Surgeons in Spain have successfully carried out the world’s first organ transplant using new stem cell technology. Some people are calling it the greatest medical breakthrough so far this century.
But what are stem cells? As we know, most cells in our bodies are designed to serve specific purposes – for example, a liver cell develops to work in the liver and cannot become a heart cell. But stem cells are different. They are very young, and in the laboratory scientists can grow them into different types of cell.
Claudia Castillo needed a new windpipe after getting a serious disease. Scientists from the University of Bristol in the UK took a donor windpipe, or trachea, from someone who had recently died. They used strong chemicals to remove the donor’s cells, leaving a tissue scaffold(组织支架). This was refilled with cells from Ms Castillo’s windpipe, and stem cells from her bone. After four days the cells had grown sufficiently for the windpipe to be transplanted into Ms Castillo.
Currently, transplant patients have to take drugs for the rest of their lives to prevent their bodies rejecting the new organs. These drugs can have bad side-effects, and do not always prevent rejection. But by using Ms Castillo’s own cells, doctors were able to trick her body into thinking the new windpipe was her own organ. Five months on, Claudia Castillo is in perfect health.
This ground-breaking procedure could be used in other transplant operations in the future. Scientists also believe stem cells might be used to treat Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, heart disease, stroke, arthritis, diabetes, burns and so on.
However, stem cell research is extremely controversial. The most effective stem cells do not come from adults but from embryos created in laboratories and which are just a few days old. Many people have religious or ethical objections to growing embryos, even if they can be used to cure diseases.
1.This transplant is considered the greatest medical breakthrough because _________.
A.this is the first organ transplant in the whole world
B.the patient is in perfect health after the operation
C.it is the first success with new stem cell technology
D.the stem cells are from an embryo developed in a lab
2.Stem cells are different from the other ceils in the way that __________.
A.they are grown in the lab only
B.they can grow into different types of cell
C.they are designed for a specific purpose
D.they can work in the liver not in the heart
3.What is the main idea of the third paragraph?
A.How Claudia survived in the operation
B.How to remove the cells from the donor’s organ
C.Why stem cells are needed in the transplant
D.How the windpipe is transplanted
4.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A.Human bodies always reject transplanted organs even with their own cells
B.The donor’s cells had to be removed because they were unhealthy
C.The transplanted organ was refilled with the stem cells only
D.Claudia will not have to take drugs to prevent rejection.
5.Which word can best describe the scientists’ attitude towards the stem cell technology?
A.controversial B.confident
C.conservative (保守的) D.critical
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题
Surgeons in Spain have successfully carried out the world’s first organ transplant using new stem cell technology. Some people are calling it the greatest medical breakthrough so far this century.
But what are stem cells? As we know, most cells in our bodies are designed to serve specific purposes – for example, a liver cell develops to work in the liver and cannot become a heart cell. But stem cells are different. They are very young, and in the laboratory scientists can grow them into different types of cell.
Claudia Castillo needed a new windpipe after getting a serious disease. Scientists from the University of Bristol in the UK took a donor windpipe, or trachea, from someone who had recently died. They used strong chemicals to remove the donor’s cells, leaving a tissue scaffold(组织支架). This was refilled with cells from Ms Castillo’s windpipe, and stem cells from her bone. After four days the cells had grown sufficiently for the windpipe to be transplanted into Ms Castillo.
Currently, transplant patients have to take drugs for the rest of their lives to prevent their bodies rejecting the new organs. These drugs can have bad side-effects, and do not always prevent rejection. But by using Ms Castillo’s own cells, doctors were able to trick her body into thinking the new windpipe was her own organ. Five months on, Claudia Castillo is in perfect health.
This ground-breaking procedure could be used in other transplant operations in the future. Scientists also believe stem cells might be used to treat Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, heart disease, stroke, arthritis, diabetes, burns and so on.
However, stem cell research is extremely controversial. The most effective stem cells do not come from adults but from embryos created in laboratories and which are just a few days old. Many people have religious or ethical objections to growing embryos, even if they can be used to cure diseases.
1.This transplant is considered the greatest medical breakthrough because _________.
A.this is the first organ transplant in the whole world
B.the patient is in perfect health after the operation
C.it is the first success with new stem cell technology
D.the stem cells are from an embryo developed in a lab
2.Stem cells are different from the other ceils in the way that __________.
A.they are grown in the lab only
B.they can grow into different types of cell
C.they are designed for a specific purpose
D.they can work in the liver not in the heart
3.What is the main idea of the third paragraph?
A.How Claudia survived in the operation
B.How to remove the cells from the donor’s organ
C.Why stem cells are needed in the transplant
D.How the windpipe is transplanted
4.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A.Human bodies always reject transplanted organs even with their own cells
B.The donor’s cells had to be removed because they were unhealthy
C.The transplanted organ was refilled with the stem cells only
D.Claudia will not have to take drugs to prevent rejection.
5.Which word can best describe the scientists’ attitude towards the stem cell technology?
A.controversial B.confident
C.conservative (保守的) D.critical
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
The Pew report—which was based on surveys carried out in Britain, France, Germany, Italy, Spain, Greece, Poland and the Czech Republic—concluded that the European Union was “ the new sick man of Europe”.
The percentage of Europeans with a favorable view of the EU has plunged from 60 percent last year to 45 percent now.
The UK may be considered the most Eurosceptic(欧洲怀疑论者)country, but its support for the union has barely changed in the past 12 months, slipping only two points to 43 percent.
By contrast, France’s backing for the EU has slipped sharply, from 60 percent last year to 41 percent today.
On the question of whether to remain in the EU, 46 percent of the British want to leave the union and surprisingly, the same percentage want to stay.
