“New and improved.” These words are put in so many marketing campaigns that we tend to accept them as linked. But many new drugs aren’t an improvement over the best existing drug for a given condition, and the fast drug-approval processes in recent years have added to the uncertainty about their advantages.
A recent report in the British Medical Journal, “New Drugs: Where Did We Go Wrong and What Can We Do Better?” analysed the issue. The authors looked at 216 drugs approved between 2011 and 2017; 152 were newly developed, and 64 were existing medicine approved for new uses. Only 25% offered a major advantage over the established treatment, and fully 58% had no confirmed added benefit to reduce symptoms or improve health-related quality of life.
“This doesn’t mean there’s no added benefit,” lead author Wieseler said. “It just means we have no positive proof. Either we have no studies or have studies not good enough.” Wieseler and her co-authors work for a German agency which evaluates new treatments and advises on whether the country’s health care system should pay a premium (补贴) for them. If payers think a new drug isn’t better than an existing drug, these agencies will require that hospitals try the cheaper drug first.
Germany’s HTA demands trials to prove that a new treatment beats the existing standard. This isn’t always practical. For one thing, such studies can be expensive and time-consuming, with no guarantee of success. Secondly, it can discourage companies from attempting to develop new alternatives. This is already happening. Drug developers are increasingly focused on areas where there are no good treatments to compete with, such as rare diseases.
This lack of meaningful data to guide patients is a major point of Wieseler’s paper. With accelerated approval, there are more products approved, with a greater amount of uncertainty about risks and benefits. But there are other solutions besides drug trials. One idea is to require postmarket studies to track the effectiveness of newly approved drugs—a step too often neglected.
1.What message does the recent report convey?
A.Improved drugs have advantages over old ones.
B.The approval processes for new drugs are too fast.
C.Many new drugs have no improved advantages.
D.Almost half the drugs approved target the special cases.
2.What’s the disadvantage of Germany’s HTA trial demands?
A.Making drug companies think of illegal ways to cut cost.
B.Holding companies back from improving existing drugs.
C.Getting patients to depend on the government for support.
D.Pushing companies to try alternatives for existing drugs.
3.What is the best title for the text?
A.The Advantage of Existing Drugs
B.The Great Potential of New Drugs
C.People's Preference for New or Old Drugs
D.A Dilemma with New Drug Alternatives
高三英语阅读选择中等难度题
“ New and improved. ” These words are put in so many marketing campaigns that we tend to accept them as linked. But many new drugs aren't an improvement over the best existing drug for a given condition, and the fast drug-approval processes in recent years have added to the uncertainty about their advantages.
A recent report in the British Medical Journal, "New Drugs: Where Did We Go Wrong and What Can We Do Better?, analysed the issue, The authors looked at 216 drugs approved between 2011 and 2017 ; 152 were newly developed, and 64 were existing medicine approved for new uses. Only 25% offered a major advantage over the established treatment, and fully 58% had no confirmed added benefit to reduce symptoms or improve health-related quality of life.
"This doesn’t mean there's no added benefit," lead author Wieseler said. “It just means we have no positive proof. Either we have no studies or have studies not good enough. ” Wieseler and her co-authors work for a German institute which evaluates new treatments and advises on whether the country's health care system should pay a premium ( 占)for them. Such organizations , known as health technology assessment ( HTA) agencies, work a little differently in the US, says Sean Tunis,a researcher in Baltimore: “ If payers think a new drug isn't better than an existing drug,these agencies will require .that hospitals try the cheaper drug first. ”
Germany's HTA demands trials to prove that a new treatment beats the existing standard. This isn't always practical For one thing, such studies can be expensive and time-consuming, with no guarantee of success. Secondly, it can discourage companies from attempting to develop new alternatives. This is already happening. Drug developers are increasingly focused on areas where there are no good treatments to compete with, such as rare diseases.
This lack of meaningful data to guide patients is a major point of Wieseler's paper- With accelerated approval, there are more products approved, with a greater amount of uncertainty about risks and benefits. But there are other solutions besides drug trials. One idea is to require postmarket studies to track the effectiveness of newly approved drugs—a step too often neglected.
1.What message does the recent report convey?
A.Many new drugs have no improved advantages.
B.The approval processes for new drugs are too fast.
C.Improved drugs have advantages over old ones.
D.Before 2017 no improvement was made to drugs.
2.What will US HTA agencies do when no advantage is found in new drugs?
A.Remove government premium on them.
B.Get hospitals to use the cheaper drugs.
C.Arrange financial support for the patients.
D.Put new drugs on further trials and studies.
