specific mutations in human DNA that alter lifespan (寿命).
●Mutations in a gene (a set of instructions in DNA) that is involved in running the immune system could add seven months of life on average.
●People with a mutation that increased levels of bad cholesterol knocked eight months off lifespan.
●A rare mutation in a gene—APOE—linked to dementia reduced lifespan by 11 months.
●And one that made smoking more appealing cut lives by five months.
Dr Joshi says that while genes do influence lifespan, “you’ve got even more influence” through the choices you make. Dr Joshi said, “We hope to discover genes affecting lifespan to give us new information about ageing and construct treatment tor ageing.”
There are also some disease mutations that clearly affect lifespan and to destructive effect, such as the Huntington’s gene. People with Huntington’s often die in their 20s.
However, in order to follow people until the end of their lives, many of the people studied were born before 1940.
1.What is the most difficult for the researchers to find?
A. The differences in people’s genetic code.
B. The reasons why people put on weight very easily.
C. The results of many natural and massive experiments.
D. One bad behaviour’s effect on people with many bad behaviours.
2.Which of the following mutations affects lifespan most greatly?
A. One linked to controlling immune system.
B. One increasing unhealthy cholesterol.
C. One called APOE involved in dementia.
D. One making smoking more attractive.
3.What’s the meaning of Dr Joshi’s study?
A. To help stop mutations. B. TO find diseases earlier.
C. TO make people live longer. D. TO reduce the effects of genes.
4.Why did researchers mainly study people born before 1940?
A. To follow them until they die. B. TO educate them an extra year.
C. To show they are more important. D. To make them live happier.
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题
The researchers say a person loses two months for every kilogram overweight they are— and seven years for smoking a packet of cigarettes a day.
Unusually, the Edinburgh university team found their answers by analysing differences in people’s genetic code or DNA. Finally they think it will show new ways of helping us to live longer.
The group used the genetic code of more than 600, 000 people who are taking part in a natural experiment. If someone smokes, drinks, drops out of school and is overweight, it can be difficult to identify the impact of one specific unhealthy behavior.
Instead, the researchers turned to the natural experiment. Some people carry mutations(变异) in their DNA that increase(食欲) or make them more likely to put on weight, so researchers were able to compare those programmed to eat more with those who were not. The research team also found specific mutations in human DNA that alter lifespan (寿命).
●Mutations in a gene (a set of instructions in DNA) that is involved in running the immune system could add seven months of life on average.
●People with a mutation that increased levels of bad cholesterol knocked eight months off lifespan.
●A rare mutation in a gene—APOE—linked to dementia reduced lifespan by 11 months.
●And one that made smoking more appealing cut lives by five months.
Dr Joshi says that while genes do influence lifespan, “you’ve got even more influence” through the choices you make. Dr Joshi said, “We hope to discover genes affecting lifespan to give us new information about ageing and construct treatment tor ageing.”
There are also some disease mutations that clearly affect lifespan and to destructive effect, such as the Huntington’s gene. People with Huntington’s often die in their 20s.
However, in order to follow people until the end of their lives, many of the people studied were born before 1940.
1.What is the most difficult for the researchers to find?
A. The differences in people’s genetic code.
B. The reasons why people put on weight very easily.
C. The results of many natural and massive experiments.
D. One bad behaviour’s effect on people with many bad behaviours.
2.Which of the following mutations affects lifespan most greatly?
A. One linked to controlling immune system.
B. One increasing unhealthy cholesterol.
C. One called APOE involved in dementia.
D. One making smoking more attractive.
3.What’s the meaning of Dr Joshi’s study?
A. To help stop mutations. B. TO find diseases earlier.
C. TO make people live longer. D. TO reduce the effects of genes.
4.Why did researchers mainly study people born before 1940?
