Bats are the only mammals(哺乳动物) that can fly a great distance, but they have another ability. Many bats live a very long time for an animal of their size. European researchers are studying bats to understand why they lives0 long. They hope to make discoveries aimed at fighting the aging process in human beings.
Last week, the group of scientists said they had identified important biological qualities in some bat species. The group studied bat chromosomes(染色体), a line of genes found in the nucleus(细胞核) of cells. The scientists were most interested in structures connected to the ends of the chromosomes. They are called telomeres(端粒), which protect the ends of chromosomes and shorten each time a cell divides. Scientists believe this shortening process causes cells to breakdown. They say this is what causes aging.
The European researchers studied 493 bats from four bat species. The group used information that had been gathered over more than 60 years. Of these animals ,the greater mouse-eared bat generally lived the longest, an average of 37 years. The scientists said this and a related species, which are grouped together under the name Myotis, had telomeres that did not shorten with age. Another Myotis bat holds the record for oldest age, reaching 41years. The scientists’ findings suggest that these bats cells have the ability to maintain and repair their telomeres. This, they said, helps guard against the aging process.
Based on its body size, a bat like the greater mouse-eared bat would be expected to live four years. But, these mammals have been found to live nearly 10 times longer than that. The scientists found that only 19 species of mammals live longer than humans when their body size is considered. Eighteen of these are bats.
1.European researchers are studying bats mainly hoping to .
A. learn the living habit of bats.
B. find out why bats enjoy a long life.
C. try to understand why bats can fly as a mammal
D. discover a good way to prevent human beings from aging.
2.What does the second paragraph mainly explain to us?
A. The structures of bats’ chromosomes.
B. What cause aging biologically.
C. The functions of telomeres.
D. What causes cells to break down.
3.The greater mouse-eared bat and Myotis bat live so long because .
A. they are grouped together under the name Myois
B. their telomeres are decreasing with age
C. their ells are able to keep up and fix their telomeres
D. their bodies produce more telomeres than human beings
4.From the last paragraph, we can infer that. .
A. bats live 10 times longer that human beings
B. bats enjoy the longest life among mammals
C. bats like the greater mouse-eared bat should have lived longer
D. Most bats live longer than human beings considering their body size
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题
Bats are the only mammals(哺乳动物) that can fly a great distance, but they have another ability. Many bats live a very long time for an animal of their size. European researchers are studying bats to understand why they lives0 long. They hope to make discoveries aimed at fighting the aging process in human beings.
Last week, the group of scientists said they had identified important biological qualities in some bat species. The group studied bat chromosomes(染色体), a line of genes found in the nucleus(细胞核) of cells. The scientists were most interested in structures connected to the ends of the chromosomes. They are called telomeres(端粒), which protect the ends of chromosomes and shorten each time a cell divides. Scientists believe this shortening process causes cells to breakdown. They say this is what causes aging.
The European researchers studied 493 bats from four bat species. The group used information that had been gathered over more than 60 years. Of these animals ,the greater mouse-eared bat generally lived the longest, an average of 37 years. The scientists said this and a related species, which are grouped together under the name Myotis, had telomeres that did not shorten with age. Another Myotis bat holds the record for oldest age, reaching 41years. The scientists’ findings suggest that these bats cells have the ability to maintain and repair their telomeres. This, they said, helps guard against the aging process.
Based on its body size, a bat like the greater mouse-eared bat would be expected to live four years. But, these mammals have been found to live nearly 10 times longer than that. The scientists found that only 19 species of mammals live longer than humans when their body size is considered. Eighteen of these are bats.
1.European researchers are studying bats mainly hoping to .
A. learn the living habit of bats.
B. find out why bats enjoy a long life.
C. try to understand why bats can fly as a mammal
D. discover a good way to prevent human beings from aging.
2.What does the second paragraph mainly explain to us?