3.What's the disadvantage of Germany's HTA trial demands?
A.Making drug companies think of illegal ways to cut cost.
B.Pushing companies to try alternatives for existing drugs.
C.Getting patients to depend on the government for support.
D.Holding companies back from improving existing drugs.
4.What is the best title for the text?
A.The Advantage of Existing Drugs
B.Misunderstanding of New and Old Drugs
C.A Dilemma with New Drug Alternatives
D.Peopled Preference for New or Old Drugs
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
"New and improved."These words are put in so many marketing campaigns that we tend to accept them as linked.But many new drugs aren't an improvement over the best existing drug for a given condition,and the fast drug-approval processes in recent years have added to the uncertainty about their advantages.
A recent report in the British Medical Journal,"New Drugs;Where Did We Go Wrong and What We Do Better?" analyzed the issue,The authors looked at 216 drugs approved between 2011 and 2017; 152 were newly developed,and 64 were existing medicine approved for new uses. Only 25% offered a major advantage over the established treatment,and fully 58% had no confirmed added benefit to reduce symptoms or improve health-related quality of life.
"This doesn't mean there's no added benefit,"lead author Wieseler said."It just means we have no positive proof Either we have no studies or have studies not good enough.”Wieseler and her co-authors work for a German agency which evaluates new treatments and advises on whether the country's health care system should pay a premium(补贴)for them.If payers think a new drug isn't better than an existing drug,these agencies will require that hospitals try the cheaper drug first.
Germany's HTA demands trials to prove that a new treatment beats the existing standard. This isn't always practical. For one thing, such studies can be expensive and time-consuming,with no guarantee of success.Secondly,it can discourage companies from attempting to develop new alternatives.This is already happening.Drug developers are increasingly focused on areas where there are no good treatments to compete with,such as rare diseases.
This lack of meaningful data to guide patients is a major point of Wieseler's paper.With accelerated approval,there are more products approved,with a greater amount of uncertainty about risks and benefits. But there are other solutions besides drug trials.One idea is to require postmarket studies to track the effectiveness of newly approved drugs-a step too often neglected.
1.What message does the recent report convey?
A.Improved drugs have advantages over old ones.
B.The approval processes for new drugs are too fast.
C.Many new drugs have no improved advantages.
D.Almost half the drugs approved target the special cases.
2.What's the disadvantage of Germany's HTA trial demands?
A.Making drug companies think of illegal ways to cut cost.
B.Holding companies back from improving existing drugs.
C.Getting patients to depend on the government for support.
D.Pushing companies to try alternatives for existing drugs.
3.What is the best title for the text?
A.The Advantage of Existing Drugs B.The Great Potential of New Drugs
C.People's Preference for New or Old Drugs D.A Dilemma with New Drug Alternatives
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
“New and improved. “These words are put in so many marketing campaigns that we tend to accept them as linked. But many new drugs aren’t an improvement over the best existing drug for a given condition, and the fast drug-approval processes in recent years have added to the uncertainty about their advantages.
A recent report in the British Medical Journal, “New Drugs: Where Did We Go Wrong and What Can We Do Better? “Analyzed the issue. The authors looked at 216 drugs approved between 2011 and 2017:152 were newly developed, and 64 were existing medicine approved for new uses. Only 25%offered a major advantage over the established treatment, and fully 58%had no confirmed added benefit to reduce symptoms or improve health-related quality of life.
“This doesn’t mean there’s no added benefit, “lead author Wissler said. “It just means we have no positive proof. Either we have no studies or have studies not good enough. “Wissler and her co-authors work for a German institute which evaluates new treatments and advises on whether the country’s health care system should pay a premium(补贴)for them. Such organizations, known as health technology assessment(HTA)agencies, work a little differently in the US, says Sean Tunisia researcher in Baltimore: “If payers think a new drug isn’t better than an existing drug, these agencies will require that hospitals try the cheaper drug first.”
Germanys HTA demands trials to prove that a new treatment beats the existing standard. This isn’t always practical. For one thing, such studies can be expensive and time-consuming, with no guarantee of success. Secondly, it can discourage companies from attempting to develop new alternatives. This is already happening. Drug developers are increasingly focused on areas where there are no good treatments to compete with, such as rare diseases.
This lack of meaningful data to guide patients is a major point of Wissler’s paper. With accelerated approval, there are more products approved, with a greater amount of uncertainty about risks and benefits. But there are other solutions besides drug trials. One idea is to require postmarked studies to track the effectiveness of newly approved drugs—a step too often neglected.
1.What message does the recent report convey?
