请认真阅读下列短文,并在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。每空一词。
In the United States, engineering is a profession that has been dominated historically by men. Even today, it’s still true that few women become civil or chemical or mechanical engineers, but that’s something www.EngineerGirl.org aims to change. Young women who visit the web site can find out about a great career choice they might not have considered.
“Women are very much underrepresented in engineering and in engineering education programs and then of course, down the road, in the engineering workforce. So only about 20 percent of engineering undergraduate degrees go to women, and then only about nine percent of working engineers are women.”
Mary Mattis in the National Academy of Engineering, says the EngineerGirl website aims to reach young women around ages 11 through 14, when they are just getting old enough to start thinking about their futures.
“We know from the research that middle-school girls are at a critical point in their lives, and that it’s a time when we need to reach them, both with an understanding, increasing their awareness of interesting fields in engineering, what a wonderful productive and exciting career you can have as an engineer. But we also need to reach them at that time because you have to take certain courses, and you can’t start thinking about taking those courses when you’re a junior in high school.”
Engineering is a demanding course of study ---there is a lot of science and mathematics, for many girls and even boys, that can be challenging. But Ms. Mattis says that the EngineerGirl website stresses that engineering can also be fun and exciting.
“It’s about designing things. It’s about changing the world for people. It’s about making a difference. And, in addition, you can make a good living, you can be independent economically by becoming an engineer. All of those things are messages that girls need to get.”
While most engineers go into traditional fields such as mechanical and electrical engineering, the EngineerGirl site also highlights unusual engineering careers in fields such as sports engineering and --- believe it or not --- chocolate engineering.
“There’s a section called ‘why be an engineer,’ and that talks about the many opportunities and increasingly different opportunities like with bio-engineering and environmental engineering, some fields that might appeal to girls who want to make a difference or have a meaning for their careers beyond earning an income.”
Even if you are not a girl in the target age group, there’s a lot of interesting information on the site, including biographies of some notable women engineers.
Title | Website(71)______ Girls to learn Engineering |
Present (72)_____ for the engineering profession in the USA | The majority of men take up the profession throughout(73) ______, while only a small number of women work as engineers. |
(74)_____ of the website | To make young women (75)_____ of interesting fields in engineering and what productivity and(76)_____ the career of being engineers can bring them. |
(77)_____ of being engineers | * It can be fun and exciting. * It can(78)_____ the world for people. * You can make a good living. * You can gain economic(79)_____ by becoming an engineer. |
Other fields concerning engineering | Various opportunities are talked about like bio-engineering and engineering (80) _____ to sports, and even chocolate. |
高三英语填空题中等难度题
请认真阅读下列短文,并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。
注意:每个空格只填1个单词。
In the United States, engineering is a profession that has been dominated historically by men. Even today, it’s still true that few women become civil or chemical or mechanical engineers, but that’s something www.EngineerGirl.org aims to change. Young women who visit the web site can find out about a great career choice they might not have considered.
“Women are very much underrepresented in engineering and in engineering education programs and then of course, down the road, in the engineering workforce. So only about 20 percent of engineering undergraduate degrees go to women, and then only about nine percent of working engineers are women.”
Mary Mattis in the National Academy of Engineering says the EngineerGirl website aims to reach young women around ages 11 through 14, when they are just getting old enough to start thinking about their futures.
“We know from the research that middle-school girls are at a critical point in their lives, and that it’s a time when we need to reach them, both with an understanding, increasing their awareness of interesting fields in engineering, what a wonderful productive and exciting career you can have as an engineer. But we also need to reach them at that time because you have to take certain courses, and you can’t start thinking about taking those courses when you’re a junior in high school.”
Engineering is a demanding course of study — there is a lot of science and mathematics, for many girls and even boys, that can be challenging. But Ms. Mattis says that the EngineerGirl website stresses that engineering can also be fun and exciting.
“It’s about designing things. It’s about changing the world for people. It’s about making a difference. And, in addition, you can make a good living; you can be independent economically by becoming an engineer. All of those things are messages that girls need to get.”
