A team of British surgeons has carried out Ga...

A team of British surgeons has carried out Gaza’s（加沙）first organ transplants for a long-term plan to train local medical staff to perform the operations.

Two patients underwent kidney（肾脏）transplants at the Shifa, Gaza’s biggest public hospital. The operations were conducted a fortnight ago by a volunteer medical team from the Royal Liverpool hospital.

Ziad Matouk, 42, was born with one kidney and was diagnosed with renal failure（肾衰竭）several years ago. Matouk, whose wife donated one of her kidneys, hopes to return to his job within six months. The couple had sought a transplant in Cairo, but were rejected as unsuitable at a state hospital and could not afford the fee at a private hospital. “We were desperate,” said Matouk.

The UK-Gaza link-up began about a year ago after Abdelkader Hammad, a doctor at the Royal Liverpool hospital, was contacted by an anaesthetist（麻醉师）at the Shifa, who outlined the difficulties the Gaza hospital was facing with dialysis（透析）. The Shifa is forced to rely on generators because of power cuts; spare parts for its ageing dialysis machines have been difficult to import; and supplies of consumables are often scarce. After an exploratory trip last April, Hammad---whose family is Palestinian---and three colleagues from Liverpool arrived in Gaza via Egypt last month, bringing specialist equipment. Two patients were selected for surgery. The first, Mohammed Duhair, 42, received a kidney donated by his younger brother in a six-hour operation. Two days later, Matouk received a transplant after his wife, Nadia, 36, was found to be a good match. The surgeon was carried out by the British team, assisted by doctors and nurses from the Shifa. “We are very satisfied with the results,” said Sobbi Skaik, head of surgery at the Gaza hospital.

Skaik hopes that Gaza medical teams will eventually carry out kidney transplants independently, and that other organ transplants may follow. The Shifa is working with the Gaza ministry of health on a plan to train its doctors, surgeons, nursing staff and laboratory technicians in transplant surgery at the Royal Liverpool. “Funding is a problem,” said Hammad. “In the meantime we’ll go back as volunteers to Gaza for the next couple of years to do more transplants.” The Liverpool team’s next visit is scheduled for May.

1.What effect does Gaza’s first organ transplants hopes to get?

A. Helping poor Gaza people to regain health to make more money.

B. Releasing Gaza hospitals’ pressure of lack of professional doctors.

C. Assisting the Royal Liverpool hospital in perfecting their operations.

D. Calling for international attention at Gaza’s poor medical service.

2.Why did the state hospital refuse to practice surgeon for Ziad Matouk?

A. Because he couldn’t afford the fee at a public hospital.

B. Because the hospital didn’t accept dangerous patients.

C. Because they couldn’t find a matched organ.

D. Because his condition was untreatable.

3.What is the beginning of the cooperation between the Royal Liverpool hospital and Gaza?

A. A UK doctor contacted Gaza hospital.

B. The Shifa imported medical machines from UK.

C. Ziad Matouk’s condition seemed to get worse.

D. A Shifa doctor turned to Royal Liverpool hospital for help.

4.What did Dr. Hammad and his team do recently?

A. They had an exploratory trip in Egypt last April.

B. They carried out surgeries to test Gaza’s medical equipment.

C. They carried out two transplant surgeries in Gaza.

D. They sought assistance from the hospital of the Shifa.

高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析

A team of British surgeons has carried out Gaza’s（加沙）first organ transplants for a long-term plan to train local medical staff to perform the operations.

Two patients underwent kidney（肾脏）transplants at the Shifa, Gaza’s biggest public hospital. The operations were conducted a fortnight ago by a volunteer medical team from the Royal Liverpool hospital.

Ziad Matouk, 42, was born with one kidney and was diagnosed with renal failure（肾衰竭）several years ago. Matouk, whose wife donated one of her kidneys, hopes to return to his job within six months. The couple had sought a transplant in Cairo, but were rejected as unsuitable at a state hospital and could not afford the fee at a private hospital. “We were desperate,” said Matouk.

