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【改编】Australian scientists say an organic compound used by Indian women to paint dots or bindi on their foreheads could hold the key to a breakthrough in cancer treatment. Rose Bengal (玫瑰红)was first used in the early 1900s as a dye for food, textiles and cosmetics. But now it is proving to be a useful weapon in the fight against skin cancer.
Television advertisements constantly warn of the dangers of overexposure to the fierce sun. Among them is the possibility of the disease melanoma(黑瘤), a type of skin cancer. More than 1,200 Australians die every year from the disease.
Initial trials of a solution of Rose Bengal injected into some melanoma cells have had a 75 percent success rate in controlling the disease. Professor John Thompson, the director of the Melanoma Unit at the University of Sydney, says this organic dye could become a powerful cancer-fighting treatment.
“We believe it works by getting into the tumor(肿块) cells and causing them to self-destruct. But the exact mechanism by which it works is not totally clear. It’s not useful for people who have a primary melanoma. The treatment of primary melanoma is surgical excision(切除),”he said. “It’s useful to inject tumors for people who have recurrences; when the primary treatment has failed and when recurrence in the area, or at more distant sites has occurred.”
About 90 percent of Australians who develop melanoma survive thanks to early diagnosis and treatment. If left untreated, however, the disease can be fatal.
Convincing younger people in Australia about the dangers of overexposure to the sun is a battle campaigners are constantly waging.
Veronica Manock, a 21-year-old student, had two major operations to remove a cancerous tumor from her leg.
“I’ve had a lot of friends who just said ‘I thought it was just, you know, I’ll get a mole(痣) cut out and that’s it’, whereas I don’t think people realize how much danger they’re putting themselves into and how easy it is to stop something like this happening to you just from doing little things,”said Marock.
Other researchers in Australia are investigating genetic treatments to skin cancer. There is a pressing need for such research to produce effective treatments. Australians, the majority of whom are fair-skinned(浅肤色的), are four times more likely to develop a melanoma than people in Canada, the United States or Great Britain.
1.Which can be the best title of the passage?
A. Rose Bengal —the cause of skin cancer.
B. Rose Bengal —a tool to fight against skin cancer.
C. Skin cancer—the first killer.
D. Melanoma—the threat to health.
2.What does the underlined word “fatal” mean?
A. Curable. B. Serious. C. Deadly. D. Self-healing.
3.From what Veronica Manock said , we can know _______.
A. people haven’t realized overexposure to the sun is dangerous
B. mole on the leg is dangerous.
C. people can do nothing to protect themselves from melanoma
D. nothing can be done to deal with the disease.
4.Who are likely to develop a melanoma?
A. Englishmen. B. Canadians.
C. Americans. D. Australians.
5.In which section of a newspaper does the passage possibly appear?
A. Economy. B. Agriculture. C. Health. D. Fashion.
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
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Australian scientists say an organic compound(复合物) used by Indian women to paint dots or bindi on their foreheads could hold the key to a breakthrough in cancer treatment. Rose Bengal was first used in the early 1900s as a dye for food, textiles and cosmetics. But now it is proving to be a useful weapon in the fight against skin cancer.
Television advertisements constantly warn of the dangers of overexposure to the fierce sun. Among them is the possibility of the disease melanoma(黑瘤), a type of skin cancer. More than 1,200 Australians die every year from the disease.
Initial trials of a solution of Rose Bengal injected into some melanoma cells have had a 75 percent success rate in controlling the disease. Professor John Thompson, the director of the Melanoma Unit at the University of Sydney, says this organic dye could become a powerful cancer-fighting treatment.
“We believe it works by getting into the tumor(肿块) cells and causing them to self-destruct. But the exact mechanism by which it works is not totally clear. It’s not useful for people who have a primary melanoma. The treatment of primary melanoma is surgical excision(切除),”he said. “It’s useful to inject tumors for people who have recurrences; when the primary treatment has failed and when recurrence in the area, or at more distant sites has occurred.”
