How can we measure animals’ emotions? A new study of animal’s emotions suggests that, as in humans, emotions can tell animals about how dangerous their world is, and guide the choices that they make. The article of the study by Bristol University’s professor Mike Mendl was published online.
An animal living in an environment where it is often threatened by predators(捕食者)will develop a negative emotion or “mood”, such as anxiety. However, one in an environment with plenty of opportunities to get resources for survival will be in a more positive mood state.
The researchers say that these emotional states not only show the animal’s experiences, but also help it decide how to make choices, especially in unclear situations. This could have good or bad results. An animal in a negative mood state will make a safety-first with a “pessimistic” response to an unclear event. For example, it considers a noise in the grass as a signal of the predator. At the same time, an animal in a positive mood state will benefit from a more “optimistic” response. It considers the noise as a signal of prey(猎物).
Professor Mike Mendl, head of the Animal Welfare and Behavior Research Group at Bristol University’s School of Clinical Veterinary Science said, “ We can use “optimistic” or “pessimistic”decision-making as a symbol of an animal’s emotional state. Recent studies by our group and others suggest that this is a meritorious new approach to studying a variety of animal species.”
“Public interest in animal welfare remains high, with widespread concern about the way in which animals are treated, used and included in society. To understand how animals should be treated, we need to better understand their emotional lives,” Mike Mendl said. The researchers believe Mike Mendl’s study can help them to better understand and assess an animal’s emotions.
1.When an animal is in a negative mood state, _______.
A. its response to an unclear event is pessimistic
B. it will pay little attention to an unclear event
C. it is easy for it to make right decisions
D. it has more opportunities to get food
2.The underlined word “meritorious” in Paragraph 4 can be replaced by “_______”.
A. valuable B. useless C. fashionable D. hopeless
3.We can infer from the passage that ________.
A. the animals with positive emotions live longer
B. there is no way to assess an animal’s emotions
C. few people care about animal welfare nowadays
D. the environment can influence animal’s emotions
4.Mike Mendl advised people to better understand animal’s emotions in order to _____.
A. tell people to build more protected areas for animals
B. explain animals should be regarded as people’s friends
C. raise people’s interest in studying animals
D. make people know how to treat animals properly
5.What would be the best title for the passage?
A. Different kinds of Animals’ Emotions
B. Emotions Helps Animals to Make Choice
C. The Living Environment of Wild Animals
D. The Best Way to Measure Animals’ Emotions
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题
How can we measure animals’ emotions? A new study of animal’s emotions suggests that, as in humans, emotions can tell animals about how dangerous their world is, and guide the choices that they make. The article of the study by Bristol University’s professor Mike Mendl was published online.
An animal living in an environment where it is often threatened by predators(捕食者)will develop a negative emotion or “mood”, such as anxiety. However, one in an environment with plenty of opportunities to get resources for survival will be in a more positive mood state.
The researchers say that these emotional states not only show the animal’s experiences, but also help it decide how to make choices, especially in unclear situations. This could have good or bad results. An animal in a negative mood state will make a safety-first with a “pessimistic” response to an unclear event. For example, it considers a noise in the grass as a signal of the predator. At the same time, an animal in a positive mood state will benefit from a more “optimistic” response. It considers the noise as a signal of prey(猎物).
Professor Mike Mendl, head of the Animal Welfare and Behavior Research Group at Bristol University’s School of Clinical Veterinary Science said, “ We can use “optimistic” or “pessimistic”decision-making as a symbol of an animal’s emotional state. Recent studies by our group and others suggest that this is a meritorious new approach to studying a variety of animal species.”
“Public interest in animal welfare remains high, with widespread concern about the way in which animals are treated, used and included in society. To understand how animals should be treated, we need to better understand their emotional lives,” Mike Mendl said. The researchers believe Mike Mendl’s study can help them to better understand and assess an animal’s emotions.
1.When an animal is in a negative mood state, _______.
A. its response to an unclear event is pessimistic
B. it will pay little attention to an unclear event
C. it is easy for it to make right decisions
D. it has more opportunities to get food
2.The underlined word “meritorious” in Paragraph 4 can be replaced by “_______”.