A. To follow them until they die. B. TO educate them an extra year.
C. To show they are more important. D. To make them live happier.
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
Every two or three months, Thyago Ohana goes out on the busy streets of Vienna with a sign saying “Free Hugs”. The handsome 32-year-old Brazilian, who works in international trade at India’s Vienna embassy, chooses a popular site, like the historic shopping street, Kaemtner Strasse. There he opens his arms to anyone who wants a hearty embrace (拥抱).
He does it because back in 2012, when he was feeling very stressed and anxious during a visit to Paris, a stranger gave him a free hug. He’s never forgotten how it filled him with unexpected calm and joy.
For those who take up his offer, the hug makes them laugh and smile. But sometimes it does more, as when an elderly woman in a tour group stopped and watched him. The group moved on, but she remained and asked, “Can I have a hug?” “Of course you can!” said Thyago who wrapped his arms round her. When they broke their embrace, she kept holding onto his shoulders and looked into his eyes. “Thank you,” she said. “I can’t remember the last time I was hugged this way.”
It’s a memory that still makes Thyago emotional. “It was a really powerful moment of human connection. It’s why I keep doing it.”
Of our live senses, our sense of touch is the one that is most easily taken for granted. “A child can be born blind or deaf and they will grow up just fine,” says David J Linden, author of Touch. The Science of Hand, Heart and Mind. “Yet if a baby is lacking in loving social touch for the first two years of life, then all sorts of disasters unfold.” That’s one reason why when babies are born, they are now usually placed on their mother’s skin.
Linden says however you do it, “maximizing touch in your life is a good thing”— whether holding hands, petting a dog, going to the hairdresser, hugging our kids, our partners or even a stranger.
1.Why did Thyago Ohana offer free hugs to strangers?
A.He longed for calm and joy.
B.He felt stressed and upset.
C.He wanted others to feel connected and cared.
D.He hoped to help others cure their diseases.
2.What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 5 suggest?
A.Our sense of touch isn’t so important.
B.Our sense of touch is undervalued.
C.Our sense of touch does no good to us.
D.Our sense of touch is thought highly of.
3.What does David J Linden think of social touch?
A.The way of offering social touch counts.
B.Offering hugs is the best way to get social touch.
C.Blind kids will be cured as long as they get enough social touch.
D.Many problems can be tracked back to babyhood short of social touch.
4.Where is this text most likely from?
A.A health magazine. B.A research paper.
C.A guide book. D.A biology textbook.
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
Every two or three months, Thyago Ohana goes out on the busy streets of Vienna with a sign saying "Free Hugs". The handsome 32-year-old Brazilian, who works in international trade at India's Vienna embassy, chooses a popular site, like the historic shopping street, Kaerntner Strasse. There he opens his arms to anyone who wants a hearty embrace(拥抱).
He does it because back in 2012, when he was feeling very stressed and anxious during a visit to Paris, a stranger gave him a free hug. He's never forgotten how it filled him with unexpected calm and joy.
For those who take up his offer, the hug makes them laugh and smile. But sometimes it does more, as when an elderly woman in a tour group stopped and watched him. The group moved on, but she remained and asked, "Can I have a hug?" "Of course you can!" said Thyago who wrapped his arms round her. When they broke their embrace, she kept holding onto his shoulders and looked into his eyes. "Thank you," she said. "I can't remember the last time I was hugged this way."
It's a memory that still makes Thyago emotional. "It was a really powerful moment of human connection. It's why 1 keep doing it."
Of our five senses, our sense of touch is the one that is most easily taken for granted. "A child can be born blind or deaf and they will grow up just fine," says David J Linden, author of Touch: The Science of Hand, Heart, and Mind. "Yet if a baby is lacking in loving social touch for the first two years of life, then all sorts of disasters unfold." That's one reason why when babies are born, they are now usually placed on their mother's skin.
Linden says however you do it, "maximizing touch in your life is a good thing"- whether holding hands, petting a dog, going to the hairdresser, hugging our kids, our partners or even a
stranger.
1.Why did Thyago Ohana offer free hugs to strangers?
A.He longed for calm and joy.
B.He felt stressed and upset.
C.He wanted others to feel connected and cared.