About 90 percent of Australians who develop melanoma survive thanks to early diagnosis and treatment. If left untreated, however, the disease can be fatal.
Convincing younger people in Australia about the dangers of overexposure to the sun is a battle campaigners are constantly waging.
Veronica Manock, a 21-year-old student, had two major operations to remove a cancerous tumor from her leg.
“I’ve had a lot of friends who just said ‘I thought it was just, you know, I’ll get a mole(痣) cut out and that’s it’, whereas I don’t think people realize how much danger they’re putting themselves into and how easy it is to stop something like this happening to you just from doing little things,”said Marock.
Other researchers in Australia are investigating genetic treatments to skin cancer. There is a pressing need for such research to produce effective treatments. Australians, the majority of whom are fair-skinned(浅肤色的), are four times more likely to develop a melanoma than people in Canada, the United States or Great Britain.
1.The information about Rose Bengal is wrong EXCEPT that .
A. it is no longer used as a dye
B. it is used to cure skin cancer
C. it is a special kind of rose planted in Australia
D. it can be effective in treating skin cancer
2.The main reason for Australia’s high rate in skin cancer is .
A. the overuse of cosmetics
B. overexposure to the sun
C. the color of their skin
D. the lack of prevention
3.From the passage we can learn that .
A. skin cancer is incurable
B. some young people seem to know little about the danger of overexposure to the sun
C. about ninety percent of Australians are likely to develop melanoma
D. all moles should be cut out to prevent skin cancer
4.According to Professor John Thompson, the best way to deal with primary cancer is .
A. injecting tumors
B. taking some medicine
C. getting genetic treatment
D. having surgical excision
5.The passage was intended for .
A. general readers
B. people who like taking sun-bathing
C. doctors and researchers
D. children at school
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
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Electrical devices(仪器)could soon use power made by human energy. Scientists say they have developed an experimental device that produces electricity from the physical movement of a person walking , British scientist Max Donelan and other scientists in Canada and the United States developed the device.
The device connects to a person’s knee. As the person walks ,the device captures energy each time the person slows down. To do this ,the device helps with the slowing sown movement of the leg, the movements of the walking person push parts of a small machine that produces electricity. Using the device, an adult walking quickly could produce thirteen watts of electricity in just a minute. Donelan says walking at that speed could produce enough power to operate a laptop computer for six minutes.
There are several possible uses for the device. Developers say it could help people who work in areas without electricity to operate small computers. The device could also he used in hospitals to operate heart pacemakers(起博器), it could even be used to assist in the movement of robotic arms and legs.
The experimental version of the device weighs about one and a half kilograms, but it is too costly for most people to buy, but the researchers hope to make a lighter, less costly version, An improved version should be ready in one year.
The developers hope the device will one day help developing countries; nearly twenty five percent of people around the world live without electric power.
A similar product was invented in 2005 by Larry Rome of the University of Pennsylvania, He created a bag carried on a person’s back that also produces power from walking. The knee device does not produce as much electricity as the bag, but the bag requires the walker to carry a load of twenty to thirty kilograms.
1.. The second paragraph mainly talks about
A. who developed the device B. how the device works
C. several possible uses for the devices D. how much electricity the device can produce
2.. What is the disadvantage of the experimental version of the device?
A. It is too heavy for the walker to bear B. It is too complex for people to use
C. It is too expensive for most people to afford D. It will slow down one’s walking speed
3.. Compared with the device designed by Larry Rome, this new device________
A. produces power without adding more loads to the walker
B. can produce more power in a much shorter time
C. needs to be equipped with a battery
D. can help the walker walk faster
4.. From the passage, we can learn that the electrical device can________
A. help housewives operate the washing machine
B. make it much easier for us to go online
C. produce more electricity than that invented by Larry Rome
D. be applied in medical fields to operate heart pacemakers
5.. What would be the best title for the passage
A. First device powered by walking will soon be on the market
B. Advanced technology brings in a new way to operate heart pacemakers
C. Device gives new meaning to the idea of power walking
D Human energy will become a main source of electricity
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
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Electrical devices(仪器) could soon use power made by human energy. Scientists say they have developed an experimental device that produces electricity from the physical movement of a person walking. British scientist Max Donelan and other scientists in Canada and the United States developed the device.
