Scientists have discovered amazing evidence showing how the human body rebuilds _______ while we sleep.
A. us B. ourselves C. it D. itself
高三英语单项填空中等难度题
Scientists have discovered amazing evidence showing how the human body rebuilds _______ while we sleep.
A. us B. ourselves C. it D. itself
高三英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析
Global warming could make humans shorter. Scientists claim to have found evidence that it caused the world's first horses 1. （shrink） nearly 50 million years ago. In fact,a team from the universities of Florida and Nebreaks says 2. has found a link between the Earth heating up and the size of mammals-homes，during the last time the world heated up. The scientists used fossils to follow the evolution of homes from their earliest 3. （appear) 56 million years ago. As temperatures went up．their size went 4. . The scientists say that the current warming could have the same effect 5. mammals and could even make humans 6. （small）．“Horses started out small，about the size of a small dog. What's 7. （surprise）is that after they first appeared，they then became even smaller and then dramatically increased in size, and that8.（exact）corresponds to the global warming event, followed by cooling.”"It had been known that mammals 9. small during the last warm time， 10. we hadn't realized that temperature specifically was driving the evolution of body size”Dr. Bloch said in the "Science”journal.
高三英语语法填空简单题查看答案及解析
NASA scientists have found evidence of flowing water on Mars. This opens up the possibility of___ and wonders we can’t begin to imagine. The____undoubtedly is an astonishing achievement.
We may be excited by the thought of living things on another ______, but we seem to have lost _______in our own. In the past four decades, the world has____50% of its vertebrate( 脊 椎 )wildlife. But across the latter half of this period, there has been a steep___ in media coverage (报道)of the subject.
Think of what would change if we valued_____ on the earth as much as we value the possibility water on Mars._____ 3% of the water on this planet is fresh and of that, two-thirds is frozen. Yet we lay waste to the ___part. Sixty percent of the water used in farming is____by careless irrigation. Rivers, lakes and aquifers ( 地 下 蓄 水 层 )are sucked dry, while what remains is often so bad that it____the lives of those who drink it. As for salty water, which so______us when apparently detected on Mars, however, on Earth, we express our___ by destroying it. A new report suggests fish numbers have halved since 1970. Coral reefs are under such___ that most could be gone by 2050.
A couple of weeks ago, I launched a column focusing on extreme consumption, and___ suggestions. They have flooded in. Here are just a few of the _____:wigs(假发)for babies, to allow “baby girls with little or no ___at all the opportunity to have a beautifully realistic hair style”; The iPotty, which _____little children to keep playing while toilet training; a smartphone for dogs to take pictures of themselves....
As clever new ways of wasting stuff are continually___ , we become more and more used to the___ consumption of the world’s precious resources. Isn’t it time for us to have second thoughts about our lifestyle?
1.A.peace B.trust C.life D.danger
2.A.appearance B.discovery C.performance D.operation
3.A.planet B.stage C.level D.island
4.A.courage B.hope C.pride D.interest
5.A.spread B.lost C.ignored D.found
6.A.climb B.turn C.increase D.decline
7.A.water B.plants C.animals D.air
8.A.Often B.Only C.Even D.Last
9.A.private B.public C.unclear D.accessible
10.A.checked B.chosen C.wasted D.polluted
11.A.saves B.threatens C.enriches D.changes
12.A.interests B.satisfies C.frightens D.terrifies
13.A.complaint B.doubt C.appreciation D.surprise
14.A.pressure B.control C.guidance D.attention
15.A.made B.considered C.invited D.followed
16.A.benefits B.reasons C.features D.products
17.A.time B.hair C.help D.knowledge
18.A.allows B.promises C.persuades D.advises
19.A.criticized B.reported C.replaced D.created
20.A.expensive B.limited C.pointless D.stable
高三英语完形填空中等难度题查看答案及解析
(2013·浙江温州二模)Scientists have found evidence ________ global warming caused the world's first horses to become smaller nearly 50 million years ago.
A．what B．that
C．which D．whether
高三英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析
Scientists have obtained more evidence ________ plastic is finding its way into the human body.
A.what B.that C.which D.where
高三英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析
SCIENTISTS have discovered that living to the age of 100 may have nothing to do with the lifestyle you lead and everything to do with the type of genes (基因) you have.
For the lucky carriers of “Methuselah” genes, worries over smoking, eating unhealthily and not getting enough exercise may not be as necessary as to those of us without the special gene pattern .
The “Methuselah” genes could give extra protection against the diseases of old age such as cancer and heart disease. They could also protect people against the effects of the unhealthy lifestyles that we believe will lead us to an early death, scientists say. However, the genes are very rare.
The genes include ADIPOQ, which is found in about 10 percent of young people but in nearly 30 percent of people living past 100. They also include the CETP and the ApoC3 genes, which are found in 10 percent of young people, but in about 20 percent of people over 100 years old.
Some of those genes were discovered by a research group at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine in New York, led by Professor Nir Barzilai. The team studied the genes of over 500 people over 100 years old, and their children.
