Bats are the only mammals that can fly a grea...

Bats are the only mammals that can fly a great distance, but they have another ability. Many bats live a very long time for an animal of their size. European researchers are studying bats to understand why they live so long. They hope to make discoveries aimed at fighting the aging process in human beings.

Last week, the group of scientists said they had discovered important biological qualities in some bat species.The group studied bat chromosomes(染色体). The scientists were most interested in structures connected to the ends of the chromosomes. They are called telomeres(端粒)，which shorten each time a cell divides. Scientists believe this shortening process causes cells to break down. They say this is what causes aging.

The European researchers studied 493 bats from four bat species. The group used information that had been gathered over more than 60 years. Of these animals, the greater mouse-eared bat generally lived an average of 37 years.The scientists said it had telomeres that did not shorten with age. Another Myotis bat holds the record for oldest age, reaching 41 years.The scientists’ findings suggest that these bats’ cells have the ability to maintain and repair their telomeres. This, they said, helps guard against the aging process.

Based on its body size, a bat like the greater mouse-eared bat would be expected to live four years. But, these mammals have been found to live nearly 10 times longer than that. The scientists found that only 19 species of mammals live longer than humans when their body size is considered. Eighteen of these are bats. The only exception is an unusual African rat.

1.What decides bats’ aging process according to the text?     .

A. The body size of the bat　　 B. The type of chromosomes

C. The building of cell　　 D. The length of telomeres

2.How long does a greater mouse-eared bat generally live?

A. 19 years.　　 B. 41 years.

C. 37 years.　　 D. 60 years.

3.We can learn from the text that  _________    .

A. nineteen kinds of bats could live longer than humans

B. the scientists have studied bats for more than six decades

C. the bats studied in the research are of the same species

D. researchers focus on finding out why humans live long

4.In which column of a magazine can you read the text?

A. Science　　 B. Lifestyle

C. Fashion　　 D. Business

高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析

Bats are the only mammals that can fly a great distance, but they have another ability. Many bats live a very long time for an animal of their size. European researchers are studying bats to understand why they live so long. They hope to make discoveries aimed at fighting the aging process in human beings.

Last week, the group of scientists said they had identified important biological qualities in some bat species. The group studied the bats’ chromosomes (染色体), a line of genes found in the nucleus of cells. The scientists were most interested in structures connected to the ends of the chromosomes. They are called telomeres (端粒), which protect the ends of chromosomes and shorten each time a cell divides. Scientists believe this shortening process causes cells to break down. They say this is what cause aging.

The European researchers studied 493 bats from four bat species. The group used information that had been gathered over more than 60 years. Of these animals, the greater mouse-eared bat generally lived the longest, an average of 37 years. The scientists said this and a related species, which are grouped together under the name Myotis, had telomeres that did not shorten with age. Another Myotis bat holds the record for the oldest age, reaching 41 years. The scientists’ findings suggest that these bats’ cells have the ability to maintain and repair their telomeres. This helps guard against the aging process.

Based on its body size, a bat like the greater mouse-eared bat would be expected to live four years. But, these mammals have been found to live nearly 10 times longer than that. The scientists found that only 19 species of mammals live longer than humans when their body size is considered. Eighteen of these are bats.

1.Why are European researchers studying bats?

A.To learn the similar habits between bats and human beings.

B.To find out why the greater mouse-eared bats live a long life.

C.To try to understand why bats prefer to fly during the night.

D.To discover a good way to prevent human beings from aging.

2.What does the second paragraph mainly explain to us?

A.The structures of the bats’ chromosomes. B.What causes aging biologically.

C.The functions of telomeres. D.What causes cells to break down.

3.Why do the greater mouse-eared bat and another Myotis bat live so long?

A.They are grouped together under the name Myotis.

B.Their telomeres are decreasing with age.

C.Their cells are able to keep up and fix their telomeres.

D.They have more telomeres than human beings do.

4.What can we infer from the last paragraph?

A.Bats live 10 times longer than other mammals.

B.Bats enjoy the longest life among mammals.

C.The greater mouse-eared bat and other bats should have lived longer.

D.Many bats live longer than human beings considering their body size.

高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析

Bats are the only mammals(哺乳动物) that can fly a great distance, but they have another ability. Many bats live a very long time for an animal of their size. European researchers are studying bats to understand why they lives0 long. They hope to make discoveries aimed at fighting the aging process in human beings.

Last week, the group of scientists said they had identified important biological qualities in some bat species. The group studied bat chromosomes(染色体), a line of genes found in the nucleus(细胞核) of cells. The scientists were most interested in structures connected to the ends of the chromosomes. They are called telomeres(端粒), which protect the ends of chromosomes and shorten each time a cell divides. Scientists believe this shortening process causes cells to breakdown. They say this is what causes aging.

