If plastic had been invented when the Pilgrims (清教徒移民) sailed from Plymouth, England, to North America and the Mayflower had been stocked with bottled water and plastic-wrapped snacks, their plastic waste would likely still be around, four centuries later. If the Pilgrims had been like many people today and had simply thrown their empty bottles and wrappers over the side, Atlantic waves and sunlight would have worn all that plastic into tiny bits. And those bits might still be floating around the world’s oceans today, waiting to be eaten by unfortunate fish, and eventually perhaps by one of us.
Because plastic wasn’t invented until the late 19th century, and production really only took off around 1950, we have a mere 9.2 billion tons of the stuff to deal with. Of that, more than 6.9 billion tons have become waste. And of that waste, a shocking 6.3 billion tons never made it to recycling facilities.
No one knows how much unrecycled plastic waste ends up in the ocean, Earth’s last sink. In 2015, Jenna Jambeck, a university of Georgia engineering professor, caught everyone’s attention with a rough estimate: between 5.3 million and 14 million tons each year just from coastal regions. Most of it isn’t thrown off ships, she and her colleagues say, but is dumped carelessly on land or in rivers, mostly in Asia. It’s then blown or washed into the sea. It’s unclear how long it will take for that plastic to completely biodegrade (降解). Estimates range from 450 years to never.
Meanwhile, ocean plastic is estimated to kill millions of marine animals every year. Nearly 700 species, including endangered ones, are known to have been affected by it. Some are harmed visibly-strangled (勒死) by abandoned fishing nets. Many more are probably harmed invisibly. Marine species of all sizes, from fish to whale, now eat microplastics, the bits smaller than one-fifth of an inch across. On Hawaii’s Big Island, on a beach to which no paved road, I walked ankle-deep through mocroplastics. After that, I could understand why some people see ocean plastic as an approaching disaster, worth mentioning in the same breath as climate change.
And yet there’s a key difference: Ocean plastic is not as complicated as climate change. There are no mean waste deniers (否认者), at least so far. To do something about it, we have to remake our planet’s entire energy system.
“This isn’t a problem where we don’t know what the solution is,” says Jambeck. “We know how to pick up garbage. Anyone can do it. We know how to deal with it. We know how to recycle.” It’s a matter of building the necessary institutions and systems, she says--ideally before the ocean tums, for centuries to come, into a thin soup of plastic.
1.In the first paragraph the author emphasizes the fact that ______.
A.British people migrated to America four centuries ago
B.people have kept doing research in plastic for four centuries
C.there was no plastic pollution four centuries ago
D.plastic waste would remain in the ocean for four centuries
2.How are marine animals harmed invisibly by ocean plastic?
A.They eat microplastics.
B.They drown in microplastics.
C.They are coated with waste plastic bags.
D.They are struggling in abandoned plastic nets.
3.Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?
A.People all agree reducing plastic production is the solution.
B.People tend to agree plastic waste has caused ocean plastic.
C.It has been scheduled to reverse the trend of climate change.
D.It has been scheduled to reverse the trend of ocean plastic.
高三英语阅读选择中等难度题
If plastic had been invented when the Pilgrims (清教徒移民) sailed from Plymouth, England, to North America and the Mayflower had been stocked with bottled water and plastic-wrapped snacks, their plastic waste would likely still be around, four centuries later. If the Pilgrims had been like many people today and had simply thrown their empty bottles and wrappers over the side, Atlantic waves and sunlight would have worn all that plastic into tiny bits. And those bits might still be floating around the world’s oceans today, waiting to be eaten by unfortunate fish, and eventually perhaps by one of us.
Because plastic wasn’t invented until the late 19th century, and production really only took off around 1950, we have a mere 9.2 billion tons of the stuff to deal with. Of that, more than 6.9 billion tons have become waste. And of that waste, a shocking 6.3 billion tons never made it to recycling facilities.
No one knows how much unrecycled plastic waste ends up in the ocean, Earth’s last sink. In 2015, Jenna Jambeck, a university of Georgia engineering professor, caught everyone’s attention with a rough estimate: between 5.3 million and 14 million tons each year just from coastal regions. Most of it isn’t thrown off ships, she and her colleagues say, but is dumped carelessly on land or in rivers, mostly in Asia. It’s then blown or washed into the sea. It’s unclear how long it will take for that plastic to completely biodegrade (降解). Estimates range from 450 years to never.