A. valuable B. useless C. fashionable D. hopeless
3.We can infer from the passage that ________.
A. the animals with positive emotions live longer
B. there is no way to assess an animal’s emotions
C. few people care about animal welfare nowadays
D. the environment can influence animal’s emotions
4.Mike Mendl advised people to better understand animal’s emotions in order to _____.
A. tell people to build more protected areas for animals
B. explain animals should be regarded as people’s friends
C. raise people’s interest in studying animals
D. make people know how to treat animals properly
5.What would be the best title for the passage?
A. Different kinds of Animals’ Emotions
B. Emotions Helps Animals to Make Choice
C. The Living Environment of Wild Animals
D. The Best Way to Measure Animals’ Emotions
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
A new study has found the amount of antibiotics(抗生素)given to farm animals is expected to increase by two-thirds over the next 15 years.Researchers are linking the growing dependence on the drugs to the increasing need for meat,milk and eggs.However,the drugs could quicken the development of antibiotic-resistant infections(感染).Such infections are already a major public,health concern in the United States.
The World Health Organization notes when people stop living in poverty(贫困),the first thing they want to do is eat better,rather than earn more money.For most people,that means their diet should contain more meat.With the rapid development of Asia,people there are eating nearly four times as much meat,milk and other milk products as they did 50 year ago.
To meet the need,farmers have put many animals into smaller spaces.As the animals are crowded together,the easiest way to deal with some of the problems d crowding is to give them antibiotics.It's clear that antibiotics help animals stay healthy in a crowded environment and grow faster.But bacteria can develop resistance to the drugs gradually.
Nowadays,doctors find antibiotics that once worked against the infections no longer work.The bacteria have learned ways to fight against the drugs.The heavy use of antibiotics in animals is responsible for the growth of antibiotic resistance worldwide.In the United States,at least two million people get drug-resistant infections each year and at least 23,000 die from an infection.
Europe has banned the use of antibiotics to increase animal growth.And the United States is hoping to persuade farmers to stop using antibiotics for that purpose.
1.What accounts for the increasing amount of antibiotics given to farm animals?
A. The desire for new drugs. B. The less effective antibiotics.
C. The outdated farm technology. D. The need for more various foods.
2.What do most people want to do first when they get rid of poverty according to the WHO?
A. Making a lot of money. B. Focusing more on health.
C. Having more meat in their diet. D. Living in a better environment.
3.What can be inferred from the passage?
A. Antibiotics do harm to animals.
B. Antibiotics help animals stay healthy.
C. Antibiotics are used heavily in Europe.
D. Antibiotic-resistant bacteria spread to people.
4.What's the passage mainly about?
A. A new way of raising farm animals.
B. The advantages of using antibiotics.
C. The reason for banning the use of antibiotics.
D. The negative effect of antibiotics in farm animals.
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
No matter how _____, you can find something animate, a kind of plant, an animal or human being.
A.may a desert be dry B.a desert dry may be
C.dry a desert may be D.a desert may be dry
高三英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析
Most of the new diseases we humans have faced in the past several decades have come from animals. The more we come into contact with wild animals, the more we risk a so-called disease “spillover” from animals to humans.
“As people move and wildlife move in response to a changing environment, humans and wildlife and animals will come in contact more regularly,” said Jeanne Fair from the Los Alamos National Laboratory in New Mexico. Fair argues that by shifting animal habitats, climate change will also make the opportunities for disease spillover more frequent. “Everything is sort of shifting and will shift into the future as the environment changes through climate change,” Fair said.
Scientists, including climatologists and epidemiologists on Fair’s team at Los Alamos, are beginning to model how changes to the climate will impact the spread of infectious diseases. It’s early days for this kind of research, but previous studies suggest that extreme weather has already played a role in at least one outbreak. Scientists say drought and deforestation have combined to force bats out of rainforests and into orchards(果园)in Malaysia to find food. Those bats, a common disease reservoir, then passed the Nipah virus through pigs to humans for the first time in the late 1990s.
“We’re going by the past data to really predict what’s going to happen in the future,” Fair said, “And so, anytime you increase that wildlife-human interface, that’s sort of an emerging disease hot spot. And so, that’s just increasing as we go forward.”