The studies show that tiny mutations (变异) in the make-up of some genes can greatly increase a person’s lifespan. Barzilai told a Royal Society conference that the discovery of such genes gave scientists clear targets for developing drugs that could prevent age-related diseases, allow people to live longer and stay healthy.
David Gems, a researcher at University College London, believes that drugs to slow ageing will become widespread.
“If we know which genes control longevity (长寿) then we can … target them with drugs. That makes it possible to slow down ageing,” he told The Times.
“Much of the pain and suffering in the world are caused by ageing. If we can find a way to reduce that, then we are obliged to take it.”
1. According to the article, which of the following is the most important if a person is to live to the age of 100?
A. Eating healthy food every day.
B. Having the right types of genes.
C. Having a healthy lifestyle.
D. Taking drugs that prevent ageing.
2.According to the article, the ApoC3 gene is found in ______ of people over 100 years old.
A. 10% B. 20% C. 30% D. 50%
3.Which of the following statements is TRUE of the research led by Professor Nir Barzilai?
A. The team studied the genes of over 100 people over 100 years of age.
B. The researchers found that mutations in certain genes lead to longer life.
C. The researchers found ways to develop drugs that could cure age-related diseases.
D. The study suggested that most people have genes that could lengthen their lives.
4. According to David Gems, ______.
A. drugs to slow ageing will be very expensive
B. modern science will be able to find more longevity genes
C. it is the duty of medical scientists to fight the problems of ageing
D. scientists can make new genes that will allow longer life
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
Scientists have discovered that living to the age of 100 may have nothing to do with the lifestyle you lead and everything to do with the type of genes you have.
For the lucky carriers of “Methuselah” genes， worries over smoking， eating unhealthily and not getting enough exercise may not be as necessary as to those of us without the special gene pattern. The “Methuselah” genes could give extra protection against the diseases of old age such as cancer and heart disease. They could also protect people against the effects of the unhealthy lifestyles that we believe will lead us to an early death， scientists say. However， the genes are very rare.
The genes include ADIPOQ， which is found in about 10 percent of young people but in nearly 30 percent of people living past 100. They also include the CETP and the ApoC3 genes， which are found in 10 percent of young people， but in about 20 percent of people over 100 years old.
Some of those genes were discovered by a research group at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine in New York， led by Professor Nir Barzilai. The team studied the genes of over 500 people over 100 years old， and their children.
The studies show that tiny mutations (变异) in the make-up of some genes can greatly increase a person’s lifespan. Barzilai told a Royal Society conference that the discovery of such genes gave scientists clear targets for developing drugs that could prevent age-related diseases， allow people to live longer and stay healthy.
David Gems， a researcher at University College London， believes that drugs to slow ageing will become widespread.
“If we know which genes control longevity (长寿) then we can... target them with drugs. That makes it possible to slow down ageing，” he told The Times.
“Much of the pain and suffering in the world are caused by ageing. If we can find a way to reduce that， then we are obliged to take it.”
1.Which genes could give extra protection against the diseases of old age？ (No more than 3 words) (2 marks)
__________________________________________________________________________
2. Whom did Barzilai’s team study？ (No more than 10 words) (2 marks)
__________________________________________________________________________
3. What can greatly increase a person’s lifespan？ (No more than 10 words) (3 marks)
__________________________________________________________________________
4.What can scientists do if they are aware which genes control longevity？(No more than 6 words) (3 marks)
__________________________________________________________________________.
高三英语其他题中等难度题查看答案及解析
Scientists have discovered that 1. (stay) in the cold could help us lose weight. Researchers at the University of California found that exposure to the cold increases levels of a protein that helps form brown fat -- the type of fat that produces heat and keeps us warm. Brown fat burns energy, 2. helps us lose weight. White fat stores extra energy, which results 3. weight gain. The researchers said that because air conditioning and heating give us constant, 4. (comfort) temperatures, our body’s need for brown fat has decreased. They found that outdoor workers in northern Finland who 5. (expose) to cold temperature have 6. significant amount of brown fat when 7. (compare) to same-aged indoor workers.
The research was conducted on two different control groups of mice. 8. group was injected with the protein that helps create brown fat. This group later gained 30% less weight after both groups were fed high-fat diets. The researchers say this could be good news in the fight against obesity. People who are obese have 9. （low) levels of brown fat than thinner people. If you can somehow increase levels of this protein, you could 10. (possible) lose more weight even if eating the same amount of food.
高三英语信息匹配中等难度题查看答案及解析
Scientists have exactly discovered the set of brain cells involved in making risky decisions, and have been able to control them in rats using targeted light. By changing the activity of the cells they were able to change the behaviour of risk-taking rats to avoid risk, hinting the approach could in future be used to treat people with impulse (冲动) control problems.
Risk-taking is a key part of survival, knowing when to take a chance could pay off—such as moving to a new area to look for food when pickings are slim.