A.Improved drugs have advantages over old ones.
B.Many new drugs have no improved advantages.
C.Before 2017 no improvement was made to drugs.
D.The approval processes for new drugs are too fast.
2.What will US HTA agencies do when no advantage is found in new drugs?
A.Get hospitals to use the cheaper drugs.
B.Remove government premium on them.
C.Arrange financial support for the patients.
D.Put new drugs on further trials and studies.
3.What’s the disadvantage of Germany’s HTA trial demands?
A.Getting patients to depend on the government for support.
B.Making drug companies think of illegal ways to cut cost.
C.Holding companies back from improving existing drugs.
D.Pushing companies to try alternatives for existing drugs.
4.What is the best title for the text?
A.The Advantage of Existing Drugs
B.A Dilemma with New Drug Alternatives
C.Misunderstanding of New and Old Drugs
D.People’s Preference for New or Old Drug
高三英语阅读理解困难题查看答案及解析
“New and improved.” These words are put in so many marketing campaigns that we tend to accept them as linked. But many new drugs aren’t an improvement over the best existing drug for a given condition, and the fast drug-approval processes in recent years have added to the uncertainty about their advantages.
A recent report in the British Medical Journal, “New Drugs: Where Did We Go Wrong and What Can We Do Better?” analysed the issue. The authors looked at 216 drugs approved between 2011 and 2017; 152 were newly developed, and 64 were existing medicine approved for new uses. Only 25% offered a major advantage over the established treatment, and fully 58% had no confirmed added benefit to reduce symptoms or improve health-related quality of life.
“This doesn’t mean there’s no added benefit,” lead author Wieseler said. “It just means we have no positive proof. Either we have no studies or have studies not good enough.” Wieseler and her co-authors work for a German agency which evaluates new treatments and advises on whether the country’s health care system should pay a premium (补贴) for them. If payers think a new drug isn’t better than an existing drug, these agencies will require that hospitals try the cheaper drug first.
Germany’s HTA demands trials to prove that a new treatment beats the existing standard. This isn’t always practical. For one thing, such studies can be expensive and time-consuming, with no guarantee of success. Secondly, it can discourage companies from attempting to develop new alternatives. This is already happening. Drug developers are increasingly focused on areas where there are no good treatments to compete with, such as rare diseases.
This lack of meaningful data to guide patients is a major point of Wieseler’s paper. With accelerated approval, there are more products approved, with a greater amount of uncertainty about risks and benefits. But there are other solutions besides drug trials. One idea is to require postmarket studies to track the effectiveness of newly approved drugs—a step too often neglected.
1.What message does the recent report convey?
A.Improved drugs have advantages over old ones.
B.The approval processes for new drugs are too fast.
C.Many new drugs have no improved advantages.
D.Almost half the drugs approved target the special cases.
2.What’s the disadvantage of Germany’s HTA trial demands?
A.Making drug companies think of illegal ways to cut cost.
B.Holding companies back from improving existing drugs.
C.Getting patients to depend on the government for support.
D.Pushing companies to try alternatives for existing drugs.
3.What is the best title for the text?
A.The Advantage of Existing Drugs
B.The Great Potential of New Drugs
C.People's Preference for New or Old Drugs
D.A Dilemma with New Drug Alternatives
高三英语阅读选择中等难度题查看答案及解析
阅读短文,按照题目要求用英语回答问题。
Reading with Rover is a reading program where children read to dogs. In addition to Reading with Rover, which is based on Washington state, there are many such reading programs around the country. The goal of all these programs is to improve the reading skills of children with reading problems by having children read to dogs.
When reading aloud in the classroom, many children with reading problems and poor reading skills feel frightened. They have little confidence in themselves and are afraid of being laughed at. They may also feel that reading is difficult, boring and stressful. However, when children read to dogs, reading becomes a fun and non-stressful experience for both the children and the dogs. Dogs don’t criticize, judge or laugh at the children’s reading ability.
Reading with Rover and other programs like it have been a huge success, resulting in improved reading skills for a significant number of participating children with reading problems. In addition to making learning enjoyable, when children read to dogs, it increases their sense of worth and self-confidence.
As part of the Reading with Rover program, the children read to dogs that are registered therapy dogs. These are dogs that have been trained and tested. Along with their owners, these dogs have become registered therapy teams.
A recent research study was conducted by the University of California, which concluded that when children read to dogs, it can increase their reading skills by thirty percent.
Children who took part in this study remarked, “I feel relaxed when I am reading to a dog because I am having fun.” “The dogs don’t care if you read really badly so you just keep going.”