The European researchers studied 493 bats from four bat species. The group used information that had been gathered over more than 60 years. Of these animals ，the greater mouse-eared bat generally lived the longest, an average of 37 years. The scientists said this and a related species, which are grouped together under the name Myotis, had telomeres that did not shorten with age. Another Myotis bat holds the record for oldest age, reaching 41years. The scientists’ findings suggest that these bats cells have the ability to maintain and repair their telomeres. This, they said, helps guard against the aging process.

Based on its body size, a bat like the greater mouse-eared bat would be expected to live four years. But, these mammals have been found to live nearly 10 times longer than that. The scientists found that only 19 species of mammals live longer than humans when their body size is considered. Eighteen of these are bats.

1.European researchers are studying bats mainly hoping to　　　　　　　　 .

A. learn the living habit of bats.

B. find out why bats enjoy a long life.

C. try to understand why bats can fly as a mammal

D. discover a good way to prevent human beings from aging.

2.What does the second paragraph mainly explain to us?

A. The structures of bats’ chromosomes.

B. What cause aging biologically.

C. The functions of telomeres.

D. What causes cells to break down.

3.The greater mouse-eared bat and Myotis bat live so long because　　　　　　　　 .

A. they are grouped together under the name Myois

B. their telomeres are decreasing with age

C. their ells are able to keep up and fix their telomeres

D. their bodies produce more telomeres than human beings

4.From the last paragraph, we can infer that.　　　　　　　　 .

A. bats live 10 times longer that human beings

B. bats enjoy the longest life among mammals

C. bats like the greater mouse-eared bat should have lived longer

D. Most bats live longer than human beings considering their body size

高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析

How do the world’s only flying mammals communicate? Researchers have observed young bats adopting new “dialects” simply by hearing them repeatedly, making them one of the few animals known to have a capacity for vocal (声音的) learning. “These bats may help us clarify the evolution of speech acquisition (习得) skills,” says Yosef Prat, a PhD at Tel Aviv University (TAU).

For one year, researchers raised 14 Egyptian fruit bat pups with their mothers in controlled area, exposing each young bat to two different vocalizations: the natural call of its mother and a separate recording that varied in pitch (音高) or frequency. They found that the pups in each group developed a dialect like the recording. “The general assumption in this field is that most animals develop their born vocalizations regardless of what they hear, and that human vocal learning abilities have developed during evolution,” says Mr Prat. “The finding that bats learn the common dialect in their rest place was unusual.”

Scientists know little about the origin of spoken language, which is believed to have appeared in humans within the past 500,000 years. Dozens of theories attempt to explain the complexity of this skill, but none have done so conclusively.

“Studying vocal communication and vocal learning in animal models is a very useful way to approach the problem,” says Olga Feher, an assistant professor at the University of Warwick in England.

But animal vocalizations and human speech are very different things, says Jamin Pelkey, a professor at Ryerson University. “All species communicate. Unlike other animals, though, human beings are able to use sound patterns for functions that are far stranger—functions that are imaginative, theoretical, and critical. When speech is involved in these stranger functions, that is what we mean by spoken ‘language’.”

1.How do young bats acquire their “language” according to the research?

A.Flying in the air slowly.

B.Hearing it again and again.

C.Communicating with partners.

D.Repeating it with their mothers.

2.What was the general view about animal vocalization?

A.Most animals are born with it

B.Its process was unusual.

C.It is easier than human speech.

D.What animals heard doesn’t affect their learning.

3.What does the underlined word “problem” in Paragraph 4 refer to?

A.The difference between animals and humans.

B.The complexity of spoken language.

C.The origin of spoken language.

D.The study of animal models.

4.What does professor Pelkey think of researching young bats?

A.It is far from the fact

B.Its result is beyond doubt.

C.It is of great scientific value.

D.It doesn’t relate to human speech much.

高三英语阅读理解困难题查看答案及解析

At night, bats fly through the air, catching hundreds of insects and other small animals. But during the day, they hardly move at all. Instead, bats pass the time hanging upside down from a secret spot.

There are a couple of reasons why bats rest this way. First of all, it puts them in a position for takeoff. Unlike birds, bats can’t fly into the air from the ground. Their wings don’t produce enough lift to take off from a dead stop, and their hind legs are so small and underdeveloped that they can’t run to build up the necessary takeoff speed. Instead, they use their front claws to climb to a high spot, and then fall into flight.