While all animals need an element of risk, the preference towards it varies between individuals. Researchers found this variation, which determines how risk-averse an individual is, is regulated by brain cells in a region of the brain called the nucleus accumbens. This cluster of neurons releases the neurotransmitter dopamine, which regulates the brain’s reward and pleasure centres.
Previous studies have shown that in patients with Parkinson’s disease, taking medication which blocks specific dopamine receptors (DR2) (受体) leads to increased gambling (赌博) behaviour and risk taking behaviour. In studies with rats, researchers were able to use a technique called optogenetics (光遗传学)—which uses light sensitive proteins to change the activity of cells—to modify cells with DR2 in the nucleus accumbens.
Rats were trained to choose one of two levers, offering them a choice between a “safe” or “risky” choice. The safe option resulted in a small, but consistent amount of a sugar water treat. But the risky choice consistently delivered smaller amounts of sugar water, with the occasional large pay off—essentially encouraging the animals to gamble for a bigger prize. Around two-thirds of the animals weren’t keen on risk, opting for the safe option, but the remaining third were risk-seekers. Brain scans of the animals showed that those with low levels of DR2 consistently went for the gamble.
But using pulses of light to stimulate (刺激) the DR2 cells and improve their activity could cause the risk-takers to play it safe and opt for the guaranteed but less rewarding option. Once the light-pulses stopped, the risk-takers returned to their gambling strategy.
In the risk-averse animals, stimulating the same cells had little to no effect.
Professor Karl Deisseroth, of Stanford University in California, said: “Humans and rats have similar brain structures involved.”And we found a drug known to increase risk preference in people had the same effect on the rats. So every indication is that these findings are relevant to humans. “Risky behavior has its moments where it’ s valuable. As a species, we wouldn’t have come as far as we have without it.”
1.The variation in people’s preference towards risks is directly regulated by ________.
A. nucleus accumbens B. light sensitive proteins
C. neurons D. dopamine
2.From the experiment with rats, we can conclude that ________.
A. the lack of DR2 cells results in a safe option
B. the levels of DR2 have little to do with their choices
C. the high levels of DR2 can make animals avoid risks
D. the risky choice is a less rewarding option
3.The underlined words in Paragraph 7 most likely mean the animals that are ________.
A. willing to take big risks
B. reluctant to take risks
C. fond of gambling strategy
D. afraid of receiving stimulation
4.What can be inferred from what Professor Karl Deisseroth said?
A. Humans and rats differ in their preference for risk-taking.
B. Too much risk-taking can do more harm than good.
C. Risk-taking can be used to treat people with impulse control problems.
D. Risk-taking is a means of survival and brings higher returns to humans.
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
Scientists have discovered why the Mona Lisa's expression looks so different to different people and at different times.
For centuries, art lovers and critics have been confused by and debated the Leonardo Da Vinci painting's gaze and slight smile.
But new research from the University of California, San Francisco has shed new light on the shining and seemingly changing face of the Mona Lisa.
Through experiments, they discovered that our emotions really do change how we see a neutral face.
Dr Erika Siegel and her colleagues study how our emotions change our perceptions of the world around us—even when we aren't aware that something has changed our feelings.
This relies on the modern theory of" the brain as a predictive organ, instead of a reactive one,” says Dr Siegel.
In other words, “we have a lifetime of experience and we use those experiences to predict what we are going to experience next.”
We all have one dominant eye and one more passive non-dominant one. If each eye is receiving different information, we only consciously perceive what dominant one sees. But non-dominant sights can still enter our subconscious.
They showed 43 people two sets of flashing images simultaneously, so that the dominant eye saw and registered neutral expressions, while the non-dominant eye “saw” flashes of neutral, or smiling faces, which they would only subconsciously be aware of.
After viewing the flashing faces, the researchers showed the participants options of faces and asked them to pick out which ones they had seen.
When their non-dominant eyes had seen a happy face, they were more likely to think the neutral face had actually been smiling, and the same was true for other expressions.
This means that “if you see the Mona Lisa after you have just had a screaming fight with your husband, you're going to see the painting differently,” says Dr Siegel.
“But if you're having the time of your life at the Louvre, you're going to see the mysterious smile,” she adds.
“We are the architects of our own experience. Our brain makes predictions about what it expects to see and uses information from the world to update its expectations,”Dr Siegel says.
1.What is the purpose of Dr Siegel's research?
A.To discover why people perceive the same thing differently.
B.To help appreciate the Mona Lisa.
C.To win a debate.
D.To tell a smiling face from a neutral face.
2.Which of the following is the closest in meaning to “shed new light” in Paragraph 3?
A.Made something bright. B.Provided new explanations.
C.Added light-colored paints. D.Increased amount of natural light.
3.Why did the researchers show the participants two sets of flashing images?
A.To play a game.
B.To pick out their dominant and non-dominant eyes.
C.To strengthen the effect of the non-dominant eyes.
D.To provide images of more expressions.
4.Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A.Effects of Emotions B.Seeing Is Believing
C.A Mysterious Research D.Is Mona Lisa Smiling?
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析