When you search Google or use Amazon, you mig...

When you search Google or use Amazon, you might assume the results you see are the same as those viewed by your friends, family and other Internet users. But you’d be wrong. Websites and social networks track your location and search history and make assumptions about your age, race, sex and political views. They then show ads they believe to be the most relevant, in order to maximize clicks, but personalize which results you see by eliminating what they think is irrelevant.

This is sold to the public as positive, making each web session relevant and interesting, yet it is leading researchers to fear this could widen divides between the North and South, rich and poor, and young and old. For example, in terms of wealth, if users are only ever shown particular products and job advertisements based on how much they earn or where they live, these users will never be given the opportunities to increase their wealth, or how much they spend on items.

Princeton University has created bots（自动程序）, each with their own fake profiles. These bots have different fake ages and sexes, earn different levels of money, are virtually(虚拟地) based in various locations around the world and have different interests. By using these bots to scan and research the web, the researchers hope to create a picture of not only what each of them sees, but also what sites they are missing out on.

According to lead researcher, Arvind Narayanan, “Our goal is a web privacy census（普查）which will be a comprehensive map of who are collecting what information, what they are inferring from it, and who they are sharing it with. It is an important step in our final goal of figuring out how users are treated based on that information.”

Personalization also has its benefits. Shopping sites such as Amazon and eBay can scan a user’s search and purchase history to offer suggestions. This can help find similar, cheaper items or items that are more suited to their needs at a glance. It’s also possible to disable personalized ads and results. Google’s search engine lets you switch off personalization, for example.

Researchers from the Universitat Pompeu Fabra in Barcelona and Yahoo felt the issue was so potentially damaging, and they have also created a way to “burst the filter(过滤) bubble”. They believe that just because people have opposing views on certain topics it doesn’t mean they won’t share interests with others.

1.The underlined word “eliminating” in Paragraph 1 probably means “_______”.

A. decorating　　 B. removing

C. personalizing　　 D. protecting

2.Princeton University created bots to ______.

A. explain why different websites are personalized

B. offer users some advice on how to protect privacy

C. assess how personalization is affecting Internet users

D. stress the advantages and disadvantages of personalization of websites

3.Which of the following websites have done something to cut off personalization?

A. Google and Yahoo.　　 B. eBay and Google.

C. Amazon and eBay.　　 D. Amazon and Yahoo.

4.What is this passage mainly about?

A. Different websites are doing something to offer quality service.

B. Personalized ads and search results could be creating different web pages.

C. Personalization of different sites will lead to users’ privacy being violated.

D. Personalization of shopping sites makes online shopping more convenient.

高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析

Whether you use a GPS device（设备） in your car or Google Maps on your smartphone, few of us travel anymore without digital help. 1. For one thing, GPS isn’t as accurate as you might think. What’s more, science is beginning to discover that people who rely only on navigational technologies may have a poor sense of place during travel.

2. They soon become outdated as cities change, requiring users to continually purchase updated versions. They’re also easily damaged from exposure to water, poor weather conditions and other physical forces.

However, paper maps still offer a few advantages that technologies can’t. For example, studying a map allows you to get a full view of where you’re going, including the roads, forests, towns, historic sites, rivers and mountains you’ll come across along the way. Many older maps are wonderful, offering a lovely feast for the eyes. 3.

Research by Toru Ishikawa and colleagues at the University of Tokyo found that GPS users spent 30％ more time looking at their device than those who used a paper map. 4. Instead they tended to stare at their screens and follow directions, never gaining a full view of where they were going.

Therefore, go ahead and use your GPS, but also carry a paper map as a handy backup. 5.　 Also it could even be a life-saver!

A. It will improve your travel experiences.

B. But don’t hurry to fold up your paper maps.

C. They also had a poorer recollection of surrounding scenery.

D. Compared with digital maps, paper maps do have disadvantages.

E. What’s more, paper maps tend to focus on smaller geographic areas.

F. They can also take you back in time to have a glimpse（瞥） of history.

G. In other words, they didn’t see or experience much during their travels.

高三英语七选五中等难度题查看答案及解析

任务型阅读

What is positive thinking? You might be tempted to assume that it implies seeing the world through rose-colored lenses by ignoring the negative aspects of life. However, positive thinking actually means approaching life's challenges with a positive outlook. It does not necessarily mean avoiding or ignoring the bad things; instead, it involves making the most of potentially bad situations, trying to see the best in other people, and viewing yourself and your abilities in a positive light.