A. The structures of bats’ chromosomes.
B. What cause aging biologically.
C. The functions of telomeres.
D. What causes cells to break down.
3.The greater mouse-eared bat and Myotis bat live so long because .
A. they are grouped together under the name Myois
B. their telomeres are decreasing with age
C. their ells are able to keep up and fix their telomeres
D. their bodies produce more telomeres than human beings
4.From the last paragraph, we can infer that. .
A. bats live 10 times longer that human beings
B. bats enjoy the longest life among mammals
C. bats like the greater mouse-eared bat should have lived longer
D. Most bats live longer than human beings considering their body size
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
Bats are the only mammals that can fly a great distance, but they have another ability. Many bats live a very long time for an animal of their size. European researchers are studying bats to understand why they live so long. They hope to make discoveries aimed at fighting the aging process in human beings.
Last week, the group of scientists said they had discovered important biological qualities in some bat species.The group studied bat chromosomes(染色体). The scientists were most interested in structures connected to the ends of the chromosomes. They are called telomeres(端粒),which shorten each time a cell divides. Scientists believe this shortening process causes cells to break down. They say this is what causes aging.
The European researchers studied 493 bats from four bat species. The group used information that had been gathered over more than 60 years. Of these animals, the greater mouse-eared bat generally lived an average of 37 years.The scientists said it had telomeres that did not shorten with age. Another Myotis bat holds the record for oldest age, reaching 41 years.The scientists’ findings suggest that these bats’ cells have the ability to maintain and repair their telomeres. This, they said, helps guard against the aging process.
Based on its body size, a bat like the greater mouse-eared bat would be expected to live four years. But, these mammals have been found to live nearly 10 times longer than that. The scientists found that only 19 species of mammals live longer than humans when their body size is considered. Eighteen of these are bats. The only exception is an unusual African rat.
1.What decides bats’ aging process according to the text? .
A. The body size of the bat B. The type of chromosomes
C. The building of cell D. The length of telomeres
2.How long does a greater mouse-eared bat generally live?
A. 19 years. B. 41 years.
C. 37 years. D. 60 years.
3.We can learn from the text that _________ .
A. nineteen kinds of bats could live longer than humans
B. the scientists have studied bats for more than six decades
C. the bats studied in the research are of the same species
D. researchers focus on finding out why humans live long
4.In which column of a magazine can you read the text?
A. Science B. Lifestyle
C. Fashion D. Business
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
Bats are the only mammals that can fly a great distance, but they have another ability. Many bats live a very long time for an animal of their size. European researchers are studying bats to understand why they live so long. They hope to make discoveries aimed at fighting the aging process in human beings.
Last week, the group of scientists said they had identified important biological qualities in some bat species. The group studied the bats’ chromosomes (染色体), a line of genes found in the nucleus of cells. The scientists were most interested in structures connected to the ends of the chromosomes. They are called telomeres (端粒), which protect the ends of chromosomes and shorten each time a cell divides. Scientists believe this shortening process causes cells to break down. They say this is what cause aging.
The European researchers studied 493 bats from four bat species. The group used information that had been gathered over more than 60 years. Of these animals, the greater mouse-eared bat generally lived the longest, an average of 37 years. The scientists said this and a related species, which are grouped together under the name Myotis, had telomeres that did not shorten with age. Another Myotis bat holds the record for the oldest age, reaching 41 years. The scientists’ findings suggest that these bats’ cells have the ability to maintain and repair their telomeres. This helps guard against the aging process.
Based on its body size, a bat like the greater mouse-eared bat would be expected to live four years. But, these mammals have been found to live nearly 10 times longer than that. The scientists found that only 19 species of mammals live longer than humans when their body size is considered. Eighteen of these are bats.
1.Why are European researchers studying bats?
A.To learn the similar habits between bats and human beings.
B.To find out why the greater mouse-eared bats live a long life.
C.To try to understand why bats prefer to fly during the night.