D.He hoped to help others cure their diseases.
2.What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 5 suggest?
A.Our sense of touch isn't so important.
B.Our sense of touch is undervalued.
C.Our sense of touch does no good to us.
D.Our sense of touch is thought highly of.
3.What does David J Linden think of social touch?
A.The way of offering social touch counts.
B.Offering hugs is the best way to get social touch.
C.Blind kids will be cured as long as they get enough social touch.
D.Many problems can be tracked back to babyhood short of social touch.
4.Where is this text most likely from?
A.A health magazine. B.A research paper.
C.A guide book. D.A biology textbook.
高三英语阅读理解困难题查看答案及解析
The pills really work! I __________ 7 kilograms in the last two months!
A. lose B. lost C. am losing D. have lost
高三英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析
In 1911, Madame Curie received a second Nobel Prize for her research, the first person in the world ______ two Nobel Prizes.
| A．receiving | B．received | C．to receive | D．being received |
高三英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析
If you __________ drive so fast, you’ll run the risk of losing your license for six months.
A. would B. must C. should D. may
高三英语单项填空简单题查看答案及解析
University of Pennsylvania researchers say that for the first time they have linked social media use to increases in depression and loneliness． The idea that social media is anything but social when it comes to mental health has been talked about for years， but not many studies have managed to actually link the two． To do that， Penn researchers， led by psychologist Melissa Hunt， designed a study that focused on WeChat， Snapchat and Instagram．
The study was conducted with 143 participants， who before they began， completed a mood survey and sent along photos of their battery screens， showing how often they were using their phones to access social media． "We set out to do a much more complete study which attempts to imitate real life．" Hunt said．
The study divided the participants into two groups： The first group was allowed to maintain their normal social media habits． The other， the control group， was restricted to 10 minutes per day on social media． The restrictions were put in place for three weeks and then the participants returned and were tested for outcomes such as fear of missing out， anxiety， depression and loneliness．
The results showed a very clear link between social media use and increased levels of depression and loneliness． "Using less social media than you normally do would lead to significant decreases in both depression and loneliness，" Hunt said．
Social media invites what Hunt calls "downward social comparison．" "When you're online， it can sometimes seem that everyone else is cooler and having more fun and included in more things and you're left out，" Hunt said． And that's just generally discouraging． "Every minute you spend online is a minute you are not doing your work or not meeting a friend for dinner or having a deep conversation with your roommate．" And these real life activities are the ones that can encourage self﹣esteem and self﹣worth， Hunt added．
"People are on their devices， and that's not going to change，" she said． But as in life， a bit of control goes a long way．
1.Before the study was conducted， the participants completed a survey to ．
A. imitate people's real life
B. link loneliness to depression
C. show their use of social media
D. prove social media is important
2.The results of the study showed using less social media would result in ．
A. people's fear of missing out
B. higher levels of depression
C. obvious relief in loneliness
D. lower levels of happiness
3.In Hunt's opinion， which activity benefits more to mental health？
A. Hiking out with friends．
B. Making comparison with others．
C. Playing computer games in spare time．
D. Logging onto social media and having fun．
4.Which can be the best title of the passage？
A. A Study on Social Media．
B. How to Improve Mental Health．
C. People Addicted to Social Media．
D. Social Media Influences Mental Health．
高三英语阅读理解困难题查看答案及解析
---When will you be back?
---________.We'll meet at the end of the month.
| A．About two weeks | B．Every two weeks | C．In two weeks | D．For two weeks |
高三英语单项填空简单题查看答案及解析
Scientists say they have used the gene-editing tool CRISPR to repair a person’s eyesight for the first time. The CRISPR tool makes it possible to change DNA to add needed genes or take some away if they lead to problems.
A patient recently had the procedure done for an inherited form of blindness. The operation took place at Oregon Health and Science University in Portland. “We literally have the potential to treat people who are essentially blind and make them see,” said Charles Albright. He is chief scientific officer at Editas Medicine in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Editas is one of the companies developing the treatment. Albright added, “We think it could open up a whole new set of medicines to go in and change your DNA.”