Some researchers often frame positive thinking in terms of explanatory style. Your explanatory style is how you explain why events happened. People with an optimistic explanatory style tend to give themselves credit when good things happen, but typically blame outside forces for bad outcomes. Unlike individuals with a pessimistic explanatory style they also seldom view negative events as expected and lasting. Positive thinkers are more likely to use an optimistic explanatory style, but the way in which people attribute events can also vary depending upon the exact situation. For examples, a person who is generally a positive thinker might use a more pessimistic explanatory style in particularly challenging situations, such as at work or at school.

In recent years, the so-called "power of positive thinking" has gained a great deal of attention. Empirical (经验的) research has found that there are a lot of very real health benefits linked to positive thinking and optimistic attitudes. For example, positive thinking can make one live longer, feel less depressed, become less likely to suffer from health problems like the common cold and cardiovascular disease-related death. But why exactly does positive thinking have such a strong impact on health? One theory is that people who think positively tend to live a healthier life in general; they may exercise more, follow a more nutritious (营养的) diet and avoid unhealthy behaviors.

Even if you are not a natural-bom optimist, there are things you can do to learn how to think positively. For example, you are supposed to focus on your own inner monologue (独白) and stay away from negative self-talk.

When you are facing challenges and start engaging in negative thinking, call a friend of family member who you can count on to offer positive encouragement and feedback. Overall, remember that to think positively, you need to nurture (滋养) yourself. Investing energy in things you enjoy and surrounding yourself with optimistic people are just two ways that you can encourage positive thinking in your life.

高三英语任务型阅读中等难度题查看答案及解析

Tips for Using Google Maps When You Travel

Traveling somewhere new can bring exciting adventures. But it can also bring unwelcome surprises. That may be in the tools you use before and during your trip. With the right technology, you can make the most of your time on the road. 1. While people most commonly use Google Maps for directions from one place to another, it offers many other kinds of travel tools. Today, we bring you several tips for using Google Maps.

1.Plan a road trip route

When you are traveling on a road trip, you do not have to plan each part of the trip separately with Google Maps. 2. To plan a road trip, open Google Maps. Search for your first destination, and then click on the arrow to get directions. Then ,click on the plus + sign to add more destinations to your trip.

2.Save your maps for offline use

3. Or you may not want to pay international charges for using your phone in other countries. The good news is that you can still use Google Maps even without the Internet. You can download a map from Google Maps to your phone. To do this, open the Google Maps app on your phone and search for the area you want to save. Click on the address at the bottom of the screen, then choose Download.

3.Use Google Maps for a walk or bike ride

While Google Maps may first give users directions to a place by car, it also offers biking or walking directions.4. The results also tell you the elevation change of the route, so you know how much energy you will have to use by choosing to walk or ride a bicycle.

4.Save money on gas

If you are planning a car trip in North America, Google Maps can show you the lowest gas prices in the United States and Canada. Search for “gas stations” on the Google Maps app and you will see a list of nearby stations with gas prices.5. Therefore, Google Maps is really a great convenience to tourists.

A. Google Maps has many tech tools that help make traveling easier.

B. When traveling, you may not always have access to the Internet.

C. You can get those directions by clicking the walking or bicycle icon.

D. The “gas stations” on the Google Maps app are sometimes difficult to find.

E. They will also be marked on the map so that you can see the closest ones to you.

F. The apps and maps are of great help when people are going to a store or supermarket.

G. You can search for all of the parts of the trip in order to prepare your route more efficiently.

高三英语七选五中等难度题查看答案及解析

Tips for Using Google Maps When You Travel

Traveling somewhere new can bring exciting adventures. But it can also bring unwelcome surprises. That may be in the tools you use before and during your trip. With the right technology, you can make the most of your time on the road. 1.. While people most commonly use Google Maps for directions from one place to another, it offers many other kinds of travel tools. Today, we bring you several tips for using Google Maps.