The device connects to a person’s knee. As the person walks, the device captures energy each time the person slows down. To do this, the device helps with the slowing down movement of the leg. The movements of the walking person push parts of a small machine that produces electricity. Using the device, an adult walking quickly could produce thirteen watts of electricity in just a minute. Donelan says walking at that speed could produce enough power to operate a laptop computer for six minutes.
There are several possible uses for the device. Developers say it could help people who work in areas without electricity to operate small computers. The device could also be used in hospitals to operate heart pacemakers(起搏器). It could even be used to assist in the movement of robotic arms and legs.
The experimental version of the device weighs about one and a half kilograms, but it is too costly for most people to buy. But the researchers hope to make a lighter, less costly version. An improved version shou1d be ready in one year.
The developers hope the device will one day help developing countries. Near1y twenty five percent of people around the world live without electric power.
A similar product was invented in 2005 by Larry Rome of the University of Pennsylvania. He created a bag carried on a person’s back that also produces power from wa1king.
The knee device does not produce as much electricity as the bag. But the bag requires the walker to carry a load of twenty to thirty kilograms.
1.The second paragraph mainly talks about .
A. who developed the device
B. how the device works
C. several possible uses for the devices
D. how much electricity the device can produce
2.Compared with the device designed by Larry Rome, this new device .
A. produces power without adding more loads to the walker
B. can produce more power in a much shorter time
C. needs to be equipped with a battery
D. can help the walker wa1k faster
3.From the passage, we can learn that the electrical device can .
A. help housewives operate the washing machine
B. make it much easier for us to go online
C. produce more electricity than that invented by Larry Rome
D. be applied in medicine to operate heart pacemakers
4.What would be the best title for the passage?
A. First device powered by walking wi1l soon be on the market
B. Advanced technology brings in a new way to operate heart pacemakers
C. Device gives new meaning to the idea of power walking
D. Human energy will become a main source of electricity
高三英语阅读理解困难题查看答案及解析
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SYDNEY —Australian scientists have designed a system which uses microwaves to break down plastic into an environmentally friendly by-product.
Head of Electrical Engineering at Australia’s James Cook University, Prof. Mohan Jacob revealed on Thursday that by using microwaves, plastic waste can be converted into biochar(生物炭), charcoal that can be used as a soil conditioner.
“We are developing a processing room, which could process many kinds of plastic materials, up to 5 kilograms of waste,” Jacob said. “It will be a typical example system for the development of biochars from different types of plastics under various conditions.” Jacob explained that microwave energy is used to heat the plastic waste above 600 degrees centigrade within the custom-made room, where it ends up as a biochar, which can then be used to improve the properties of soil.
Currently underway is step one of the project, testing the room, after which, step two will involve improving the energy efficiency of the system and maximizing the yield of by-products. If all goes to plan, step three will be to construct a medium scale waste processing system which is customizable and can be installed remotely.
Jacob said that with the average person using 130 kg of plastic every year, there is an urgent need for developing better ways of processing it.
“Perhaps contrary to popular opinion, plastic is an indispensable material in modern life. It is cheap, competent, lightweight, and has many benefits like maintaining food quality and safety and preventing waste,” he said.
However, “abandoned plastics endanger our marine wildlife, and have begun to enter the food chain. There is an urgent need for developing technologies to recover plastic waste.”
1.How does the system function?
A.Microwaves are used to produce plastic.
B.Plastic waste is heated in the microwaves.
C.Plastic waste is cut into pieces and buried into the soil.
D.Microwaves change plastic waste into biochar by heating.