Jeffrey Shaman, head of the climate and health program at Columbia University’s public health school, argues we don’t yet know whether climate change will cause a net increase in infectious disease rates globally. For example, mosquitoes carry disease that affects millions of people across the world every year. As their habitats expand in some parts of the world, they might contract diseases elsewhere. Shaman says what we know for certain about climate change is that it will make it harder to predict where disease outbreaks will pop up.
1.How does climate change affect the spread of disease according to Fair?
A.By breaking animals’ habits.
B.By increasing animals’ varieties.
C.By promoting animals’ breeding.
D.By changing animals’ living environment.
2.What is the example of bats for in paragraph 3?
A.Explaining the influence of Nipah virus.
B.Proving the harm of bats to human beings.
C.Showing the effects of climate change on disease.
D.Presenting scientists’ early study about the cause of disease.
3.What can we infer from Fair’s words in paragraph 4?
A.Humans should give up studying animals.
B.Past data can solve the problems in the future.
C.Disease hot spots will disappear if animals die out.
D.Frequent contact with animals can cause disease outbreaks.
4.What could be the best title for the text?
A.Climate Change and Disease Spillover
B.Animals’ Interaction with Humans
C.Scientists’ Prediction for Disease Outbreaks
D.Early Studies about Extreme Weather
高三英语阅读理解困难题查看答案及解析
.
Many wild animals in the world _____ , so we must take measures to protect them.
A.are dying out | B.have died out | C.died out | D.die out |
高三英语单项填空简单题查看答案及解析
Many children may be fond of animals, but ever think of making the study of animals their career.
A. a few B. few C. some D. any
高三英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析
Being mistreated at work can out their negative emotions on loved ones at home. But a new study suggests that getting more exercise and sleep may help people better cope with them by leaving them at work where they belong.
Previous research shows that employees who are looked down on or insulted by colleagues are likely to go express their frustrations and behave angrily toward people outside of work, says study co-author Shannon Taylor, a management professor at the University of Central Florida’s College of Business.
The new study backs up this idea, but offers a bit of good news as well: Employees who averaged more than 10,500 steps a day or burned at least 2, 100 calories were less likely to mistreat their cohabitants than those who averaged fewer steps of burned fewer calories.
The findings also revealed that when employees felt they had a bad night’s sleep because of work issues, they were more likely to be grouchy at home. “When you’re tired, you’re either less able or less motivated to regulate yourself”, says co-author Larissa Barber, a professor of psychology at Northern Illinois University.
Physical activity seems to counterbalance poor sleepy, Barber says, because it promotes healthy brain functions needed to properly regulate emotions and behaviors. “This study suggests that high amounts of exercise can be at least one way to improve the situations brought by sleep troubles that lead to negative behaviors at home,” she says.
Barber acknowledges that finding time to work out and get a full night’s sleep can be difficult when work pressure is mounting, and that often, job stress can be directly related to sleep quality. But she says making the effort to burn some extra calories and blow off some steam can be worth it. “It’s not only good for you”, says Taylor, but it can benefit the people you live with as well.
1.What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph l refer to?
A. Loved people at home. B. Negative emotions.
C. Different work pressures. D. More exercise and sleep.
2.Who will most probably behave angrily to family members?
A. A person who always is easy to get tired.
B. A person who often goes to the gym to work out.
C. A person who often argues with colleagues.
D. A person who is always treated badly by coworkers.
3.The underlined word “counterbalance” in Paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to “________”.
A. make use of B. take control of C. make up for D. keep up with
4.What can we learn from the text?
A. Work pressure makes no difference in sleep quality.
B. How to burn more calories has become a major issue for workers.
C. Enough exercise can replace good sleep in dealing with negative behaviors.
D. The amount of calories employees burn affects the frequency of losing temper.
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
Yellow is usually the color of happy, joyful emotions. But according to a new study, not all people associate sunshine with good atmosphere.