While most engineers go into traditional fields such as mechanical and electrical engineering, the EngineerGirl site also highlights unusual engineering careers in fields such as sports engineering and — believe it or not — chocolate engineering.
“There’s a section called ‘why be an engineer,’ and that talks about the many opportunities and increasingly different opportunities like with bio-engineering and environmental engineering, some fields that might appeal to girls who want to make a difference or have a meaning for their careers beyond earning an income.”Even if you are not a girl in the target age group, there’s a lot of interesting information on the site, including biographies of some notable women engineers.
Title | Website(1)________ Girls to learn Engineering |
Present(2)________ for the engineering profession in the USA | The majority of men take up the profession throughout(3)________, while only a small number of women work as engineers. |
(4)________ of the website | To make young women(5)________ of interesting fields in engineering and what productivity and(6)________ the career of being engineers can bring them. |
(7)________ of being engineers | * It can be fun and exciting. * It can(8)________ the world for people. * You can make a good living. * You can gain economic(9)________ by becoming an engineer. |
Other fields concerning engineering | Various opportunities are talked about like bio-engineering and engineering(10)________ to sports, and even chocolate. |
高三英语其他题中等难度题查看答案及解析
请认真阅读下列短文,并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。
注意:每个空格只填1个单词。
In the United States, engineering is a profession that has been dominated historically by men. Even today, it’s still true that few women become civil or chemical or mechanical engineers, but that’s something www.EngineerGirl.org aims to change. Young women who visit the web site can find out about a great career choice they might not have considered.
“Women are very much underrepresented in engineering and in engineering education programs and then of course, down the road, in the engineering workforce. So only about 20 percent of engineering undergraduate degrees go to women, and then only about nine percent of working engineers are women.”
Mary Mattis in the National Academy of Engineering says the EngineerGirl website aims to reach young women around ages 11 through 14, when they are just getting old enough to start thinking about their futures.
“We know from the research that middle-school girls are at a critical point in their lives, and that it’s a time when we need to reach them, both with an understanding, increasing their awareness of interesting fields in engineering, what a wonderful productive and exciting career you can have as an engineer. But we also need to reach them at that time because you have to take certain courses, and you can’t start thinking about taking those courses when you’re a junior in high school.”
Engineering is a demanding course of study — there is a lot of science and mathematics, for many girls and even boys, that can be challenging. But Ms. Mattis says that the EngineerGirl website stresses that engineering can also be fun and exciting.
“It’s about designing things. It’s about changing the world for people. It’s about making a difference. And, in addition, you can make a good living; you can be independent economically by becoming an engineer. All of those things are messages that girls need to get.”
While most engineers go into traditional fields such as mechanical and electrical engineering, the EngineerGirl site also highlights unusual engineering careers in fields such as sports engineering and — believe it or not — chocolate engineering.
“There’s a section called ‘why be an engineer,’ and that talks about the many opportunities and increasingly different opportunities like with bio-engineering and environmental engineering, some fields that might appeal to girls who want to make a difference or have a meaning for their careers beyond earning an income.”Even if you are not a girl in the target age group, there’s a lot of interesting information on the site, including biographies of some notable women engineers.
Title | Website1.Girls to learn Engineering |
Present2.for the engineering profession in the USA | The majority of men take up the profession throughout3., while only a small number of women work as engineers. |
4.of the website | To make young women5.of interesting fields in engineering and what productivity and6.the career of being engineers can bring them. |
7.of being engineers | * It can be fun and exciting. |
Other fields concerning engineering | Various opportunities are talked about like bio-engineering and engineering10.to sports, and even chocolate. |
高三英语任务型阅读中等难度题查看答案及解析
请认真阅读下列短文,并在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。每空一词。
In the United States, engineering is a profession that has been dominated historically by men. Even today, it’s still true that few women become civil or chemical or mechanical engineers, but that’s something www.EngineerGirl.org aims to change. Young women who visit the web site can find out about a great career choice they might not have considered.
“Women are very much underrepresented in engineering and in engineering education programs and then of course, down the road, in the engineering workforce. So only about 20 percent of engineering undergraduate degrees go to women, and then only about nine percent of working engineers are women.”
