The more hours young children spend in child care, the more likely they are to turn out aggressive and disobedient by the time they are in kindergarten, according to the largest study of child care and development ever conducted. Researchers said this correlation(相关性) held true regardless of whether the children came from rich or poor homes, were looked after by a relative or at a center, and whether they were girls or boys.
What is uncertain, however, is whether the child care actually causes the problem or whether children likely to turn out aggressive happen to be those who spend more hours in child care. It also remains unclear whether reducing the amount of time in child care will reduce the risk that a child will turn into a mean person. What's more, quality child care is associated with increased skills in intellectual ability such as language and memory, leading some academics to suggest that child care turns out children who are "smart and naughty".
The government-sponsored research, which has tracked more than 1,300 children at 10 sites across the country since 1991, is bound to cause the debate over child care again: How should people balance work and family? And how should parents, especially mothers, resolve the demands that are placed on them to be both breadwinners and supermoms?
That debate was already on display at a new briefing yesterday, where researchers themselves had different opinions about the data and its implications（含义）. "There is a constant relationship between time in care and problem behavior, especially those involving aggression and behavior," said Jay Belsky of Birkbeck College in London, one of the lead investigators of the study who has previously annoyed women's groups because of his criticisms of child care. "On behalf of fathers or mothers?" interrupted Sarah Friedman, a developmental psychologist at the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) and one of the other lead scientists on the study. "On behalf of parents and families," responded Belsky.
"NICHD is not willing to get into policy recommendations," said Friedman, contradicting her colleague. "There are other possibilities that can be entertained. Yes it is a quick solution—more hours in child care is associated with more problems. The easy solution is to cut the number of hours but that may have implications for the family that may not be beneficial for the development of the children in terms of economics." In an interview after the briefing, Friedman said that asking parents to work fewer hours and spend more time with their children usually meant a loss of family income, which adversely（不利地）affects children.
Scientists said that the study was highly reliable. But the researchers said they had no whether the behavioral difficulties persisted as the children moved to higher grades.
1.Children who spend more time in quality child care will ________.
A. develop greater ability in language
B. be easy to manage and less naughty
C. possess great risk-taking spirit
D. be greedy and mean to their classmates
2.What is still unknown about higher level of aggressiveness in kindergarten children?
A. Whether higher level of aggressiveness can be avoided with longer child care.
B. Where longer child care equally affects children from different families.
C. Whether aggressiveness is a direct result of longer child care.
D. Whether longer child care improves intellectual ability in children.
3.In the fifth paragraph the word "it" probably mean “________”.
A. NICHD is unwilling to give parents recomme ndations
B. NICHD is willing to give policy advice concerning child care
C. the number of hours in child care should be reduced significantly
D. parents should discipline the behavior of their children more strictly
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题
The more hours young children spend in child care, the more likely they are to turn out aggressive and disobedient by the time they are in kindergarten, according to the largest study of child care and development ever conducted. Researchers said this correlation(相关性) held true regardless of whether the children came from rich or poor homes, were looked after by a relative or at a center, and whether they were girls or boys.
What is uncertain, however, is whether the child care actually causes the problem or whether children likely to turn out aggressive happen to be those who spend more hours in child care. It also remains unclear whether reducing the amount of time in child care will reduce the risk that a child will turn into a mean person. What's more, quality child care is associated with increased skills in intellectual ability such as language and memory, leading some academics to suggest that child care turns out children who are "smart and naughty".
The government-sponsored research, which has tracked more than 1,300 children at 10 sites across the country since 1991, is bound to cause the debate over child care again: How should people balance work and family? And how should parents, especially mothers, resolve the demands that are placed on them to be both breadwinners and supermoms?
That debate was already on display at a new briefing yesterday, where researchers themselves had different opinions about the data and its implications（含义）. "There is a constant relationship between time in care and problem behavior, especially those involving aggression and behavior," said Jay Belsky of Birkbeck College in London, one of the lead investigators of the study who has previously annoyed women's groups because of his criticisms of child care. "On behalf of fathers or mothers?" interrupted Sarah Friedman, a developmental psychologist at the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) and one of the other lead scientists on the study. "On behalf of parents and families," responded Belsky.
"NICHD is not willing to get into policy recommendations," said Friedman, contradicting her colleague. "There are other possibilities that can be entertained. Yes it is a quick solution—more hours in child care is associated with more problems. The easy solution is to cut the number of hours but that may have implications for the family that may not be beneficial for the development of the children in terms of economics." In an interview after the briefing, Friedman said that asking parents to work fewer hours and spend more time with their children usually meant a loss of family income, which adversely（不利地）affects children.