1. Plan a road trip route

When you are traveling on a road trip, you do not have to plan each part of the trip separately with Google Maps. 2.. To plan a road trip, open Google Maps. Search for your first destination, and then click on the arrow to get directions. Then, click on the plus + sign to add more destinations to your trip.

2. Save your maps for offline use

3.. Or you may not want to pay international charges for using your phone in other countries. The good news is that you can still use Google Maps even without the Internet. You can download a map from Google Maps to your phone. To do this, open the Google Maps app on your phone and search for the area you want to save. Click on the address at the bottom of the screen, then choose Download.

3. Use Google Maps for a walk or bike ride

While Google Maps may first give users directions to a place by car, it also offers biking or walking directions.4.. The results also tell you the elevation change of the route, so you know how much energy you will have to use by choosing to walk or ride a bicycle.

4. Save money on gas

If you are planning a car trip in North America, Google Maps can show you the lowest gas prices in the United States and Canada. Search for “gas stations” on the Google Maps app and you will see a list of nearby stations with gas prices. 5.. Therefore, Google Maps is really a great convenience to tourists.

A. When you are traveling, you may not always have access to the Internet.

B. Google Maps has many tech tools that help make traveling easier.

C. You can get those directions by clicking the walking or bicycle icon.

F. The apps and maps are of great help when people are going to a store or supermarket.

E. They will also be marked on the map so that you can see the closest ones to you.

G. You can search for all of the parts of the trip in order to plan your route more efficiently.

高三英语七选五中等难度题查看答案及解析

Idioms are used all the time and unless you recognize when an idiom is being used, what you read or hear ______ can easily be misunderstood

A. spoken        B. speaking      C. speak      D. be spoken

高三英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析

Could the device, smartphone or PC, which you re using affect the moral decisions you make when using it? To test it, researchers presented multiple dilemmas to a sample set of 1,010 people. The participants were assigned a device at random.

One case of the questions participants were asked is the classic “trolley(有轨电车) problem”: A runaway trolley is headed towards five people tied up on a-set of train tracks. You can do nothing, resulting in the deaths of five people, or push a man off a bridge, which will stop the trolley. The practical response is to kill one man to save five lives, which 33. 5 percent of smartphone users chose, compared to 22.3 percent of PC users.

“What we round in our study is that when people used a smartphone to view classic moral problems, they were more likely to make more unemotional, reasonable decisions when presented with a highly emotional dilemma, “Dr Albert Barque-Duran, the lead author of the study, told City, University of London. “This could be due to the increased time pressure often　 present with smartphones and also the increased psychological distance which can occur when we use such devices compared to PCs.”

As for why the researchers started this study, Dr Barque-Duran noted, “Due to the fact that our social lives, work and even shopping take place online, it is important to think about how the contexts where we typically face moral decisions and are asked to engage in moral behavior have changed, and the impact this could have on the hundreds of millions of people who use such devices daily. “it’s clear that we need more research on how our devices affect our moral decision making because we’re using screens at an ever increasing rate.

1.Why did the author mention the trolley problem?

A.To introduce a difficult problem to readers.

B.To introduce the aim of carrying out the study.

C.To show an example of the questions in the study

D.To show the difficulty in dealing with dilemmas.

2.How do the smartphone users of the study behave in dealing with emotional dilemmas?

A.Calmly. B.Cruelly.

C.Hesitantly. D.Enthusiastically.

3.Dr Albert believes that compared with PCs, smartphones 　　　　 .

A.help people bear more pressure

B.help people make decisions quick

C.make people feel more mentally distant

D.make people stay happier to solve problems

4.What can we infer from the text?

A.Shopping online has a great effect on making moral decisions.

B.The people using smartphones are more than those using PCs.

C.People who often use smartphones or PCs always meet with dilemmas,

D.It is common for people to be involved in making moral decisions in daily life.

高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析

Could the device, smartphone or PC, which you re using affect the moral decisions you make when using it? To test it, researchers presented multiple dilemmas to a sample set of 1,010 people. The participants were assigned a device at random.

One case of the questions participants were asked is the classic “trolley(有轨电车) problem”: A runaway trolley is headed towards five people tied up on a-set of train tracks. You can do nothing, resulting in the deaths of five people, or push a man off a bridge, which will stop the trolley. The practical response is to kill one man to save five lives, which 33. 5 percent of smartphone users chose, compared to 22.3 percent of PC users.