Mary Mattis in the National Academy of Engineering, says the EngineerGirl website aims to reach young women around ages 11 through 14, when they are just getting old enough to start thinking about their futures.
“We know from the research that middle-school girls are at a critical point in their lives, and that it’s a time when we need to reach them, both with an understanding, increasing their awareness of interesting fields in engineering, what a wonderful productive and exciting career you can have as an engineer. But we also need to reach them at that time because you have to take certain courses, and you can’t start thinking about taking those courses when you’re a junior in high school.”
Engineering is a demanding course of study ---there is a lot of science and mathematics, for many girls and even boys, that can be challenging. But Ms. Mattis says that the EngineerGirl website stresses that engineering can also be fun and exciting.
“It’s about designing things. It’s about changing the world for people. It’s about making a difference. And, in addition, you can make a good living, you can be independent economically by becoming an engineer. All of those things are messages that girls need to get.”
While most engineers go into traditional fields such as mechanical and electrical engineering, the EngineerGirl site also highlights unusual engineering careers in fields such as sports engineering and --- believe it or not --- chocolate engineering.
“There’s a section called ‘why be an engineer,’ and that talks about the many opportunities and increasingly different opportunities like with bio-engineering and environmental engineering, some fields that might appeal to girls who want to make a difference or have a meaning for their careers beyond earning an income.”
Even if you are not a girl in the target age group, there’s a lot of interesting information on the site, including biographies of some notable women engineers.
Title | Website(71)______ Girls to learn Engineering |
Present (72)_____ for the engineering profession in the USA | The majority of men take up the profession throughout(73) ______, while only a small number of women work as engineers. |
(74)_____ of the website | To make young women (75)_____ of interesting fields in engineering and what productivity and(76)_____ the career of being engineers can bring them. |
(77)_____ of being engineers | * It can be fun and exciting. * It can(78)_____ the world for people. * You can make a good living. * You can gain economic(79)_____ by becoming an engineer. |
Other fields concerning engineering | Various opportunities are talked about like bio-engineering and engineering (80) _____ to sports, and even chocolate. |
高三英语填空题中等难度题查看答案及解析
请认真阅读下列短文,并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。
注意:每个空格只填1个单词。请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。
The United States is facing a growing concern: rising obesity(肥胖) rates. A new report says adult obesity rates rose last year in 23 of the 50 states. And, the percentage of obese children was at or above 30% in 30 states. Mississippi had the highest rate of adult obesity in the new study. 32.5% of the state’s adults were obese. Mississippi also had the highest rate of obese and overweight children. 44.4% of all children between the ages of ten and seventeen years were obese or overweight.
The study used a system of measurement called the Body Mass Index(B-M-I) to define words like obese and overweight. To find your B-M-I, divide your weight in kilograms by height in meters squared. A normal B-M-I is between 18.5 and 24.9. The B-M-I of someone overweight is between 25 and 29.5. And, an obese person has a B-M-I above 30.
The new report says widespread obesity is increasing the rates of long-lasting diseases, such as heart disease. Obesity is also responsible for an increasing part of health care costs in the United States. Health care costs have grown while many Americans are getting fatter. A lack of physical exercise, watching TV too much and eating junk food contribute to the rising obesity rate. The report says the current economic recession(经济衰退) could worsen obesity rates by increasing food prices. This would make healthy foods cost more. The report blames the recession for rising rates of depression, anxiety and stress, which are closely linked to obesity in many cases.
The report offers some ideas for dealing with obesity within government health care reforms. They include making sure that every adult and child has a right to preventive medical services. Also, people should do more physical exercise, drive less and eat less junk food to fight obesity.