The UK-Gaza link-up began about a year ago after Abdelkader Hammad, a doctor at the Royal Liverpool hospital, was contacted by an anaesthetist（麻醉师）at the Shifa, who outlined the difficulties the Gaza hospital was facing with dialysis（透析）. The Shifa is forced to rely on generators because of power cuts; spare parts for its ageing dialysis machines have been difficult to import; and supplies of consumables are often scarce. After an exploratory trip last April, Hammad---whose family is Palestinian---and three colleagues from Liverpool arrived in Gaza via Egypt last month, bringing specialist equipment. Two patients were selected for surgery. The first, Mohammed Duhair, 42, received a kidney donated by his younger brother in a six-hour operation. Two days later, Matouk received a transplant after his wife, Nadia, 36, was found to be a good match. The surgeon was carried out by the British team, assisted by doctors and nurses from the Shifa. “We are very satisfied with the results,” said Sobbi Skaik, head of surgery at the Gaza hospital.

Skaik hopes that Gaza medical teams will eventually carry out kidney transplants independently, and that other organ transplants may follow. The Shifa is working with the Gaza ministry of health on a plan to train its doctors, surgeons, nursing staff and laboratory technicians in transplant surgery at the Royal Liverpool. “Funding is a problem,” said Hammad. “In the meantime we’ll go back as volunteers to Gaza for the next couple of years to do more transplants.” The Liverpool team’s next visit is scheduled for May.

1.What effect does Gaza’s first organ transplants hopes to get?

A. Helping poor Gaza people to regain health to make more money.

B. Releasing Gaza hospitals’ pressure of lack of professional doctors.

C. Assisting the Royal Liverpool hospital in perfecting their operations.

D. Calling for international attention at Gaza’s poor medical service.

2.Why did the state hospital refuse to practice surgeon for Ziad Matouk?

A. Because he couldn’t afford the fee at a public hospital.

B. Because the hospital didn’t accept dangerous patients.

C. Because they couldn’t find a matched organ.

D. Because his condition was untreatable.

3.What is the beginning of the cooperation between the Royal Liverpool hospital and Gaza?

A. A UK doctor contacted Gaza hospital.

B. The Shifa imported medical machines from UK.

C. Ziad Matouk’s condition seemed to get worse.

D. A Shifa doctor turned to Royal Liverpool hospital for help.

4.What did Dr. Hammad and his team do recently?

A. They had an exploratory trip in Egypt last April.

B. They carried out surgeries to test Gaza’s medical equipment.

C. They carried out two transplant surgeries in Gaza.

D. They sought assistance from the hospital of the Shifa.

高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析

Surgeons in Spain have successfully carried out the world’s first organ transplant using new stem cell technology. Some people are calling it the greatest medical breakthrough so far this century.

But what are stem cells? As we know, most cells in our bodies are designed to serve specific purposes – for example, a liver cell develops to work in the liver and cannot become a heart cell. But stem cells are different. They are very young, and in the laboratory scientists can grow them into different types of cell.

Claudia Castillo needed a new windpipe after getting a serious disease. Scientists from the University of Bristol in the UK took a donor windpipe, or trachea, from someone who had recently died. They used strong chemicals to remove the donor’s cells, leaving a tissue scaffold(组织支架). This was refilled with cells from Ms Castillo’s windpipe, and stem cells from her bone. After four days the cells had grown sufficiently for the windpipe to be transplanted into Ms Castillo.

Currently, transplant patients have to take drugs for the rest of their lives to prevent their bodies rejecting the new organs. These drugs can have bad side-effects, and do not always prevent rejection. But by using Ms Castillo’s own cells, doctors were able to trick her body into thinking the new windpipe was her own organ. Five months on, Claudia Castillo is in perfect health.

This ground-breaking procedure could be used in other transplant operations in the future. Scientists also believe stem cells might be used to treat Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, heart disease, stroke, arthritis, diabetes, burns and so on.

However, stem cell research is extremely controversial. The most effective stem cells do not come from adults but from embryos created in laboratories and which are just a few days old. Many people have religious or ethical objections to growing embryos, even if they can be used to cure diseases.

1.This transplant is considered the greatest medical breakthrough because _________.

A．this is the first organ transplant in the whole world

B．the patient is in perfect health after the operation

C．it is the first success with new stem cell technology

D．the stem cells are from an embryo developed in a lab

2.Stem cells are different from the other ceils in the way that __________.

A．they are grown in the lab only

B．they can grow into different types of cell

C．they are designed for a specific purpose

D．they can work in the liver not in the heart

3.What is the main idea of the third paragraph?