D.To discover a good way to prevent human beings from aging.
2.What does the second paragraph mainly explain to us?
A.The structures of the bats’ chromosomes. B.What causes aging biologically.
C.The functions of telomeres. D.What causes cells to break down.
3.Why do the greater mouse-eared bat and another Myotis bat live so long?
A.They are grouped together under the name Myotis.
B.Their telomeres are decreasing with age.
C.Their cells are able to keep up and fix their telomeres.
D.They have more telomeres than human beings do.
4.What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A.Bats live 10 times longer than other mammals.
B.Bats enjoy the longest life among mammals.
C.The greater mouse-eared bat and other bats should have lived longer.
D.Many bats live longer than human beings considering their body size.
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
How do the world’s only flying mammals communicate? Researchers have observed young bats adopting new “dialects” simply by hearing them repeatedly, making them one of the few animals known to have a capacity for vocal (声音的) learning. “These bats may help us clarify the evolution of speech acquisition (习得) skills,” says Yosef Prat, a PhD at Tel Aviv University (TAU).
For one year, researchers raised 14 Egyptian fruit bat pups with their mothers in controlled area, exposing each young bat to two different vocalizations: the natural call of its mother and a separate recording that varied in pitch (音高) or frequency. They found that the pups in each group developed a dialect like the recording. “The general assumption in this field is that most animals develop their born vocalizations regardless of what they hear, and that human vocal learning abilities have developed during evolution,” says Mr Prat. “The finding that bats learn the common dialect in their rest place was unusual.”
Scientists know little about the origin of spoken language, which is believed to have appeared in humans within the past 500,000 years. Dozens of theories attempt to explain the complexity of this skill, but none have done so conclusively.
“Studying vocal communication and vocal learning in animal models is a very useful way to approach the problem,” says Olga Feher, an assistant professor at the University of Warwick in England.
But animal vocalizations and human speech are very different things, says Jamin Pelkey, a professor at Ryerson University. “All species communicate. Unlike other animals, though, human beings are able to use sound patterns for functions that are far stranger—functions that are imaginative, theoretical, and critical. When speech is involved in these stranger functions, that is what we mean by spoken ‘language’.”
1.How do young bats acquire their “language” according to the research?
A.Flying in the air slowly.
B.Hearing it again and again.
C.Communicating with partners.
D.Repeating it with their mothers.
2.What was the general view about animal vocalization?
A.Most animals are born with it
B.Its process was unusual.
C.It is easier than human speech.
D.What animals heard doesn’t affect their learning.
3.What does the underlined word “problem” in Paragraph 4 refer to?
A.The difference between animals and humans.
B.The complexity of spoken language.
C.The origin of spoken language.
D.The study of animal models.
4.What does professor Pelkey think of researching young bats?
A.It is far from the fact
B.Its result is beyond doubt.
C.It is of great scientific value.
D.It doesn’t relate to human speech much.
高三英语阅读理解困难题查看答案及解析
—So hardin the past few years that he has made great progress in English.
—I can see that, only a few mistakes________in this exam.
A.has he worked; did he make B.he has worked; he made
C.he has worked; has he made D.has he worked; he made
高三英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析
Birds are the only animals with feathers, although some other animals, such as insects and bats, also have wings.Nearly all birds can fly, and even flightless birds, such as ostriches (鸵鸟), penguins, evolved from flying ancestors.
Birds are found worldwide in many habitats.They can fly over some of the highest mountains on earth as well as both of the earth’s poles, dive through water to depths of more than 250m, and occupy habitats with the most extreme climates on the planet, including arctic tundra (冻土地带) and the Sahara Desert.Certain kinds of seabirds are commonly seen over the open ocean thousands of kilometers from the nearest land, but all birds must come ashore to raise their young.