Widespread obesity in the US
1.________ | Rising obesity rates | ◆2.________ obesity rates rose last year in 23 of the 50 states. |
◆Child obesity rate was at or above 30% in 30 states. | ||
Consequences | increasing the rates of 3.___________ | |
increasing 4.________ of health care | ||
5.________ | 6.________ physical exercise | |
watching TV too much | ||
eating junk food | ||
experiencing recession | ||
7.________ | 8.________ | 9.________ preventive medical services |
People | doing more physical exercise | |
10.________ less | ||
eating less junk food |
高三英语其他题中等难度题查看答案及解析
请认真阅读下列短文,并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。
注意:请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。每个空格只填一个单词。
The World Bank,the United Nations and the London School Of Hygiene and Tropica1 Medicine did a study to urge hand-washing around the world. They found that one million lives could be saved each year if people washed their hands with soap often. They said that programs to increase hand-washing with soap could be among the most effective ways to reduce infectious disease.
Doctors say,many diseases can be prevented from spreading by hand-washing. These include pinworms(寄生虫),influenza(流行性感冒),the common cold,hepatitis(肝炎)A,meningitis(脑膜炎)and infectious diarrhea(腹泻).
Hand-washing destroys germs from other people,animals or objects a person has touched. When people get bacteria on their hands,they can infect themselves by touching their eyes,nose or mouth.Then these people can infect other people.
The experts say the easiest way to catch a cold is to touch your nose or eyes after someone nearby has sneezed or coughed.Another way to become sick is to eat food prepared by someone whose hands were not clean.
The experts say that hand-washing is especially important before and after preparing food,before eating and after using the toilet.People should wash their hands after handling animals or animal waste,and after cleaning a baby.The experts say it is also a good idea to wash your hands after handling money and after sneezing or coughing.And it is important to wash your hands often when someone in your home is sick.The experts say the most effective way to wash your hands is to rub them together while using soap and warm water.They say you do not have to use special antibacterial soap.Be sure to rub all areas of the hands for about ten to fifteen seconds.The rubbing action helps remove germs. Then rinse(冲洗)the hands with water and dry them.
Title: 1._________
Theme | Hand-washing could be among the most effective ways to reduce infectious diseases. |
Many 2._______ can be prevented | Pinworms, influenza, the common cold, hepatitis A, meningitis and infectious diarrhea. |
3._____to do hand- washing | 1. Before and after preparing 4.________; 2. Before eating and after using the 5.________; 3. After handling animals or animal waste; 4. After cleaning a baby; 5. After handling money and after sneezing or 6._____; 6. When someone in your home is sick. |
7.____ to do hand-washing | Rubbing them together while using 8.______ and warm water, rubbing all areas of the hands for about l0~15 9.______ and rinsing the hands with water and dry them. |
How hand-washing works | Hand-washing destroys 10.______ from other people, animals or objects a person has touched. |
高三英语填空题困难题查看答案及解析
请认真阅读下列短文,并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意:每个空格只填一个单词。
Research shows that the summer before college can be a dangerous time for teenagers, as they are between home and high school on the one side, and a more challenging and independent existence as a college student on the other.
Take drinking for example.Research has reported that teenagers tend to increase their alcohol use during the summer before college and in their first term.Such drinking can lead to tragedy: it’s estimated that more than 1,100 college students at 18 to 24 years of age die each year from alcohol-related injuries, including car crashes, and almost 600, 000 are injured under the influence of alcohol.
In addition to drinking, future freshmen may also have gaps in their knowledge about other aspects of university life.A study has found that students are “generally aware” of the fact that they have to place them into college courses and their school’s curricular requirements.In addition, many students hold misunderstandings such as “Getting into college is the hardest part”, and “I can take whatever classes I want when I get to college”.In fact, students’ courses may be determined by their level of preparation.
It is found that college-bound high-school graduates are faced with a number of potentially frightening tasks during the summer.For example, colleges typically require students to take placement tests(分班考试)and fill out a lot of paperwork, including housing and medical forms, over the summer.Completing these tasks may be especially frightening for low-income and first-generation college-bound students whose families may be short of experience with the college-going process.
In addition, it’s only in the summer after high-school graduation when students face the reality of paying the first college bill, which often includes unexpected costs like required health insurance.For college-intending students, successfully controlling the post-high-school summer thus requires a level of finance that may be unrelated to their ability to succeed in the classroom.As a result, students who have already broken through many barriers to college admission may fail to enter college.