2.Which statement is true according to Jacob?
A.Plastic consumption now is acceptable.
B.Plastic should be abandoned in our life.
C.The system of processing plastic has come into use.
D.Finding better ways to deal with plastic waste is urgent.
3.What does “recover” in the last paragraph mean?
A.Make up for a loss in time.
B.Find or regain lost possession.
C.Extract or recycle an energy source for reuse.
D.Return to a normal state of health, mind or strength.
4.What does the passage mainly tell about?
A.3 steps of processing plastic waste.
B.A way of producing plastic products easily.
C.A new system of breaking down plastic waste.
D.A program designed for plastic use in the daily life.
高三英语阅读理解困难题查看答案及解析
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Some scientists say that animals in the oceans are increasingly threatened by noise pollution caused by human beings.
The noise that affects sea creatures comes from a number of human activities. It is caused mainly by industrial underwater explosions, ocean drilling, and ship engines. Such noises are added to natural sounds. These sounds include the breaking of ice fields, underwater earthquakes, and sounds made by animals themselves.
Decibels (分贝) measured in water are different from those measured on land. A noise of one hundred and twenty decibels on land causes pain to human ears. In water, a decibel level of one hundred and ninety－five would have the same effect.
Some scientists have suggested setting a noise limit of one hundred and twenty decibels in the oceans. They have observed that noises at that level can frighten and confuse whales(鲸鱼).
A team of American and Canadian scientists discovered that louder noises can seriously injure some animals.
The research team found that powerful underwater explosions were causing whales in the area to lose their hearing. This seriously affected the whales' ability to exchange information and find their way. Some of the whales even died. The explosions had caused their ears to bleed and become infected.
Many researchers whose work depends on ocean sounds are against a limit of one hundred and twenty decibels. They say such a limit would mean an end to important industrial and scientific research.
Scientists do not know how much and what kinds of noises are harmful to ocean animals. However, many scientists don't think that noise is a greater danger than they believed. They want to prevent noises from harming creatures in the ocean.
1.According to the passage, natural sounds include all of the following EXCEPT________.
A．sounds made by animals themselves
B．ocean drilling
C．underwater earthquakes
D．the breaking of ice fields
2.Which of the following is true of whales？
A．They won't be confused by noises.
B．They are deaf to noises.
C．Their ability to reproduce will be lowered by highlevel noises.
D．Their hearing will be damaged by highlevel noises.
3.According to the passage, what will scientists most probably do in the future?
A．They will work hard to reduce ocean noise pollution.
B．They will protect sea animals from harmful noises.
C．They will try to set a limit of 120 decibels.
D．They will study the effect of ocean noise pollution.
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
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Some scientists say that animals in the oceans are increasingly threatened by noise pollution caused by human beings.
The noise that affects sea creatures comes from a number of human activities. It is caused mainly by industrial underwater explosions, ocean drilling, and ship engines. Such noises are added to natural sounds. These sounds include the breaking of ice fields, underwater earthquakes, and sounds made by animals themselves.
Decibels (分贝) measured in water are different from those measured on land. A noise of one hundred and twenty decibels on land causes pain to human ears. In water, a decibel level of one hundred and ninety－five would have the same effect.
Some scientists have suggested setting a noise limit of one hundred and twenty decibels in the oceans. They have observed that noises at that level can frighten and confuse whales（鲸鱼）.
A team of American and Canadian scientists discovered that louder noises can seriously injure some animals.
The research team found that powerful underwater explosions were causing whales in the area to lose their hearing. This seriously affected the whales' ability to exchange information and find their way. Some of the whales even died. The explosions had caused their ears to bleed and become infected(被感染的).
Many researchers whose work depends on ocean sounds are against a limit of one hundred and twenty decibels. They say such a limit would mean an end to important industrial and scientific research.
Scientists do not know how much and what kinds of noises are harmful to ocean animals. However, many scientists don’t think that noise is a greater danger than they believed. They want to prevent noises from harming creatures in the ocean.