Highly developed animals, birds are sensitive and responsive, colorful and graceful, with habits that excite interest and inquiry.People have long been fascinated by birds, in part because birds are found in the same habitats in which humans live.And like people, most species of birds are active during daylight hours.Humans find inspiration in birds’ capacity for flight and in their musical calls.Humans also find birds useful---their flesh and eggs for food, their feathers for warmth, and their companionship.Perhaps a key basis for our friendliness with birds is the similarity of our sensory worlds: Both birds and humans rely more heavily on hearing and color vision than on smell.Birds are useful indicators of the quality of the environment, because the health of bird populations mirrors the health of our environment.The rapid decline in birds populations and the accelerating extinction rates of birds in the world’s forests, grassland, wetlands, and islands are therefore reasons for great concern.
1.Which of the following would be the best title of the text?
A.Animals with Feathers and Wings
Our friendliness with birds
C.An introduction to Birds
D.Bird’s life
2.What does the second paragraph mainly tell us ?
A.Bird’s friendship Bird’s habitats
C.Bird’s raising D.Bird’s environment
3.Which of following is NOT true according to the passage ?
A.Bird’s flying abilities and musical calls inspire humans greatly.
Birds live in the same surroundings in which humans live.
C.Both birds and humans rely more heavily on hearing and smell than on color vision.
D.Bird’s flesh and eggs for food, bird’s feathers for warmth, and their companionship are useful to us.
4.From the text it may imply but NOT state that __________.
A.the environment is being damaged seriously
if you want to raise birds, you should pay attention to environment
C.the environment affects the human beings
D.bird populations decrease rapidly
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
Sea otters (海獭) are pretty small compared to other marine mammals (哺乳动物).which means that, despite their fur coats, they tend to lose het quickly, and need lots of energy to keep up their body temperature.
"So they need to eat 25 percent of their body weight each day," says Sarah McKay Strobel, a sensory ecologist at UC Santa Cruz. "But in order to eat that much food, that means sea otters need to find all that food. " She studied the otter's senses, to solve the mystery of how they're such efficient food catchers. Vision isn't reliable, she says- it's pretty dark and muddy underwater, and crabs and other smaller animals tend to hide. Hearing is also tough for otters, in the noisy underwater environment. And sniffing's no good either. "When they're underwater they're holding their breath."
What's left is touch. So Strobel measured the sensitivity of the otters' paws and whiskers (须). She blindfolded an otter named Selka, then presented it with plastic plates carved with tiny grooves (沟槽). Selka's job was to select the plate with two-millimerter grooves, which she'd been trained to associate with tasty food, instead of plates with differently sized grooves.
Tums out, Selka could tell just a quarter millimeter difference in the grooves' with with her paws - above and below water - and hall a millimeter difference with her whiskers. "The fact that she was able to perform so well while moving extremely quickly I think is really interesting and suggests that sea otters have very quick decision-making abilities and very quick sensory processing abilities, which makes sense when you think about the type of lifestyle they lead and how quickly they need to find food."
For the record, humans can feel the difference too, but it takes us 30 times longer, which might make sense. After all, we live in environments where touch is less important in a hunt than sight and sound.
1.Why do sea otters eat much food?
A.To swim faster. B.To stay warm.
C.To keep their fur thick. D.To satisfy their good appetite.
2.What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about?
A.An introduction to Selka. B.The use of plastic plates.
C.An experiment on Selka. D.The function of otters' touch.
3.What did Strobel find about sea otters' senses?
A.Hearing is useless. B.Touch is the most elective.
C.They have no vision. D.Their smell works very well.
4.What can we learn from the text?
A.Sea otters have enough food to eat.
B.Humans are more sensitive than sea otters.
C.Sea otters respond very quickly in hunting.
D.Sea otters' whiskers work better than paws.