Paring college-bound students with “fellow advisers”---students already in college who have been trained to support and coach their learners through the summer---improves the rate at which the learners show up at college.Even more wonderful, a low-cost campaign of text messages---in which researchers sent recent high-school graduates and their parents a series of eight to ten text-message reminders of key tasks to complete over the summer---is just as effective in increasing the rate of students who successfully make the change to college.
A little “summer pushing” could be a key step in getting students all the way across the finish line.
The Key to College Success: Summer | |
Facts | The summer before college throws 1. dangers to high-school graduates. |
College life is challenging and needs students’ 2. . | |
Reasons for college failure | Many misfortunes happening to future freshmen are related to 3. . |
Future freshmen have false4. about college life. | |
Tasks related to going to college may create some 5. for a certain group of high-school graduates. | |
Finance may become a threat6. to those who can give good academic performance. | |
7. | Get ready, as the level of preparations really does 8. . |
Future freshmen may be recommended to 9. to “fellow advisers”. | |
Text messages can be used as 10. of completing key tasks. |
高三英语其他题中等难度题查看答案及解析
任务型阅读(共10小题;每小题1分,满分10分)
请认真阅读下列短文,并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。
注意:每个空格只填1个单词。
The Hong Kong government is set to overhaul(革新) its immigration policy with the aim of making it easier for mainland and overseas talents to live and work in the city. This is a welcome step because it will remove what is widely seen as a major hurdle to Hong Kong’s efforts to attract qualified immigrants to help its development.
To sustain the growth of the services sector, which accounts for nearly 80 percent of Hong Kong’s GDP, it is necessary to continuously expand the pool of talents in various fields. Efforts to attract mainland and overseas talents to Hong Kong are taking on special urgency not only because of fierce competition from other cities, particularly Singapore, but also the rapidly aging population resulting from years of low or negative birthrates.
Hong Kong enjoys certain distinct advantages over many Asian cities in the competition for talents. Beyond its vibrant economy, underlined by a free market environment, Hong Kong has a combination of some of the most distinctive elements of Chinese and Western cultures. Hong Kong is as exciting as many other Asian boomtowns, and yet it is no less efficient than a typical European city with a much smaller population. Housing costs are high, but no higher than those in other financial centers. For international banks and multinational corporations, housing costs are a concern only when the opportunity to make money begins to dry up. And this situation is not happening in Hong Kong as the local economy, riding the boom on the mainland, is rapidly expanding.
It is within this context that the government takes the lead to revise its immigration policy, which calls for, among other things, the establishment of a one-stop service center to process all applications under various migrant schemes. This means that an applicant will in future need to submit only one form for processing. Other changes to the policy include the removing of the age restrictions and lowering of experience requirements. Under the present scoring system used to vet applicants, those who are older than 50 and those with less than five years of work experience win no points in their respective categories. The details of the proposed changes have not been announced. But according to a government official quoted by the local press, the aim is to broaden the pool of qualified applicants.
The HK government’s revising its immigration policy | |
Aims | It aims to (56) _______ the pool of qualified immigrants and attract talents to help its development. |
Reasons | Other Asian (57) _______ cities bring great pressure on it. |
Low birth rates (58) _______ about rapidly aging population. | |
Advantages | It has a (59) _______ market environment. |
It (60) _______ elements of Chinese culture and those of Western cultures. | |
It is as (61) _______ as a typical European city. | |
(62) _______ with other financial centers, housing costs are not a concern due to the boom on the mainland. | |
Changes | Applicants will need to (63) _______ in only one form for processing. |
The age restrictions are (64) _______. | |
Experience requirements are (65) _______. |
高三英语其他题简单题查看答案及解析
请认真阅读下列短文,并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意:每个空格只填1个单词。
The story of the emperor’s new clothes is one of Andersen's best-known fables. Conmen fool the monarch into believing they have made him a fabulous suit that the unworthy will be unable to see. Courtiers dare not say that the emperor is naked; it takes a child to point out the obvious.