1.According to the passage, which of the following is increasingly dangerous to sea creatures?
A. The sound of cars. B. The sound of voices.
C. Man-made noise pollution. D. The sound of steps.
2.According to the passage, natural sounds include all of the following EXCEPT________.
A. sounds made by animals themselves B. ocean drilling
C. underwater earthquakes D. the breaking of ice fields
3.Which of the following is discussed in the third paragraph?
A. The same noise level produces a different effect on land and in the ocean.
B. Different places may have different types of noises.
C. The decibel is not a right unit (单位) for measuring underwater noise.
D. Different ocean animals may have different reactions to noises.
4.Which of the following is true of whales?
A. They won't be confused by noises.
B. They are deaf to noises.
C. Their ability to reproduce will be lowered by high-level noises.
D. Their hearing will be damaged by high-level noises.
5.According to the passage, what will scientists most probably do in the future?
A. They will work hard to reduce ocean noise pollution.
B. They will protect animals from harmful noises.
C. They will try to set a limit of 120 decibels.
D. They will study the effect of ocean noise pollution.
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
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Some scientists say that animals in the oceans are increasingly threatened by noise pollution caused by human beings.
The noise that affects sea creatures comes from a number of human activities. It is caused mainly by industrial underwater explosions, ocean drilling, and ship engines. Such noises are added to natural sounds. These sounds include the breaking of ice fields, underwater earthquakes, and sounds made by animals themselves.
Decibels（分贝）measured in water are different from those measured on land. A noise of one hundred and twenty decibels on land causes pain to human ears. In water, a decibel level of one hundred and ninety-five would have the same effect.
Some scientists have proposed setting a noise limit of one hundred and twenty decibels in oceans. They have observed that noises at that level can frighten and confuse whales.
A team of American and Canadian scientists discovered that louder noises can seriously injure some animals. The research team found that powerful underwater explosions were causing whales in the area to lose their hearing. This seriously affected the whales' ability to exchange information and find their way. Some of the whales even died. The explosions had caused their ears to bleed and become infected.
Many researchers whose work depends on ocean sounds object to a limit of one hundred and twenty decibels. They say such a limit would mean an end to important industrial and scientific research.
Scientists do not know how much and what kinds of noises are harmful to ocean animals. However, many scientists suspect that noise is a greater danger than they believed. They want to prevent noises from harming creatures in the ocean.
1. According to the passage, which of the following is increasingly dangerous to sea creatures?
A. The man-made noises. B. The noises made by themselves.
C. The sound of earthquakes. D. The sound of the ice-breaking.
2. Which of the following is discussed in the third paragraph?
A. Different places with different types of noises.
B. The very human ears sensitive to all types of noises.
C. The ocean animals' reaction to noises.
D. The same noise measured differently on land and in the ocean.
3.We can know from the passage that many researchers think that the noise limit of one hundred twenty decibels would _____.
A. prevent them from doing their research work
B. benefit them a lot in their research work
C. do good to their health
D. increase the industrial output
4. According to the passage, what will scientists most probably do in the future?
A. They will try their best to decrease noise.
B. They will work hard to cut down noise pollution.
C. They will study the effect of different noises.
D. They will protect animals from harmful noises.
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
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Some scientists say that animals in the oceans are increasingly threatened by noise pollution caused by human beings.
The noise that affects sea creatures comes from a number of human activities. It is caused mainly by industrial underwater explosions, ocean drilling, and ship engines. Such noises are added to natural sounds. These sounds include the breaking of ice fields, underwater earthquakes, and sounds made by animals themselves.
Decibels (分贝) measured in water are different from those measured on land. A noise of one hundred and twenty decibels on land causes pain to human ears. In water, a decibel level of one hundred and ninety－five would have the same effect.
Some scientists have suggested setting a noise limit of one hundred and twenty decibels in the oceans. They have observed that noises at that level can frighten and confuse whales（鲸鱼）.