A．How Claudia survived in the operation

B．How to remove the cells from the donor’s organ

C．Why stem cells are needed in the transplant

D．How the windpipe is transplanted

4.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

A．Human bodies always reject transplanted organs even with their own cells

B．The donor’s cells had to be removed because they were unhealthy

C．The transplanted organ was refilled with the stem cells only

D．Claudia will not have to take drugs to prevent rejection.

5.Which word can best describe the scientists’ attitude towards the stem cell technology?

A．controversial                          B．confident

C．conservative (保守的)                    D．critical

高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析

The British government declared that a ''proper piece of work'' was being carried out to look into the possibility of linking Scotland to Northern Ireland via a bridge spanning the Irish Sea. At the moment, the leading candidates for the locations of the route are Portpatrick on the Scottish coast and Larne on the Northern Irish coast.

Length aside, there are a number of other significant challenges that such an enormous project would raise. For example, there’s the depth of the sea, which at times reaches 300 metres, and the large spans that would be required to let any ships pass under the bridge safely, explained Ian Firth, a structural engineer at the Institution of Civil Engineers.

''One solution might be to use floating foundations. '' he said. ''You have a floating pontoon(水上浮台) held below the surface of the water.You still have to get down there and drill holes in the rock down below, but you're now just tying it down with some cables. Then the floating platform is held below the waves----you don't want it at the surface because then you’re getting wave action and tidal action. You stand your bridge structures on those floating platforms. That’s the sort of thing that potentially could be doable. ''

Even so, such a structure would still leave those travelling across it at the mercy of high winds and heavy rain, even taking into account any weather shielding measures that could be fitted. However, there may be another solution.

''There's another type of floating structure, a submerged(水下的) floating tunnel. It’s not through the rock but under the water, '' said Firth. ''You attach it down, shall we say 20 metres below the water, so that ships can go happily across the top of it, but the thing is actually floating. If you're in your car, you’re driving, in effect, through a tunnel. That is a very interesting, and I think really quite potentially practical solution. ''

But it's early days and there are many factors to consider, such as the ability of the transport links either side of the crossing to cope with additional traffic, and the fact that it may be more efficient to upgrade the existing ferry infrastructure, before any kind of design work could begin.

''At the moment it is an idea and not much more than that. To begin with, we'd need a pre-feasibility study which looks at what the options are so that we can actually frame the range of a feasibility(可行性) study, '' said Firth, ''After that people like me could go away and turn over what the options are. I believe it's possible. But 'possible' and 'affordable' are two different things. I’m not trying to put numbers to it, but it is eye-wateringly expensive, and nothing like it has been attempted before. But we're in the business of finding solutions to challenges. We civil structural engineers are good at that kind of thing. ''

1.From Paragraphs 1 and 2, engineers may focus efforts on the ______ of the bridge-to-be.

A.cost B.location

C.structure D.reliability

2.What might be the major drawback to the first solution?

A.It is impossible to build a bridge on floating platforms.

B.It takes much labor to tie floating platforms with cables.

C.Wave and tidal action can easily destroy floating platforms.

D.Traffic flow will be subject to severe weather conditions.

3.What can we learn from Firth's words in the last paragraph?

A.Bridge construction is more of an assumption than a detailed plan.

B.Engineers have reached a consensus on the feasibility of the project.

C.They are trying to update the structural design to control costs.

D.Previous similar attempts do help them draw up a feasible plan.

4.Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?

A.Why not float?

B.A bridge too far?

C.Overlooking the Irish Sea

D.Meeting new Scottish friends

高三英语阅读理解困难题查看答案及解析

To make members of a team perform better, the trainer first of all has to know their      .

A. strengths          B. benefits        C. techniques          D. values

高三英语单项填空简单题查看答案及解析

To make members of a team perform better , the trainer first of all has to know their _____ weakness．

A．strengths            B．benefits        C．techniques    D．values

高三英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析

To make members of a team perform better, the trainer first of all has to know their ___and weaknesses.

A．benefits           B．strengths          C．techniques        D．values

高三英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析

To make members of a team perform better, the trainer first of all has to know their _____ and weaknesses.

A. strengths       B. benefits         C. techniques      D. values

高三英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析

To make members Of a team perform better, the trainer first of all has to know their _____ and weaknesses.

A. strengths        B. benefits          C. techniques  D. values

高三英语单项填空简单题查看答案及解析

To make members of a team perform better, the trainer first of all has to know their ______ and weaknesses.

A. strengths             B. benefits             C. techniques                D. values

高三英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析