The moral is that people are often too hidebound (迂腐的) by social convention o state their views. How many companies have ploughed ahead with expensive projects that were favoured by the chief executive, even when other managers have had doubts? In his new book Rebel ldeas: The Power of Diverse Thinking, Matthew Syed argues that the key to dealing with this problem is “cognitive diversity”, in other words, assembling a team of people with different perspectives and intellectual backgrounds. It is not just about selecting people for teams from both sexes and various ethnicities. Hire only Cambridge politics graduates or Harvard MBAS or Stanford software engineers and they will have studied under the same professors and absorbed similar world views regardless of their gender or skin colour.
There is another element to selecting a good team: ensuring that those viewpoints are heard and respected. That may not happen if those in charge are overbearing(专横的). A study of over 300 projects by the Rotterdam School of Management found that those led by junior managers were more likely to succeed than those led by senior managers maybe because other team members were less scared about pointing out potential dangers to someone lower down the pecking order(权势等级).
The ability to speak up within an organization, without fear of punishment, is known as “psychological safety”. Mr. Syed cites a study of teams at Google, which found that self-reported psychological safety was by far the most important factor behind successful teamwork at the technology giant.
One way to overcome shyness while brainstorming, for instance, is for everyone to write down their ideas but ensure their names are never known. That way opinions about thoughts are less closely tied to the seniority of the thinker and can be tested against each other with less fear or favour.
Increasing the number and range of ideas on offer may be the secret of success. As Mr. Syed writes, the willingness to share knowledge pays off in a world of complexity. Another advantage of diversity is that outsiders can spot profitable opportunities that insiders may miss. Immigrants account for 13% of the American population but 27. 5%of those who start a new business. By their nature, migrants have more get up and go than the average person otherwise they wouldn't move Some may start businesses because existing ones won't hire foreigners, but Mr. Syed is probably right that experiencing more than one culture is a competitive advantage.
The Power of Diverse Thinking | |
Main points | Detailed information |
Two1. to introduce the problem | When the emperor is convinced that he's wearing a fabulous suit, none but a child dares to point out the fact 2. of being regarded as the unworthy. 3.to the situation in the story, many managers don’t dare to voice their doubts about some projects, which are being pushed ahead with just because of the chief executive's favour. |
Mr. Syed’s solution to the problem: cognitive diversity | A team of people with diverse viewpoints and intellectual backgrounds should be 4.. 1. People of both sexes and various ethnicities don't 5. compose a good team while those with different academic backgrounds are more likely to. 2. Make sure different viewpoints are heard and respected, which may possibly happen when someone less6. is in charge. 3. Some special approaches like ensuring people to express ideas 7. their names unknown to others can be adopted to increase members' psychological safety. |
Some 8. of diverse thinking | The more ideas are collected and the 9. their range is, the higher the chance of success is. 10. profitable opportunities is a relatively easy job for people with diverse thinking. |
高三英语任务型阅读中等难度题查看答案及解析
阅读填空
请认真阅读下列短文,并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。
注意:请将答案写在答题纸上相应题号的横线上。每个空格只填一个单词。
Family structure is the core of any culture.A major function of the family is to socialize new members of a culture.As children are raised in a family setting,they learn to become members of the family as well as members of the larger culture.The family provides the model for all other relationships in society.Through the observations and modeling of the behavior of other family members,children learn about the family and society including the values of the culture.Family structure and their inherent relationships and obligations are a major source of cultural difference.
The family is the center of most traditional Asians' lives.Many people worry about their families' welfare,reputation,and honor.Asian families are often extended,including several generations related by blood or marriage living in the same home.An Asian person's misdeeds are not blamed just on the individual but also on the family—including the dead ancestors.
Traditional Chinese,among many other Asians,respect their elders and feel a deep sense of duty toward them.Children repay their parents' sacrifices by being successful and supporting them in old age.This is accepted as a natural part of life in China.In contrast,taking care of aged parents is often viewed as tremendous burden in the United States,where aging and family support are not honored highly.
The Vietnamese family consists of people currently alive as well as the spirits of the dead and of the asyet unborn.Any decisions or actions are done from family considerations,not individual desires.People's behavior is judged on whether it brings shame or pride to the family.Vietnamese children are trained to rely on their families,to honor elderly people,and to fear foreigners.Many Vietnamese think that their actions in this life will influence their status in the next life.