A team of American and Canadian scientists discovered that louder noises can seriously injure some animals.
The research team found that powerful underwater explosions were causing whales in the area to lose their hearing. This seriously affected the whales' ability to exchange information and find their way. Some of the whales even died. The explosions had caused their ears to bleed and become infected(被感染的).
Many researchers whose work depends on ocean sounds are against a limit of one hundred and twenty decibels. They say such a limit would mean an end to important industrial and scientific research.
Scientists do not know how much and what kinds of noises are harmful to ocean animals. However, many scientists don’t think that noise is a greater danger than they believed. They want to prevent noises from harming creatures in the ocean.
1.According to the passage, which of the following is increasingly dangerous to sea creatures?
A. The sound of cars.
B. The sound of voices.
C. Man-made noise pollution.
D. The sound of steps.
2.According to the passage, natural sounds include all of the following EXCEPT________.
A. sounds made by animals themselves B. ocean drilling
C. underwater earthquakes D. the breaking of ice fields
3.Which of the following is discussed in the third paragraph?
A. The same noise level produces a different effect on land and in the ocean.
B. Different places may have different types of noises.
C. The decibel is not a right unit (单位) for measuring underwater noise.
D. Different ocean animals may have different reactions to noises.
4. Which of the following is true of whales?
A. They won't be confused by noises.
B. They are deaf to noises.
C. Their ability to reproduce will be lowered by high-level noises.
D. Their hearing will be damaged by high-level noises.
5.According to the passage, what will scientists most probably do in the future?
A. They will work hard to reduce ocean noise pollution.
B. They will protect animals from harmful noises.
C. They will try to set a limit of 120 decibels.
D. They will study the effect of ocean noise pollution.
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
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In an effort to discourage people from using plastics，scientists have been hard at work inventing alternative packaging products．From water bottles made from seaweed to cutlery(餐具) made from rice and wheat，a number of inventions are set to change the way we eat while we are on the go，or having a relaxing picnic in the park．
The idea of using seaweed to make eco-friendly(环保的) water bottles has been around for a few years．Recently，Ari Jonsson took his invention—a water bottle made from red seaweed—to show off at a festival. The bottles will only hold their shape as long as they are filled．As soon as these bottles are empty they will begin to break down，though they would be perfectly safe to eat．Ari Jonsson’s bottles are a step closer to a widely used alternative to the current plastic ones．The eatable water container is not the only product to add to our image of the future．Narayana Pessapaty has also created eatable spoons．After the success of his spoons, Mr Pessapaty is ready to expand and introduce forks and chopsticks to his menu．His aim is to largely reduce the amount of plastic waste，which is a huge problem for waste sites all over the world．It is a product that may take up to 500 years to break down，and recycling companies worldwide are struggling to deal with it．
Aside from the obvious benefits to the environment，this new packaging is also cheap to produce and therefore cheap to buy．Even better is the fact that similar eatable cutlery can be made at home，possibly a science project for children or just fun with friends．Why not get experimenting and create your own recipes?
1.Why do scientists invent alternative packaging products?
A. To make people’s life more convenient．
B. To reduce the amount of plastic waste．
C. To charge the way we picnic outside．
D. To show off their inventive talents．
2.What makes Ari Jonsson’s water bottles eco-friendly?
A. They can be made at home．
B. They are cheap to produce and buy．
C. They will hold their shape when they are filled．
D. They will break down themselves when empty．
3.What do Ari and Narayana’s inventions have in common?
A. They are convenient to carry． B. They are safe to eat．
C. They can be used for a short time． D. They are heavier than plastics．
4.What can be inferred from this passage?
A. Home-made eatable cutlery is likely to be popular．
B. Eatable cutlery’will completely replace plastics in the near future．
C. No recycling companies can breakdown plastic waste．
D. It’s unsafe for individuals to invent eatable cutlery at home．
高三英语阅读理解困难题查看答案及解析