During the hours when most enemies are active, bats gather where few animals would think to look and most can’t reach. This allows them to disappear from the world until night comes again. There’s also little competition for these resting spots, as other flying animals don’t have the ability to hang upside down. Bats have a unique physiological adaptation that lets them hang around this way without using any energy. For you to hold your fist around an object tight, you contract(紧缩) several muscles in your arm, which are connected to your fingers by tendons(腱)；as one muscle contracts, it pulls a tendon, which pulls one of your fingers closed. A bat’s talons(爪) close in the same way, except that their tendons are connected only to the upper body, not to a muscle. To hang upside down, a bat pulls its claws open with other muscles. To get the talons to take hold of the surface, the bat simply lets its body relax. The weight of the upper body pulls down on the tendons connected to the talons, causing them to hold tight. Therefore, the bat doesn’t have to do anything to hang upside down.

1.Bats hang upside down because________.

A. they haven’t developed a pair of strong claws

B. they can’t start to fly from the ground directly

C. they have no hind legs to support their body

D. they can’t find quiet places to stay during the day

2.The third paragraph tells us that bats’ hanging upside down_______.

A. is to save their energy for night movement

B. is a way to fight against flying animals

C. is a great way to hide from danger

D. is a skill to compete for the flying places

3.Why can bats hang upside down easily?

A. Because their upper body is light.

B. Because they have strong muscles.

C. Because their talons are linked to muscles tightly.

D. Because their tendons are linked to their upper body.

4.What is the passage mainly about?

A. The living habits of bats.

B. How and why bats hang upside down.

C. The importance of bats’ hanging upside down.

D. How bats use their energy at night.

高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析

—So hardin the past few years that he has made great progress in English.

—I can see that, only a few mistakes________in this exam.

A．has he worked; did he make           B．he has worked; he made

C．he has worked; has he made           D．has he worked; he made

高三英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析

Birds are the only animals with feathers, although some other animals, such as insects and bats, also have wings．Nearly all birds can fly, and even flightless birds, such as ostriches （鸵鸟）, penguins, evolved from flying ancestors．

Birds are found worldwide in many habitats．They can fly over some of the highest mountains on earth as well as both of the earth’s poles, dive through water to depths of more than 250m, and occupy habitats with the most extreme climates on the planet, including arctic tundra （冻土地带） and the Sahara Desert．Certain kinds of seabirds are commonly seen over the open ocean thousands of kilometers from the nearest land, but all birds must come ashore to raise their young．

Highly developed animals, birds are sensitive and responsive, colorful and graceful, with habits that excite interest and inquiry．People have long been fascinated by birds, in part because birds are found in the same habitats in which humans live．And like people, most species of birds are active during daylight hours．Humans find inspiration in birds’ capacity for flight and in their musical calls．Humans also find birds useful---their flesh and eggs for food, their feathers for warmth, and their companionship．Perhaps a key basis for our friendliness with birds is the similarity of our sensory worlds: Both birds and humans rely more heavily on hearing and color vision than on smell．Birds are useful indicators of the quality of the environment, because the health of bird populations mirrors the health of our environment．The rapid decline in birds populations and the accelerating extinction rates of birds in the world’s forests, grassland, wetlands, and islands are therefore reasons for great concern．

1.Which of the following would be the best title of the text?

A．Animals with Feathers and Wings

Our friendliness with birds

C．An introduction to Birds

D．Bird’s life

2.What does the second paragraph mainly tell us ?

A．Bird’s friendship              Bird’s habitats

C．Bird’s raising                 D．Bird’s environment

3.Which of following is NOT true according to the passage ?

A．Bird’s flying abilities and musical calls inspire humans greatly．

Birds live in the same surroundings in which humans live．

C．Both birds and humans rely more heavily on hearing and smell than on color vision．

D．Bird’s flesh and eggs for food, bird’s feathers for warmth, and their companionship are useful to us．

4.From the text it may imply but NOT state that __________．

A．the environment is being damaged seriously

if you want to raise birds, you should pay attention to environment

C．the environment affects the human beings

D．bird populations decrease rapidly

高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析

—I can drive you home.

—____ , but are you sure it’s not too much trouble?

A. That would be great　　 　 　 B. Don’t bother

C. I’m afraid not　　　　 　　 　 D. Take care

高三英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析

—I can drive you home.

—____ , but are you sure it’s not too much trouble?

A.That would be great B.Don’t bother

C.I’m afraid not D.Take care

高三英语单项填空简单题查看答案及解析

—I can drive you home.

—____ , but are you sure it’s not too much trouble?

A. That would be great　 　 B. Don’t bother

C. I’m afraid not　　　　　 D. Take care

高三英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析