Scientists said that the study was highly reliable. But the researchers said they had no whether the behavioral difficulties persisted as the children moved to higher grades.
1.Children who spend more time in quality child care will ________.
A. develop greater ability in language
B. be easy to manage and less naughty
C. possess great risk-taking spirit
D. be greedy and mean to their classmates
2.What is still unknown about higher level of aggressiveness in kindergarten children?
A. Whether higher level of aggressiveness can be avoided with longer child care.
B. Where longer child care equally affects children from different families.
C. Whether aggressiveness is a direct result of longer child care.
D. Whether longer child care improves intellectual ability in children.
3.In the fifth paragraph the word "it" probably mean “________”.
A. NICHD is unwilling to give parents recomme ndations
B. NICHD is willing to give policy advice concerning child care
C. the number of hours in child care should be reduced significantly
D. parents should discipline the behavior of their children more strictly
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
The more hours that young children spend in child care, the more likely they are to turn out aggressive and disobedient by the time they are in kindergarten, according to the largest study of child care and development ever conducted. Researchers said this correlation (相关性) held true regardless of whether the children came from rich or poor homes, were looked after by a relative or at a center, and whether they were girls or boys.
What is uncertain, however, is whether the child care actually causes the problem or whether children likely to turn out aggressive happen to be those who spend more hours in child care. It also remains unclear whether reducing the amount of time in child care will reduce the risk that a child will turn into a mean person. What’s more, quality child care is associated with increased skills in intellectual ability such as language and memory, leading some academics to suggest that child care turns out children who are “smart and naughty”.
The government-sponsored research, which has tracked more than 1,300 children at 10 sites across the country since 1991, is bound to cause the debate over child care again: How should people balance work and family? And how should parents, especially mothers. Resolve the demands that are placed on them to be both breadwinners and supermoms?
That debate was already on display at a news briefing yesterday, where researchers themselves had different opinions about the data and its implications (含义). “There is a constant relationship between time in care and problem behavior, especially those involving aggression and behavior,” said Jay Belsky of Birkbeck College in London, one of the lead investigators of the study who has previously annoyed women’s groups because of his criticisms of child care. “On behalf of fathers or mothers?” interrupted Sarah Friedman, a developmental psychologist at the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) and one of the other lead scientists on the study. “On behalf of parents and families,” responded Belsky.
“NICHD is not willing to get into policy recommendations.” said Friedman, contradicting her colleague. “There are other possibilities that can be entertained. Yes it is a quick solution—more hours in child care is associated with more problems. The easy solution is to cut the number of hours but that may have implications for the family that may not be beneficial for the development of the children in terms of economics.” In an interview after the briefing, Friedman said that asking parents to work fewer hours and spend more time with their children usually meant a loss of family income, which adversely(不利地) affects children.
Scientists said that the study was highly reliable. But the researchers said they had no idea whether the behavioral difficulties persisted as the children moved to higher grades.
1.Children who spend more time in quality child care will ________.
A. develop greater ability in language B. be easy to manage and less naughty
C. possess great risk-taking spirit D. be greedy and mean to their classmates
2.What is still unknown about higher level of aggressiveness in kindergarten children?
A. Whether higher level of aggressiveness can be avoided with longer child care.
B. Where longer child care equally affects children from different families.
C. Whether aggressiveness is a direct result of longer child care.
D. Whether longer child care improves intellectual ability in children.
3.In the fifth paragraph the word “it” probably means ________.
A. NICHD is unwilling to give parents recommendations
B. NICHD is willing to give policy advice concerning child care
C. the number of hours in child care should be reduced significantly
D. parents should discipline the behavior of their children more strictly
4.According to Friedman, Cutting the number of hours in child care ________.
A. may prevent families from having the necessary financial sources
B. will make families unable to enjoy much of the social benefits
C. will result in subsequent behavioral difficulties in children
D. should be accompanied with the improvement in the quality of child care
高三英语阅读理解困难题查看答案及解析
The hours ________ the children spend in their one way relationship with television people undoubtedly affect their relationships with real-life people．
| A．that | B．when | C．in which | D．on which |
高三英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析
The amount of time young children in the United States spend with mobile screens might raise some eyebrows, as a new report found it has tripled in just four years.
Children 8 and younger spent about 15 minutes a day staring at a mobile screen in 2013 and now they spend 48 minutes a day, according to the report by Common Sense Media, a nonprofit organization focused on helping children, parents, and educators navigate the world of media and technology.