Meanwhile, ocean plastic is estimated to kill millions of marine animals every year. Nearly 700 species, including endangered ones, are known to have been affected by it. Some are harmed visibly-strangled (勒死) by abandoned fishing nets. Many more are probably harmed invisibly. Marine species of all sizes, from fish to whale, now eat microplastics, the bits smaller than one-fifth of an inch across. On Hawaii’s Big Island, on a beach to which no paved road, I walked ankle-deep through mocroplastics. After that, I could understand why some people see ocean plastic as an approaching disaster, worth mentioning in the same breath as climate change.
And yet there’s a key difference: Ocean plastic is not as complicated as climate change. There are no mean waste deniers (否认者), at least so far. To do something about it, we have to remake our planet’s entire energy system.
“This isn’t a problem where we don’t know what the solution is,” says Jambeck. “We know how to pick up garbage. Anyone can do it. We know how to deal with it. We know how to recycle.” It’s a matter of building the necessary institutions and systems, she says--ideally before the ocean tums, for centuries to come, into a thin soup of plastic.
1.In the first paragraph the author emphasizes the fact that ______.
A.British people migrated to America four centuries ago
B.people have kept doing research in plastic for four centuries
C.there was no plastic pollution four centuries ago
D.plastic waste would remain in the ocean for four centuries
2.How are marine animals harmed invisibly by ocean plastic?
A.They eat microplastics.
B.They drown in microplastics.
C.They are coated with waste plastic bags.
D.They are struggling in abandoned plastic nets.
3.Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?
A.People all agree reducing plastic production is the solution.
B.People tend to agree plastic waste has caused ocean plastic.
C.It has been scheduled to reverse the trend of climate change.
D.It has been scheduled to reverse the trend of ocean plastic.
高三英语阅读选择中等难度题查看答案及解析
If the motorbike driver had slowed down when he turned, the accident could have been _____.
A.avoided B.prevented C.escaped D.annoyed
高三英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析
If, for some reason, you had 2,010 empty plastic bottles, what would you do? You’d probably sell them cheaply, right? But Xia Yu collected 2,010bottles and built a boat with them, As you read this, Xia is, in fact, on a river somewhere in Anhuai, slowly going towards his destination: the Expo Garden in Shanghai.2,010 plastic bottles was to celebrate Expo (世博会) 2010 Shanghai.On the opening day of the Expo, Xia, together with five friends, went on a 1,500 – km journey from Xiangtan to the Expo Garden, in spite of the doubt whether they’ll make it.After all, the boat they are on can hardly be called a boat.It cost only 2,000 yuan to build in a month.
What’s keeping Xia going is a major cause behind the trip.“We are examining water pollution through our journey and trying to promote a low – carbon (低碳) lifestyle.Before we started, no one believed we could sail the boat to the Dongting Lake.But we made it.” But as they expected, the journey has not always been smooth.Of the six from Xiangtan, four gave up.As of the press time (到发稿时), only Xia and his friend Huang Ying were on the boat.Huang suffered from a disease when they reached Jiujiang, Jiangxi province, Xia said, “There are so many things that can stop up from making it to Shanghai, like the weather, health, and sometimes swift rive water.”
“The boat was produced in a factory according to our design, and perhaps it’s not in a very good condition.But,” Xia said, “we are wearing life jackets”.“Some boats passing by offered help.” What is more of a reward for Xia and Huang is that the Yangtze Rive truned out much cleaner than they had expected.Although Xia and Huang are uncertain about the journedy ahead, they are “quite happy” with what they have already achieved.“After all, it’s not the destination that counts.It’s always the course that matters the most.”
1.Xia Yu doubts the success of the journey because of ________.
A.such a 1ong journey on the river
B.the poor boat and the bad weather
C.few people taking part in the journey
D.the seriously polluted river in some parts
2.Which of the following is NOT the purpose of the journey?
A.To examine water pollution.
B.To celebrate Expo 2010 Shanghai.
C.To win a race on the water.
D.To promote a low-carbon lifestyle.
3.From the text we know that________.
A.They stay on the boat at night.
B.Three people gave up due to their bad health.
C.Xia Yu and his mate have arrived in Shanghai
D.Huang suffered from a disease on the journey.
4.The last paragraph tells us Xia Yu and Huang Ying ________.
A.pay more attention to the process.
B.are sure to arrive at the destination.
C.helped turn the Yangtze River cleaner.
D.are happy because of their final success.
高三英语阅读理解简单题查看答案及解析
In an effort to discourage people from using plastics,scientists have been hard at work inventing alternative packaging products.From water bottles made from seaweed to cutlery(餐具) made from rice and wheat,a number of inventions are set to change the way we eat while we are on the go,or having a relaxing picnic in the park.