To find out what factors might play a role, researchers tested a new hypothesis (假设):What if people's physical surroundings affect their feelings about certain colors? For instance, if someone lived in cold and rainy Finland, would they feel differently about the color yellow from someone who lived near the Sahara Desert? The researchers looked at color-emotion data from an ongoing international survey of 6,625 people in 55 countries. The survey asks participants to rate 12 colors on how closely they are associated with feelings including joy, pride, fear and shame.
The team looked only at the data for yellow, and analyzed how different factors—including hours of sunshine, hours of daylight, and amount of rainfall—lined up with the emotions people reported for the color. The two best predictors of how people felt about yellow were the annual amount of rainfall, and how far they lived from the equator (赤道),the team reports this month in the Journal of Environmental Psychology,
The farther someone lived from the equator, the more likely they were to appreciate some bright colors: In Egypt, the likelihood of yellow being associated with joy was just 5. 7% , whereas in rather cold Finland it was 87. 7% . In the United States, with its moderate climate and amber(黄褐色)waves of grain, people's yellow-joy association levels were between 60% and 70% .
The team also checked whether associations changed with the season---whether, for example, people in a certain country liked yellow more in the winter than they did in the summer. The researchers found that opinions about color remained fairly constant year-round—even when the weather changed, the data on yellow-joy associations were as good as gold.
1.Who did the researchers survey to test the hypothesis?
A.People in Finland.
B.Travelers in the United States.
C.Someone living near the Sahara Desert.
D.Many people from different countries.
2.What may affect the emotions associated with yellow most?
A.Hours of sunshine. B.Hours of daylight.
C.Amount of rainfall. D.Seasons in a year.
3.Who are more likely to appreciate bright colors?
A.People living in warm areas. B.People growing up in Egypt.
C.People growing yellow grains. D.People living far from the equator.
4.What is the text mainly about?
A.Yellow is the color of happiness and joy.
B.Researchers did a survey on the color yellow.
C.A study shows the connection between emotion and yellow can vary.
D.Different people have different emotions to the color yellow.
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
Yellow is usually the color of happy, joyful emotions (情感).But according to a new study, not all people associate the sunshiny shade with good feelings.
To find out what factors might play a role, researchers tested a new hypothesis (假设): What if people's physical surroundings affect their feelings about certain colors? For example, if someone lived in cold and rainy Finland, would they feel differently about the color yellow from someone who lived near the Sahara Desert?
The researchers looked at color-emotion data from an ongoing international survey (调查) of 6,625 people in 55 countries. The survey asked participants to rate 12 colors on how closely they were associated with feelings including joy, pride, fear, and shame.
The researchers paid particular attention to the data for yellow, and analyzed how different factors — including hours of sunshine, hours of daylight, and the amount of rainfall -lined up with the emotions people reported for the color. The two best predictors of how people felt about yellow were the annual amount of rainfall, and how far they lived from the equator (赤道).
Overall, people were more likely to associate yellow with joy when they lived in rainier countries that lay farther from the equator, researchers reported in the Journal of Environmental
Psychology. In Egypt, the likelihood of yellow being associated with joy was just 5.7% ,whereas in chilly Finland it was 87.7%. In the United States, with its mild climate and amber waves of grain, peopled yellow-joy association levels were between 60% and 70% .
The researchers also checked whether associations changed with the season — whether, for example, people in a certain country liked yellow more in the winter than they did in the summer. They found that opinions about color remained fairly constant year-round -even when the weather changed, the data on yellow-joy associations were as good as gold.
1.What did the researchers do before the survey?
A.They went to Finland. B.They made an assumption.
C.They studied certain colors. D.They analyzed some data.
2.Which of the following affects people's feelings about yellow?
A.The changeable seasons. B.The length of daytime.
C.The geographic position. D.The amount of snowfall.
3.How did the researchers carry out the survey?
A.By interviewing participants.
B.By studying the data collected.
C.By travelling around the world.
D.By looking at color combinations.
4.What can be the best title of the text?
A.Finland : A Country Admiring Yellow.
B.Yellow: Associated with Joy Conditionally.
C.Color: An Important Role in Good Feelings.
D.Color-emotion Data: Collected Internationally.
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
Some animals carry seeds from one place to another, ______ plants can spread to new places.
A. so B. or
C. for D. but
高三英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析