The report, released on Thursday, also found that 42% of children 8 and younger now have their own tablet devices, a sharp increase from 7% four years ago and less than 1% in 2011.
Children spending more time on mobile devices comes as no shock to Douglas Gentile, a psychology professor at Iowa State University who was not involved in the new report but has studied the effects of media use on children.
“On the one hand, it's not surprising because it's what we look around ourselves and can see.I can see it at the airport, for example, I can see it at restaurants and I can even see it in my own home where my younger daughter watches almost no television, but she'll watch lots of TV shows on her phone, "Gentile said.
“On the other hand, it's been getting harder for parents to really monitor a lot of what their kids are seeing and doing.At the same time, they're relying on the seeming benefit of being able to quiet the kid at a restaurant with a device,” he said. “We may be building a bit of a Frankenstein’s monster, because we re using that power for our benefit, not for the child’s benefit.”
These changing patterns in how children interact with media appear to be great, said James Steyer, chief executive officer and founder of Common Sense Media.in an email to CNN. “One of the most shocking findings is that mobile devices are now as popular in the home as TVs-98% of households with kids under 8 have a mobile device,” he said. “The ubiquity of mobile is changing childhood.”
1.The writer uses figures in the second paragraph to_________.
A.prove the reliability of the report.
B.praise the efforts made by Common Sense Media.
C.indicate the popular use of mobile devices nowadays.
D.illustrate the increase of time children spend on mobile devices.
2.According to Douglas Gentile, parents_________.
A.can totally control children's use of mobile devices .
B.always use mobile devices in favor of their children.
C.partly cause children's increasing use of mobile devices.
D.often discourage their children from using mobile devices.
3.The underlined word in the last paragraph most probably means “_________”.
A.rare use. B.important role.
C.obvious benefit D.common existence
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
Teenagers who spend hours in front of the television may have a poorer diet as young adults.
A study，which included nearly 1，400 high school students，found those who watched TV for five hours or more per day had less healthy diets than peers(同龄人）five years later. Why does this happen? Should the parents take any measures?
On the one hand，people who spend a lot of time in front of the TV, especially teenagers，may snack more，and that may affect their long-term diet quality.
On the other hand，TV ads for fast food，sweets and snacks tempt teenagers to eat more of those foods. And TV time might also replace exercise time for some kids.
Lead researcher Dr. Daheia J. Barr-Anderson，of the University of Minnesota in Minneapolis，told Reuters Health a clear correlation between TV time during high school and diet quality in young adulthood. While the heaviest TV viewers were eating the most junk food , those who'd watched less than two hours per day had the highest intake(吸收)of fruits，vegetables, whole grains and high-calcium food. In her opinion，parents should limit and monitor TV viewing.
As far as I am concerned，children should watch no more than two hours of television per day. And parents should set a good example by eating right，being physically active and curbing their own TV time.
1. What's the best title for this passage?
A. People should keep away from TV to keep healthy.
B. Teenagers' TV time may affect their diets later.
C. Why do teenagers like TV"
D. Parents' own habits may affect children later.
2.According to the passage，heavy TV viewers tend to＿ ．
A. eat more fruits B. eat less junk food
C. take in fewer vegetables D. take in high-calcium food
3.What suggestion does the author give the parents？
A. They must watch TV with their children.
B. They should forbid the children to watch TV.
C. They should pay attention to nutrition in diets.
D. They can't do what they don't want their children to do.
4.The underlined word“curbing" in the last paragraph can be replaced by
A. adding B. checking C. controlling D. stopping
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
Teenagers who spend hours in front of the television may have a poorer diet as young adults.
A study，which included nearly 1，400 high school students，found those who watched TV for five hours or more per day had less healthy diets than peers(同龄人）five years later. Why does this happen? Should the parents take any measures?
On the one hand，people who spend a lot of time in front of the TV, especially teenagers，may snack more，and that may affect their long-term diet quality.
On the other hand，TV ads for fast food，sweets and snacks tempt teenagers to eat more of those foods. And TV time might also replace exercise time for some kids.
Lead researcher Dr. Daheia J. Barr-Anderson，of the University of Minnesota in Minneapolis，told Reuters Health a clear correlation between TV time during high school and diet quality in young adulthood. While the heaviest TV viewers were eating the most junk food , those who'd watched less than two hours per day had the highest intake(吸收)of fruits，vegetables, whole grains and high-calcium food. In her opinion，parents should limit and monitor TV viewing.
As far as I am concerned，children should watch no more than two hours of television per day. And parents should set a good example by eating right，being physically active and curbing their own TV time.
1.What's the best title for this passage?