The idea of using seaweed to make eco-friendly(环保的) water bottles has been around for a few years.Recently,Ari Jonsson took his invention—a water bottle made from red seaweed—to show off at a festival. The bottles will only hold their shape as long as they are filled.As soon as these bottles are empty they will begin to break down,though they would be perfectly safe to eat.Ari Jonsson’s bottles are a step closer to a widely used alternative to the current plastic ones.
The eatable water container is not the only product to add to our image of the future.Narayana Pessapaty has also created eatable spoons.After the success of his spoons, Mr Pessapaty is ready to expand and introduce forks and chopsticks to his menu.His aim is to largely reduce the amount of plastic waste,which is a huge problem for waste sites all over the world.It is a product that may take up to 500 years to break down,and recycling companies worldwide are struggling to deal with it.
Aside from the obvious benefits to the environment,this new packaging is also cheap to produce and therefore cheap to buy.Even better is the fact that similar eatable cutlery can be made at home,possibly a science project for children or just fun with friends.Why not get experimenting and create your own recipes?
1.Why do scientists invent alternative packaging products?
A. To make people’s life more convenient.
B. To reduce the amount of plastic waste.
C. To charge the way we picnic outside.
D. To show off their inventive talents.
2.What makes Ari Jonsson’s water bottles eco-friendly?
A. They can be made at home.
B. They are cheap to produce and buy.
C. They will hold their shape when they are filled.
D. They will break down themselves when empty.
3.What do Ari and Narayana’s inventions have in common?
A. They are convenient to carry. B. They are safe to eat.
C. They can be used for a short time. D. They are heavier than plastics.
4.What can be inferred from this passage?
A. Home-made eatable cutlery is likely to be popular.
B. Eatable cutlery’will completely replace plastics in the near future.
C. No recycling companies can breakdown plastic waste.
D. It’s unsafe for individuals to invent eatable cutlery at home.
高三英语阅读理解困难题查看答案及解析
If, for some reason, you had 2,010 empty plastic bottles, what would you do? You’d probably sell them cheaply, right? But Xia Yu collected 2,010 bottles and built a boat with them. As you read this, Xia is, in fact, on a river somewhere in Anhui, slowly going towards his destination: the Expo Garden in Shanghai. 2,010 plastic bottles were to celebrate Expo (世博会) 2010 Shanghai. On the opening day of the Expo, Xia, together with five friends, went on a 1, 500km journey from Xiangtan to the Expo Garden, in spite of the doubt whether they’ll make it. After all, the boat they are on can hardly be called a boat. It cost only 2,000 yuan to build in a month.
What’s keeping Xia going is a major cause behind the trip. “We are examining water pollution through our journey and trying to promote a low-carbon (低碳) lifestyle. Before we started, no one believed we could sail the boat to the Dongting Lake. But we made it.” But as they expected, the journey has not always been smooth. Of the six from Xiangtan, four gave up. As of the press time (到发稿时), only Xia and his friend Huang Ying were on the boat. Huang suffered from a disease when they reached Jiujiang, Jiangxi province, Xia said, “There are so many things that can stop us from making it to Shanghai, like the weather, health, and sometimes swift river water”.
The boat was produced in a factory according to our design, and perhaps it’s not in a very good condition. But, Xia said, “we are wearing life jackets. Some boats passing by offered help”. What is more of a reward for Xia and Huang is that the Yangtze River turned out much cleaner than they had expected. Although Xia and Huang are uncertain about the journey ahead, they are quite happy with what they have already achieved. After all, it’s not the destination that counts. It’s always the course that matters the most.
1.Xia Yu doubts the success of the journey because of .
A.such a long journey on the river
B.the poor boat and the bad weather
C.few people taking part in the journey
D.the seriously polluted river in some parts
2.Which of the following is NOT the purpose of the journey?
A.To examine water pollution.
B.To celebrate Expo 2010 Shanghai.
C.To win a race on the water.
D.To promote a low-carbon lifestyle.
3.From the text we know that .
A.they stay on the boat at night
B.three people gave up due to their bad health
C.Xia Yu and his mate have arrived in Shanghai
D.Huang suffered from a disease on the journey
高三英语阅读选择中等难度题查看答案及解析
As a Hollywood film star in the 1930s and 1940s, Hedy Lamarr at one point was called "the most beautiful woman in the world." What she was less known for was her scientific intellect.