When children read to dogs and improve their reading skills, it becomes just another example of how wonderful dogs are and how important they are to our society.
1.What’s the aim of Reading with Rover?(no more than 10 words)
2.Why does reading become a fun and non-stressful experience when children read to dogs?(no more than 12 words)
3.What’s Paragraph 3 mainly about?(no more than 12 words)
4.What does the underlined word “conducted” mean in the fifth paragraph?(no more than 2 words)
5.What do you think of Reading with Rover and other programs like it? Please explain.(no more than 25 words)
高三英语阅读表达中等难度题查看答案及解析
There are the two simple words, “if” and “what”. These two words can be used in many sentences and questions by themselves, but if you put them together, it forms a serious question, “What if…?”
This question will bring you back to a certain time in your life when you made a choice. You may not be happy with that choice today and often think about why you did it, but you made the decision because it was the best choice at that specific moment in your life. Now, years later, you start to think about that specific choice you made. You mentally struggle with yourself and consider if you could choose again, what would you do? Would it be totally different?
I truly believe if you want something very much, you can do it and achieve it , because “Where there is a will, there is a way.” You can correct the mistakes of your decisions for the past, go out and find happiness in the right decisions for your future. It is never too late to do anything in life.
【写作内容】
1. 以约30个词概括上文的主要内容。
2. 以约120个词就“人生努力永不晚”谈一谈你的看法,内容包括:
(1) 你对人生努力的理解;
(2) 举一个“大器晚成”的例子;
(3) 你对实例的评价或看法。
【写作要求】
1. 作文中可以使用实例来支持你的论点,也可以参照阅读材料的内容论述,但不得直接引用原文中的句子;
2. 作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称。
【评分标准】
概括准确,语言规范,内容合适,篇章连贯。
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
高三英语书面表达中等难度题查看答案及解析
There are the two simple words, “if” and “what”. These two words can be used in many sentences and questions by themselves, but if you put them together, it forms a serious question, “What if…?”
This question will bring you back to a certain time in your life when you made a choice. You may not be happy with that choice today and often think about why you did it, but you made the decision because it was the best choice at that specific moment in your life. Now, years later, you start to think about that specific choice you made. You mentally struggle with yourself and consider if you could choose again, what would you do? Would it be totally different?
I truly believe if you want something very much, you can do it and achieve it , because “Where there is a will, there is a way.” You can correct the mistakes of your decisions for the past, go out and find happiness in the right decisions for your future. It is never too late to do anything in life.
【写作内容】
1. 以约30个词概括上文的主要内容。
2. 以约120个词就“人生努力永不晚”谈一谈你的看法,内容包括:
(1) 你对人生努力的理解;
(2) 举一个“大器晚成”的例子;
(3) 你对实例的评价或看法。
【写作要求】
1. 作文中可以使用实例来支持你的论点,也可以参照阅读材料的内容论述,但不得直接引用原文中的句子;
2. 作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称。
【评分标准】
概括准确,语言规范,内容合适,篇章连贯。
高三英语书面表达中等难度题查看答案及解析
From linguists’ point of view, grammar is a set of patterns for how words are put together to form phrases or clauses, whether in spoken or written. Different languages have different patterns. Some scholars have tried to identify patterns common to all languages. But apart from some basic features, few of these so-called linguistic universals have been found.
The study of these patterns open up “an ongoing debate” between two positions, known as prescriptivism and descriptivism. Prescriptivism thinks a given language should follow consistent rules, while descriptivism sees variation and adaptation as a natural and necessary part of language.
Language purists(纯化论者) worked to establish and promote this standard by detailing a set of rules that reflected the established grammar of their times. And rules for written grammar were applied to spoken language as well. Speech patterns that deviated from the written rules were considered signs of low social status. And many people who are grown-ups speaking in these ways were forced to adopt the standardized form.
More recently, however, linguists have understood that speech is a separate phenomenon from writing with its own regularities and patterns.We form our spoken skills through unconscious habits, not memorized rules. And because speech also uses mood and intonation for meaning, its structure is often more flexible, adapting to the needs of speakers and listeners. This could mean avoiding complex clauses that are hard to understand in real time, making changes to avoid awkward pronunciation or removing sounds to make speech faster.
But while the debate between prescriptivism and descriptivism continues, the two are not mutually exclusive. Like language itself, it’s a wonderful and complex fabric woven through the contributions of speakers and listeners, writers and readers, prescriptivists and descriptivists from both near and far.
1.What does the underlined word“deviated”in Paragraph 3 probably mean?