A. People should keep away from TV to keep healthy.
B. Teenagers' TV time may affect their diets later.
C. Why do teenagers like TV"
D. Parents' own habits may affect children later.
2.According to the passage，heavy TV viewers tend to＿．
A. eat more fruits B. eat less junk food
C. take in fewer vegetables D. take in high-calcium food
3.What suggestion does the author give the parents？
A. They must watch TV with their children.
B. They should forbid the children to watch TV.
C. They should pay attention to nutrition in diets.
D. They can't do what they don't want their children to do.
4.The underlined word“curbing" in the last paragraph can be replaced by
A. adding B. checking
C. controlling D. stopping
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
A new report from the U.K. says that more than 1 in 5 teens there spend five hours or more per day on social media. And the heavier users of social media go to bed later and get poorer quality sleep. The new study was based on self-reported survey data from nearly 12,000 teenage participants in the U.K. Millennium Cohort Study.
Megan Moreno, a researcher at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, says that social media is too often described as either entirely good or bad, when the reality is more complicated for teens. "Social media may have its problems, but it is the way that they stay in touch with each other," she says.
Perhaps unsurprisingly, the study found a link between high social media usage and poor sleep patterns. Specifically, teens who report heavier social media use go to sleep later. And, the study authors note, late bedtimes are linked with poorer academic and mental health outcomes.
Holly Scott, a researcher at the University of Glasgow, isn't sounding the alarm. She says, "it's easy to look at the results of this and think, 'We should just get teenagers to spend less time on social media.' I think that's an understandable response, but what I really encourage people to do is look beyond that." She says people should pay attention to the "important emotional and cognitive and social factors" at play with when teenagers are using social media.
Scott emphasizes that the study is pointing to a correlation between social media and poor sleep, but not necessarily demonstrating cause and effect.
"Certainly some teens do say that they struggle to get off of social media at night — they might be worried about missing out on things, or affecting their friends by not answering messages — and they stay up late from that," she says. But, "maybe for some of those young people they have a naturally later body clock, and are passing their free time at night on social media until they're ready to fall asleep," she says.
1.What’s the purpose of the new study in the U.K.?
A.To find the benefits of using social media.
B.To know the effects of using social media.
C.To know teenagers’ habits of using social media.
D.To prove the growing popularity of social media.
2.What attitude does Megan Moreno take towards social media?
A.Critical.
B.Positive.
C.Objective.
D.Confused.
3.What does Holly Scott think of social media’s causing poor sleep?
A.It’s interesting.
B.It’s impossible.
C.It’s beyond doubt.
D.It lacks evidence.
4.What is the best title for the text?
A.How to Sleep Well Tonight
B.Social Media Is Wasting Our Time
C.Teens May Be Losing Sleep Over Social Media
D.Make Use of Social Media in an Effective Way
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
We had to spend three more hours waiting in ______cafe at the airport because _______ flight was delayed.
A．a; the B．不填; the C．the; 不填 D．a; a
高三英语单项填空简单题查看答案及解析
SHANGHAI - Health experts in Shanghai are calling for more protection for young children as the latest research shows about half of the youngsters are suffering from secondhand smoke.
About 45 percent of children suffer passive smoking in families, 50 percent in public places, and almost 6 percent on public transportation, shows a research released by the Shanghai Children's Medical Center on Tuesday.
"Not only adults but also children and newborn babies are at risk for the adverse effects of passive smoking," said Tang Jingyan, a doctor at the Shanghai Children's Medical Center.
"Actually, those young children whose bodies are still growing and developing are more sensitive to the effects of secondhand smoke."
Research has shown that children who are exposed to secondhand smoke will suffer from more colds, coughs and sore throats, and they are more likely to suffer from bronchitis, pneumonia and will have a higher risk of developing cancer.
Doctors even suggested that children suffering passive smoking are more likely to have behavioral problems and may not develop mentally as quickly as their peers．
Other research by the Shanghai Children's Medical Center has found that more than 80 percent of child patients in the center live in a smoke-filled household, where one or both parents smoke．
"Though doctors have stressed the harm of passive smoking over and over, it is still hard to reach a totally 'smoke free' home," said a pediatrician named Zhang Yiwen, noting that parents are often tempted to smoke even though they have learned the harmful effects of secondhand smoke.
China has 540 million people suffering from passive smoke, 180 million of them younger than 15．The age of smokers is also getting lower, earlier reports said.
"There are more young smokers than before．You can see young people wearing a school uniform and carrying a schoolbag light a cigarette on the street．Some of them are even female students," said Jing Xingming, a professor of children's developmental behavior at the center.