Lamarr had a natural curiosity about the world around her. As young as age 5, she would spend time taking apart and rebuilding her music box to understand how it worked. But her technical mind was overshadowed by her looks-at 16, she got her first film role and quickly became an international icon.
As her acting career continued to take off during World War II, Lamarr became restless, feeling that she should do more to contribute to the Allies' war efforts. Together with her friend Antheil, Lamarr came up with a groundbreaking new form of wireless communication known as spread spectrum(光谱).The concept was to create a wireless signal that could hop from frequency to frequency, making it impossible to track or jam.They received a patent for their technology in 1942, but the military refused to implement(实施) it in their war effort.
The technology sat unused for years, until one day the military revived it in the 1960s and the system "spread like wildfire."It became the backbone of Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, GPS and a range of wireless communication mechanisms we rely on today.By the time the technology was implemented, Lamarr's patent had been due, and she never received a single payment for her revolutionary invention.
Hedy Lamarr played the role she was expected to play in Hollywood — a beautiful object to admire on the big screen.If she yielded to society's expectations in other ways, communication as we know it could look completely different today.
1.What was special about Hedy Lamarr?
A.She was the most beautiful woman in the world at one time.
B.She was a naughty girl when she was young.
C.She was gracefully beautiful as well as scientifically intellectual.
D.She decide to quit her acting career after World War II broke out.
2.What was the main reason for Lamarr to invent spread spectrum?
A.She was no longer a popular actress.
B.She wanted to make some contribution to the Allies' war efforts.
C.She was out of condition and couldn’t continue her acting career.
D.Her friend Antheil asked her to do so.
3.When did Lamarr’s patent come into use ?
A.During World War II B.In 1942
C.In the 1960s D.In recent years
4.Why did the author write the text?
A.To remember a great inventor. B.To introduce an invention.
C.To encourage women to invent. D.To stress the importance of Lamarr’s invention.
高三英语阅读选择中等难度题查看答案及解析
Every day is Earth Day — probably you’ve heard it before. Nearly all Americans have access to a plastic recycling program. You may be surprised to learn how many types of plastic packaging can be recycled into new, useful products!
Ford Motor Company has been helping to promote the use of environmentally-friendly auto parts — and one way they’re doing that is by using recycled plastic bottles for underbody shields (底盘保护罩) and other auto parts on cars.
“The underbody shield is a large part, and for a part that big, if we use solid plastic, it would likely weigh three times as much,” said Thomas Sweder, a design engineer of Ford Motor Company. “We look for the most durable and highest performing materials to work with to make our parts, and in this case, we are also creating many environmental benefits.”
In the past decade, the global use of plastics in vehicle parts has grown quickly. Ford alone uses about 1.2 billion recycled plastic bottles per year, about 250 bottles per vehicle on average.
When plastic bottles are thrown into a recycling bin, they are collected with thousands of others and cut into small pieces. These pieces are typically sold to suppliers who turn them into fibers, by melting and pressing them. Then they are mixed together with other various types of fiber in a process and used to make a sheet of material which is formed into the auto parts.
Due to its light weight, recycled plastic is ideal for the manufacturing of underbody shields. These shields reportedly also help create a significantly quieter environment on the new 2020 Ford Escape.
This is not the only way that Ford has been committed to environmental protection; the automotive company recently partnered with McDonald’s coffee suppliers to recycle all of their coffee roasting biowaste into headlights.
“Ford is among the leaders when it comes to using recycled materials such as this,” Sweder said. “This material meets all of our requirements for durability and performance.”
1.Why does Ford choose recycled plastic as environmentally-friendly materials?
A.Because it’s new and useful. B.Because it’s durable and light.
C.Because it’s cheap and easy to get. D.Because it’s portable and well-performed.
2.What does Paragraph 5 mainly talk about?
A.The global use of plastics. B.The mixing process of fibers.
C.The advantages of plastic bottles. D.The formation of the new auto material.
3.What does the underlined word “This” in Paragraph 7 refer to?
A.Recycling coffee roasting biowaste. B.Improving vehicle parts.
C.Recycling plastic bottles into auto parts. D.Creating a quieter environment.
4.What can be the best title of the passage?
A.Ford Takes the Lead in Plastic Recycling.
B.Every Day is Earth Day.
C.Ecological Auto Underbody Shields.
D.A Pioneer in Promoting Environmental Protection.