Fathers in traditional Japanese families are typically strict and distant.Japanese college students in one study said they would tell their fathers just about as much as they would tell a total stranger.The emotional and communication barrier between children and fathers in Japan appears very strong after children have reached a certain age.
Although there has been much talk about “family values”in the United States,the family is not a usual frame of reference for decisions in U.S.mainstream culture.Family connections are not so important to most people.Dropping the names of wealthy or famous people the family knows is done in the United States,but it is not viewed positively.More important is a person's own individual “track record” of personal achievement.
Thus,many cultural differences exist in family structures and values.In some cultures,the family is the center of life and the main frame of reference for decisions.In other cultures,the individuals,not the family,is primary.In some cultures,the family's reputation and honor depend on each person's actions;in other cultures,individuals can act without permanently affecting the family life.Some cultures value old people,while other cultures look down on them.
(Adaptedfrom R.L.Oxford & R.C.Scarcella,“A Few Family Structures and Values Around the Globe”)
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
任务型阅读
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Family structure is the core of any culture. A major function of the family is to socialize new members ofa culture. As children are raised in a family setting, they learn to become members of the family as well as members of the larger culture. The family provides the model for all other relationships in society. Through the observations and modeling of the behavior of other family members, children learn about the family and society including the values of the culture. Family structure and their inherent relationships and obligations are a major source of cultural difference.
The family is the center of most traditional Asians' lives. Many people worry about their families' welfare, reputation, and honor. Asian families are often extended, including several generations related by blood or marriage living in the same home. An Asian person's misdeeds are not blamed just on the individual but also on the family—including the dead ancestors.
Traditional Chinese, among many other Asians, respect their elders and feel a deep sense of duty toward them. Children repay their parents' sacrifices by being successful and supporting them in old age. This is accepted as a natural part of life in China. In contrast, taking care of aged parents is often viewed as tremendous burden in the United States, where aging and family support are not honored highly.
The Vietnamese family consists of people currently alive as well as the spirits of the dead and of the as-yet unborn. Any decisions or actions are done from family considerations, not individual desires. People's behavior is judged on whether it brings shame or pride to the family. Vietnamese children are trained to rely on their families, to honor elderly people, and to fear foreigners. Many Vietnamese think that their actions in this life will influence their status in the next life.
Fathers in traditional Japanese families are typically strict and distant. Japanese college students in one study said they would tell their fathers just about as much as they would tell a total stranger. The emotional and communication barrier between children and fathers in Japan appears very strong after children have reached a certain age.
Although there has been much talk about "family values" in the United States, the family is not a usual frame of reference for decisions in U.S. mainstream culture. Family connections are not so important to most people. Dropping the names of wealthy or famous people the family knows is done in the United States, but it is not viewed positively. More important is a person's own individual "track record" of personal achievement.
Thus, many cultural differences exist in family structures and values. In some cultures, the family is the center of life and the main frame of reference for decisions. In other cultures, the individuals, not the family, is primary. In some cultures, the family's reputation and honor depend on each person's actions; in other cultures, individuals can act without permanently affecting the family life. Some cultures value old people, while other cultures look down on them.
(Adapted from R. L. Oxford & R. C. Scarcella, "A Few Family Structures and Values Around the Globe")
Outline | Supporting details |
1. A to family structure | Family structure is of great 2. A in different cultures. Children raised in a family will gradually learn how to 3. A in a way which is acceptable in their culture or setting. 'Many cultural differences 4. A from family structures. |
Examples of Asian families | Traditional Asians 5. A their lives around family. Not only the individual but the family is to6. A for any wrongdoings. O In China, parents' sacrifices will probably7. off when children grow up. Children will also provide for the elders. O In Vietnam, it's not from the personal desires but from family considerations that decisions or actions are done. In Japan, children are 8. A to share their emotions with father, thus making communication difficult. |
Examples of families in the USA | Americans don't lay much emphasis on family values. 9. A personal achievement is considered more important. |
Conclusion | Family structures and values 10. A in different cultures. |
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