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
PCs are no longer the only things that can be hacked(非法侵入). Anything with an electronic pulse, including cars, TVs and refrigerators, is now a target for hackers. Here are several strangest hacks that show where the future is headed:
Remote-controlling a car – Well-known security researcher Charlie Miller is able to control a car by accessing the automotive computer. In 2011, a security company figured out how to unlock a car and start it just by texting and back in 2010, someone hacked into100 cars in Texas, causing them to honk(鸣响)uncontrollably before he remotely disabled them.
Cyber Murder – In Season 2 of Show Time’s homeland series, hackers kill the US Vice President by hacking his pacemaker(心脏起搏器). Typical Hollywood B. S., right? No. It could actually happen. Well-known security researcher Barnaby Jack, who sadly passed away in July at the age of 35, had been prepared to demonstrate at Back Hat how to hack a pacemaker over Wi-Fi. The attack could kill a person by giving the pacemaker a high-voltage shock.
Spy Phone – By now, more people are becoming aware of the potential for a phone to be hacked. But what many fail to realize is the awesome potential of a smart phone to affect you, it has been hacked.
When Your TV Watches You – This type of hack makes it possible to monitor people in their homes via the internet. Smart TVs aren’t that common yet, but in the next few years they could become an important part of the living room, so watch out.
1.The main purpose of this text is to ________.
A.promote hacking technology
B.demonstrate how hacks work today
C.teach people how to avoid being hacked
D.enrich people’s knowledge of hacks’ new trend
2.According to Cyber Murder, we know that Barnaby Jack ________.
A.was killed by the attack over Wi-Fi
B.was a well-known actor and researcher
C.researched how to hack a pacemaker over Wi-Fi
D.died at Black Hat when hacking a pacemaker
3.From the text we know the following things have been hacked except ________.
A.smart TVs
B.smart phones
C.the Internet
D.cars
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
We should know that we can only reach the top if we are ready to and learn from failure.
A.deal with B.depend on C.carry on D.go with
高三英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析
Sydney's Royal Botanic Gardens are to start a war on gray-headed flying foxes. These super bats have invaded one of Australia’s most famous public spaces. Officials have said the animals are destroying trees and have to move on.
These unwanted guests at Sydney’s Royal Botanic Gardens look like tiny foxes with wings. Officials have estimated there are about 11,000 of them living in the picturesque harbor-side park. After inspecting damage to dozens of trees they now believe there are twice as many as previously thought. Branches have been breaking under the weight of these furry invaders and their droppings have been poisoning plants.
Help may well be at hand, however, in the shape of the ordinary garbage bin. The gardens’ director Dr. Tim Entwistle hopes the unpleasant sounds of crashing bin lids will agitate the flying foxes and force them to move on. “The way to disturb them is to use noises, so we’ve used the loud noises made by rubbish bins in the past. You can also use speakers as long as you move the noise around, and what we’ll do is have a series of noises, at the beginning and end of the day. What we’ve found in the past is that the flying foxes leave the gardens and go somewhere else,” said Tim.
The gray-headed flying fox is Australia’s largest bat. It flies around at night using its eyes and a powerful sense of smell to search for fruit and flowers. Officials at the Royal Botanic Gardens in Sydney have said they’re optimistic the unwelcome colony can be uprooted. If and when the bats do move to other parts of the city they will of course then become someone else’s problem.
1.According to the passage, Why do people want to get rid of the flying foxes ?
A. Because the garden are important public places.
B. Because they are polluting the city.
C. Because many garbage bins have been damaged by them.
D. Because they’re threatening the survival of trees and other plants.
2.In order to get rid of the flying foxes, what are people doing?
A. They are shooting them.
B. They are using rubbish containers.
C. They are shaking the trees hard.
D. They are cutting some trees down.
3.Which of the following can replace the underlined “agitate” in Paragraph 3?
A. Excite B. kill
C. disturb D. discourage
4.What does the writer imply from the last paragraph?
A. The bats will still stay in the gardens.
B. Some area will have to deal with the bats.
C. The grey-headed flying fox often eat trees
D. The damage caused by the bats is serious
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析