The people taking part in the study have a genetic condition that keeps the body from making a protein needed to turn light into signals to the brain, which leads to sight.
Scientists have found it difficult to treat the condition with usual gene therapy. So, they are aiming to edit or remove the mutation（突变）by making two cuts on either side of it. The hope is that the ends of DNA will reconnect and make the gene work as it should. Through a tube the width of a human hair, doctors put three drops of fluid containing the gene editing machinery just under the retina（视网膜）, which is the lining at the back of the eye that contains the light-sensing cells. Doctors believe they need to fix one-tenth to one-third of the cells to repair vision. In animal tests, scientists were able to correct half of the cells with the treatment, Albright said.
Some independent experts were hopeful about the new study. Dr. Kiran Musunuru is a gene-editing expert at the University of Pennsylvania. He said the treatment seems likely to work, based on tests in mice and monkeys. The gene editing tool stays in the eye and does not travel to other parts of the body. So, “If something goes wrong, the chance of harm is very small.” Musunuru said. “It makes for a good first step for doing gene editing in the body.”
1.Who can most possibly benefit from this new treatment?
A.Patients who are essentially color-blinded.
B.Patients who turn blind due to accidents or diseases.
C.Patients who are born with no ability to see.
D.Patients who lose their vision at a young age.
2.Which is Paragraph 4 mainly about?
A.The result of the treatment.
B.The theory of the treatment.
C.The difficulty of the treatment.
D.The disadvantage of traditional treatment.
3.What is likely to be discussed after the last paragraph?
A.The function of the gene-editing tool.
B.The limitation of the gene-editing tool.
C.The effect of the treatment on animals.
D.The research of the treatment on humans.
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
Chinese researchers say they have come up with a simple way to find out a person’s biological age —how much the body has aged physically – through a urine (尿) test.
Their findings will help researchers conduct numbers of ageing studies and even predict a person’s risk of age-related diseases, according to a paper published in the journal Frontiers in Ageing Neuroscience.
Another paper by researchers at the Beijing Hospital and the West China Hospital in Chengdu, Sichuan province, said on Tuesday that people aged at different rates due to changes in their genetic make-up and their environment.
Chronological age – which is based on one’s birth date —was an inaccurate measure of biological age so a more accurate method was needed, the team said.
Ageing is driven by the lifelong gradual accumulation of a broad variety of molecular (分子) faults in the body’s cells. The team said they had identified a matter —8-oxoGsn — that indicated increases in oxidative (氧化性) damage in urine as people’s bodies aged.
Cai Jianping, a co-author at the Beijing Hospital, said: “As we age, we suffer increasing oxidative damage and so the levels of oxidative matters increase in our body.” The team tested the levels of 8-oxoGsn in urine samples from 1,228 Chinese people aged two to 90 and concluded the marker helped accurately determine the stage of biological ageing in adults.
They had previously found that 8-oxoGsn levels also increased with age in the urine of animals such as mice.
The team has also developed a rapid analysis technique called ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography, which can process up to 10 urine samples an hour, according to the study.
1.Scientifically speaking, by what does a doctor judge the stage of a person getting old?
A. His biological age. B. His condition.
C. His psychology. D. His chronological age.
2.What are the outer factors the speed of one’s ageing physically depend on?
A. One’s birth date.
B. The increases in oxidative damage in urine.
C. The accumulation of various molecular faults in the body’s cells.
D. The changes in their genetic make-up and their environment.
3.Which can take the place of the underlined word “marker” in the sixth paragraph?
A. Molecular faults. B. 8-oxoGsn.
C. Oxidative damage. D. Stage of biological ageing in adults.
4.What is the passage about?
A. Why people are ageing.
B. How to delay people’s ageing physically.
C. A rapid method with which to judge how much people are aging physically.
D. What determines the stage of people’s ageing physically.
高三英语阅读理解困难题查看答案及解析