A.copied B.updated C.differed D.originated
2.According to the passage, prescriptivism____________.
A.focuses on established language patterns B.accepts the differences between languages
C.follows the innovations in language patterns D.attaches more importance to written language
3.What is Paragraph 4 mainly about?
A.A new understanding of language. B.The beliefs held by prescriptivists.
C.The impact of grammar on language. D.The ongoing debate between linguists.
4.Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?
A.The Importance of Grammar. B.The History of Grammar.
C.Grammar: Rules or Habits. D.Grammar: Writing Rules.
高三英语阅读选择中等难度题查看答案及解析
Every day is Earth Day — probably you’ve heard it before. Nearly all Americans have access to a plastic recycling program. You may be surprised to learn how many types of plastic packaging can be recycled into new, useful products!
Ford Motor Company has been helping to promote the use of environmentally-friendly auto parts — and one way they’re doing that is by using recycled plastic bottles for underbody shields (底盘保护罩) and other auto parts on cars.
“The underbody shield is a large part, and for a part that big, if we use solid plastic, it would likely weigh three times as much,” said Thomas Sweder, a design engineer of Ford Motor Company. “We look for the most durable and highest performing materials to work with to make our parts, and in this case, we are also creating many environmental benefits.”
In the past decade, the global use of plastics in vehicle parts has grown quickly. Ford alone uses about 1.2 billion recycled plastic bottles per year, about 250 bottles per vehicle on average.
When plastic bottles are thrown into a recycling bin, they are collected with thousands of others and cut into small pieces. These pieces are typically sold to suppliers who turn them into fibers, by melting and pressing them. Then they are mixed together with other various types of fiber in a process and used to make a sheet of material which is formed into the auto parts.
Due to its light weight, recycled plastic is ideal for the manufacturing of underbody shields. These shields reportedly also help create a significantly quieter environment on the new 2020 Ford Escape.
This is not the only way that Ford has been committed to environmental protection; the automotive company recently partnered with McDonald’s coffee suppliers to recycle all of their coffee roasting biowaste into headlights.
“Ford is among the leaders when it comes to using recycled materials such as this,” Sweder said. “This material meets all of our requirements for durability and performance.”
1.Why does Ford choose recycled plastic as environmentally-friendly materials?
A.Because it’s new and useful. B.Because it’s durable and light.
C.Because it’s cheap and easy to get. D.Because it’s portable and well-performed.
2.What does Paragraph 5 mainly talk about?
A.The global use of plastics. B.The mixing process of fibers.
C.The advantages of plastic bottles. D.The formation of the new auto material.
3.What does the underlined word “This” in Paragraph 7 refer to?
A.Recycling coffee roasting biowaste. B.Improving vehicle parts.
C.Recycling plastic bottles into auto parts. D.Creating a quieter environment.
4.What can be the best title of the passage?
A.Ford Takes the Lead in Plastic Recycling.
B.Every Day is Earth Day.
C.Ecological Auto Underbody Shields.
D.A Pioneer in Promoting Environmental Protection.
高三英语阅读选择中等难度题查看答案及解析
Many adults see rainy days as perfect for relaxing and curling up with a good book or a favorite movie. 1. They want to run, play, and release their pent-up energy. The situation isn’t hopeless, though. There are many rainy day activities that are perfect for children of all ages.
As soon as kids begin to feel frustrated from being trapped in the house, they will become destructive, and the kitchen table and chairs will become jungle gyms. In this case, help them to release their energy in a productive manner. Try turning the music loud and dancing.2.
Rainy days often lead to a desire for sweet treats, so make baking one of kids’ favorite rainy day activities. Grab the kids and make some cookies, cakes or pies. Allow the kids to do most of the work, except for handling sharp objects or touching the stove or oven.3. They will also be content with a stomach full of warm cookies and milk.
4.These give the kids a chance to develop their imagination and improve their fine motor skills. Set the kids up in an area of the house that is easily cleaned up. Allow them to explore their creativity.
Playing dress-up is one of kids’ favorite rainy day activities. Pull out some clothes that aren’t worn often and have the kids dress up.5. If a video camera is handy, record it and let the kids watch it with a bag of popcorn.
A.Try putting together a game of mud football.
B.Rainy day activities often include art projects.
C.Make it even more exciting by putting on plays.
D.On the other hand,many kids see rainy days as boring
E.Rain won’t hurt the kids,and can be a nice change of pace.
F.After their energy is released,the kids can do quiet rainy day activities.
G.The kids will be very proud of themselves for completing such an activity.
高三英语七选五中等难度题查看答案及解析