"Children like to imitate adults, especially their parents．If parents often smoke at home, it is very likely children will develop a smoking habit, which can cause a vicious circle," Jin said.
Reports from the Ministry of Health said China has about 350 million smokers, of whom 15 million are underage smokers．Also, around 40 million of the country's 130 million children aged between 13 and 18 had tried smoking, and 15 million had become addicted to tobacco.
1.What is the main idea of the passage?
A．About half of the youngsters are suffering from secondhand smoke.
B．Experts are calling for more protection for youngsters from smoking.
C．More and more youngsters are picking up the habit of smoking.
D．Smoking does great harm to the health of the youngsters.
2.What kind of the youngsters most possibly develop a habit of smoking?
A．Children of non-smoking mothers. B．Children of non-smoking fathers.
C．Children of heavy smokers. D．Children from some smoking centers.
3.Which of the following disease may not be connected with secondhand smoking?
A．Cancer. B．Behavioral problems. C．Sore throats. D．Coughs.
4.The underlined word “vicious” in the last paragraph but one most probably means ___________.
A．complete B．simple C．great D．bad
5.What can be inferred from the passage?
A．About 80% of the children in the Shanghai Children's Medical Center smoke heavily.
B．About 45 percent of children suffer passive smoking in the Shanghai Children's Medical Center.
C．About 540 million people are heavy smokers in China.
D．Children aged between 13 to 18 are more likely addicted to smoking.
高三英语阅读理解简单题查看答案及解析
SHANGHAI - Health experts in Shanghai are calling for more protection for young children as the latest research shows about half of the youngsters are suffering from secondhand smoke.
About 45 percent of children suffer passive smoking in families, 50 percent in public places, and almost 6 percent on public transportation, shows a research released by the Shanghai Children's Medical Center on Tuesday.
"Not only adults but also children and newborn babies are at risk for the adverse effects of passive smoking," said Tang Jingyan, a doctor at the Shanghai Children's Medical Center.
"Actually, those young children whose bodies are still growing and developing are more sensitive to the effects of secondhand smoke."
Research has shown that children who are exposed to secondhand smoke will suffer from more colds, coughs and sore throats, and they are more likely to suffer from bronchitis, pneumonia and will have a higher risk of developing cancer.
Doctors even suggested that children suffering passive smoking are more likely to have behavioral problems and may not develop mentally as quickly as their peers.
Other research by the Shanghai Children's Medical Center has found that more than 80 percent of child patients in the center live in a smoke-filled household, where one or both parents smoke.
"Though doctors have stressed the harm of passive smoking over and over, it is still hard to reach a totally 'smoke free' home," said a pediatrician named Zhang Yiwen, noting that parents are often tempted to smoke even though they have learned the harmful effects of secondhand smoke.
China has 540 million people suffering from passive smoke, 180 million of them younger than 15. The age of smokers is also getting lower, earlier reports said.
"There are more young smokers than before. You can see young people wearing a school uniform and carrying a schoolbag light a cigarette on the street. Some of them are even female students," said Jing Xingming, a professor of children's developmental behavior at the center.
"Children like to imitate adults, especially their parents. If parents often smoke at home, it is very likely children will develop a smoking habit, which can cause a vicious circle," Jin said.
Reports from the Ministry of Health said China has about 350 million smokers, of whom 15 million are underage smokers. Also, around 40 million of the country's 130 million children aged between 13 and 18 had tried smoking, and 15 million had become addicted to tobacco.
1.What is the main idea of the passage?
A. About half of the youngsters are suffering from secondhand smoke.
B. Experts are calling for more protection for youngsters from smoking.
C. More and more youngsters are picking up the habit of smoking.
D. Smoking does great harm to the health of the youngsters.
2.What kind of the youngsters most possibly develop a habit of smoking?
A. Children of non-smoking mothers. B. Children of non-smoking fathers.
C. Children of heavy smokers. D. Children from some smoking centers.
3. Which of the following disease may not be connected with secondhand smoking?
A. Cancer. B. Behavioral problems. C. Sore throats. D. Coughs.
4. The underlined word “vicious” in the last paragraph but one most probably means ___________.
A. complete B. simple C. great D. bad
5.What can be inferred from the passage?
A. About 80% of the children in the Shanghai Children's Medical Center smoke heavily.
B. About 45 percent of children suffer passive smoking in the Shanghai Children's Medical Center.
C. About 540 million people are heavy smokers in China.
D. Children aged between 13 to 18 are more likely addicted to smoking.
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析