“What we round in our study is that when people used a smartphone to view classic moral problems, they were more likely to make more unemotional, reasonable decisions when presented with a highly emotional dilemma, “Dr Albert Barque-Duran, the lead author of the study, told City, University of London. “This could be due to the increased time pressure often　 present with smartphones and also the increased psychological distance which can occur when we use such devices compared to PCs.”

As for why the researchers started this study, Dr Barque-Duran noted, “Due to the fact that our social lives, work and even shopping take place online, it is important to think about how the contexts where we typically face moral decisions and are asked to engage in moral behavior have changed, and the impact this could have on the hundreds of millions of people who use such devices daily. “it’s clear that we need more research on how our devices affect our moral decision making because we’re using screens at an ever increasing rate.

1.Why did the author mention the trolley problem?

A. To introduce a difficult problem to readers.

B. To introduce the aim of carrying out the study.

C. To show an example of the questions in the study

D. To show the difficulty in dealing with dilemmas.

2.How do the smartphone users of the study behave in dealing with emotional dilemmas?

A. Calmly.　　 B. Cruelly.

C. Hesitantly.　　 D. Enthusiastically.

3.Dr Albert believes that compared with PCs, smartphones 　　　　 .

A. help people bear more pressure

B. help people make decisions quick

C. make people feel more mentally distant

D. make people stay happier to solve problems

4.What can we infer from the text?

A. Shopping online has a great effect on making moral decisions.

B. The people using smartphones are more than those using PCs.

C. People who often use smartphones or PCs always meet with dilemmas,

D. It is common for people to be involved in making moral decisions in daily life.

高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析

To be successful in any aspect of life, you need to know when to use the carrot or the stick.

Here are a few tips to help you decide whether it’s better to use the carrot or the stick.

With the kids

The carrot

When it comes to raising a kid, the carrot or the stick dilemma is quickly disappearing as too many parents take the carrot approach to the extreme. In child raising, the carrot should never be materialistic things. If you want to ask for good behavior with a reward, it should be with something that can’t be bought, say, trust. The stick Nowadays, no one likes to use the stick any more, or in my father’s case, the belt. I’m not overlooking child abuse, if you ever want to call it that, but I am encouraging parents to toughen up a bit. You don’t want your kid to test your limits only to find out he can get away with it. If you want to raise a kid, raise the hand and let him know it comes down on the second offense.

At the office

The carrot

People need encouragement and motivation to perform well. However, the carrot only really works well with employees who have already proved themselves. If you’ve got someone who can’t show up at the office before noon, the promise of a raise isn’t going to do much. On the contrary, if there’s a guy with a good work moral, he’ll thrive (grow stronger) when you add a promotion to the picture.

The stick

When considering the carrot or the stick in the office, remember that, overall, the stick is the more practical method in the office. A wise man, who just happened to be an Italian, once said “It’s best to be both loved and feared.” It’s nice to have everyone love you, but running a business isn’t like running a family. You need to have the stick constantly raised.

With the wife

The carrot

When it comes to marriage, always use the carrot. I’ve had a lovely marriage for many years, and I’ve always stuck to the carrot approach.

Sometimes you catch more flies with honey, and sometimes it’s the crack of a whip(鞭子) that gets the horse moving. Try not to use too many sticks at home; the carrot is much more fun.

1.What is the best title of this passage?

A. The Carrot or the Stick?

B. The Introduction to the Carrot and the Stick

C. Tips in the Daily Life

D. The Advantages of the Carrot and the Stick

2.In kids raising, the author prefers ________.

A. the carrot approach

B. the stick approach

C. both the carrot approach and the stick approach

D. neither the carrot approach nor the stick approach

3.Which do you think is the best to be a good boss at the office?

A. Always using carrots.

B. Eating a lot of carrots.

C. Being both loved and feared.

D. Using too many sticks.

4.Which is NOT true according to the passage?

A. The author often gives more carrots to his wife to eat at home.

B. The carrot is much more fun when it comes to marriage.

C. On different occasions, the carrot or the stick is effective.

D. You need the stick to get your horses to move faster occasionally.

高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析

You might search on the internet for professors and their courses about this university ____ may interest you.

A．where            B．that              C．which            D．who

高三英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析