高三英语阅读选择中等难度题查看答案及解析
If American waterways had ever been voted on the yearbook,the Buffalo River could easily have been named Ugliest.It could be hard to find hope there.It took decades for public perception of the river to shift.But activist citizens,who collaborated with industry,government,and environ-ment~groups.never gave up on their polluted river—the Buffalo River gradually went from being considered a lost cause to a place worth fighring for.And by now the cleaned—up water is one of Buffalo’S biggest attractions.
By the 1960s,the river was seen as one of the worst sources of pollution pouring into the Great Lakes.The Buffalo River had caught fire many times.The surface had an oily layer,and any fish caught there were not eatable.
The waterway’s fate started shifting in the mid-1960s.Stanley Spisiak was a local Polish—American jeweler by day,but by evening he was the kind of guy who’d chase down dumpers(垃圾车)he spotted on the Buffalo River.By 1966 he found himself winning the National Wildlife Federation’s“Water Conservationist of the Year”award.And before long he got a nickname:“Mr.Buffalo River.”But there was only so much he could do—the river was still declared biologically dead in 1969.
Jill Spisiak Jedlicka is his great-grandniece.She picks up where he left off by directing the river’s protector organization,Buffalo Niagara Waterkeeper.Professor Schneekloth and seven friends founded the organization as an all-volunteer nonprofit in 1989,after organizing the first river cleanup that year.Today the group employs 27 full-time workers and has helped oversee the Buffalo River’s $100 million restoration.
So far,the Buffalo River’s water quality has restored,but it is still an ongoing issue,as sewage(污水)can overflow into the river after storms.Habitat restoration continues as well;fish and plantings are still being sampled to measure how well it’s gone.
1.What did the Buffalo River use to be?
A. A waterway on the yearbook. B. A river heavily polluted.
C. A great attraction of Buffalo’s. D. A place worth fighting for.
2.Why was Mr.Spisiak named“Mr.Buffalo River”?
A. Because his fate shifted in the 1 960s.
B. Because he spotted dumpers on the River.
C. Because he spared no efforts to protect the river.
D. Because the river was declared biologically dead.
3.How long did it take for the fiver to restore?
A. More than half a century. B. Just four decades.
C. About 30 years. D. Only 27 years.
4.What can be a suitable title for this text?
A. The restoration of the Buffalo River B. Stanley Spisiak:The“Mr.Buffalo River”
C. The future of the Buffalo River D. River protection:A long way to go
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
Since its invention 100 years ago, plastic , the superstar of the technological age, has become ugly and ungreen . But that’s about to change. An exhibition at London’s Science Museum this week could put it back on the cutting edge of science.
Have you ever hesitated in donating blood? The invention of “plastic blood” might make you feel better.
British scientists are working on the artificial blood as a replacement for real blood in emergency situations. It is made of plastic molecules(分子 ) and can join oxygen and transport it around the body. As a red, honey-like glue , plastic blood can be carried around conveniently . You just add water to make as much blood as you need.
The cells of our body are strict about what molecules the let in and out . For example , if we inject protein or DNA directly into the body, our immune ( 免疫 ) SYSTEM WILL DESTROY IT BEFORE IT REACHES THE CELLS.
To get around this , a British scientist has created drug-carrying plastic balls that fool the body into thinking they are natural. Once inside the cell, their contents are spread out through a small controlled explosion.
Skin transplants are widely done these days. But removing a piece of skin from, say , the bottom to plant it on the face can hurt and be troublesome.
The British company, Celltran, is working on plastic skin. Using plastic, they plan to take a small piece of the patient’s skin and grow it into an extra lay of skin on top of the plastic. a
The plastic feels similar to skin, so skin cells like to grow on it. The plastic then gradually disappears, without any reaction or infection .
1. What would be the best title for the text?
A. The superstar of technological age
B. An exhibition at London’s Science Museum
C. No more “white pollution”
D. Plastic takes on a new life
2. Which of the following will be on display at the exhibition at London’s Science Museum?
A. Plastic cells B. Plastic skin
C. Plastic molecules D. Plastic transplants
3. The phrase “get around “ in Paragraph 5 means closest to ______.
A. overcome B. end C. ensure D. pass
4.Which of the following is true according to the text?
A. Plastic blood will be injected into the body in drug-carrying plastic balls
B.The plastic skin will remain a part of the new skin
C. Plastic blood will take the place of real blood
D. Plastic blood contains a lot of water
高三英语阅读理解简单题查看答案及解析
I would have met him ______ to the cinema last night.
A.have I been | B.had I been | C.if I am | D.if I have been |
高三英语单项填空困难题查看答案及解析