The Pew report’s authors said, “The long-drawn economic crisis has created bad forces that are pulling European public opinion apart, separating the French from the Germans and Germans from everyone else.”
They added, “The effort over the past half century to create a more united Europe is now the main disaster of the euro crisis. The European project now stands in a bad reputation across much of Europe.”
The only European leader rated highly by their own voters was the German Chancellor Angela Merkel, with 74 percent voters in favor of her.
Prime Minister David Cameron was the next highest with a positive score of 37 percent among the British public, although he can take some comfort from the fact that 58 percent of Poles(波兰人)and half of all French people think he is doing a good job.
In spite of the dark economic future and growing doubt of the EU, there were strong majorities of more than 60 percent in favor of keeping the euro in the five countries surveyed that use the single currency.
1.Which of the following is TRUE about the recent Pew report?
A. The UK has the smallest number of people against the EU.
B. There’s a slight change of the UK’s support for the EU.
C. More than half the Germans raise doubt about the EU.
D. A vast majority of French people are in favor of the EU.
2.As to whether to remain in the EU, ______.
A. The British are divided equally B. few British want to stay
C. half British want to leave D. many British don’t care about it
3.What’s the Pew report’s authors’ attitude towards the relation between France and
Germany?
A. Enthusiastic. B. Optimistic.
C. Negative. D. Neutral.
4.Why does Prime Minister David Cameron feel a little bit comfortable?
A. Only a score of 37 percent of Britons go against him.
B. Many of the Poles and French think well of him.
C. More than 60 percent of the Europeans are in favor of keeping the euro.
D. Angela Merkel has 74 percent voters supporting her.
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
The world's first hydrogen-powered trains have begun running in Germany. They began carrying passengers Monday in Germany's northern Lower Saxony state. The new train will run 100-kilometer trips and can travel up to 140 kilometers an hour.
A French railroad company called Alstom built the two trains. Team in Germany and France cooperated on the project, which was supported by the German government. The new train model ,called the Coradia ilint, signals the beginning of efforts in Germany and other nations to move away from pollution-producing diesel(柴油) trains.
The Coradia iLint is designed to run on non-electrified train lines with low levels of noise.
It uses a process that combines hydrogen and oxygen to produce electrical power. If the system produces more energy than the train needs at that time, it can store the extra energy in batteries. The only emissions (排放物) are water and steam.
A single tank of hydrogen can run a Coradia iLint train for about 1,000 kilometers. This is very similar to the distance a diesel-powered train can run on with a single tank.
Hydrogen-powered trains cost more than diesel trains to build. But Alstom officials say the operating costs are much lower. The company plans to provide another 14 Coradia iLint trains to Lower Saxony by 2021.
The head of railroad operations in the area, Carmen Schwab, praised replacing diesel trains with hydrogen. She said the move was an important first step in using clean-burning technologies to reach climate protection goals.
Officials say the area's many wind turbines (涡轮机)will produce part of the energy to create the hydrogen to power the trains.
Alstom says several other European countries have also expressed interest in developing hydrogen train systems. France has already said it wants its first hydrogen train to be operating by 2022.
1.Why did Germany build the new trains?
A. To replace diesel trains.
B. To carry more passengers.
C. To make traveling much easier.
D. To develop friendship with France.
2.What is one advantage of the Coradia iLint?
A. It runs without making any noise.
B. It doesn't use electrical power.
C. It costs much less to run.
D. It is cheaper to make it.
3.It can be concluded that hydrogen trains________.
A. are widely used
B. are environmentally friendly
C. can stop air pollution
D. can produce water and oxygen
4.What might be the best title for the text?
A. Saving Natural Resources
B. Efforts to Reduce Emissions
C. World's First Hydrogen Trains
D. A New Way to Make Electricity
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
A team of British surgeons has carried out Gaza’s(加沙)first organ transplants for a long-term plan to train local medical staff to perform the operations.
Two patients underwent kidney(肾脏)transplants at the Shifa, Gaza’s biggest public hospital. The operations were conducted a fortnight ago by a volunteer medical team from the Royal Liverpool hospital.
Ziad Matouk, 42, was born with one kidney and was diagnosed with renal failure(肾衰竭)several years ago. Matouk, whose wife donated one of her kidneys, hopes to return to his job within six months. The couple had sought a transplant in Cairo, but were rejected as unsuitable at a state hospital and could not afford the fee at a private hospital. “We were desperate,” said Matouk.
The UK-Gaza link-up began about a year ago after Abdelkader Hammad, a doctor at the Royal Liverpool hospital, was contacted by an anaesthetist(麻醉师)at the Shifa, who outlined the difficulties the Gaza hospital was facing with dialysis(透析). The Shifa is forced to rely on generators because of power cuts; spare parts for its ageing dialysis machines have been difficult to import; and supplies of consumables are often scarce. After an exploratory trip last April, Hammad---whose family is Palestinian---and three colleagues from Liverpool arrived in Gaza via Egypt last month, bringing specialist equipment. Two patients were selected for surgery. The first, Mohammed Duhair, 42, received a kidney donated by his younger brother in a six-hour operation. Two days later, Matouk received a transplant after his wife, Nadia, 36, was found to be a good match. The surgeon was carried out by the British team, assisted by doctors and nurses from the Shifa. “We are very satisfied with the results,” said Sobbi Skaik, head of surgery at the Gaza hospital.
Skaik hopes that Gaza medical teams will eventually carry out kidney transplants independently, and that other organ transplants may follow. The Shifa is working with the Gaza ministry of health on a plan to train its doctors, surgeons, nursing staff and laboratory technicians in transplant surgery at the Royal Liverpool. “Funding is a problem,” said Hammad. “In the meantime we’ll go back as volunteers to Gaza for the next couple of years to do more transplants.” The Liverpool team’s next visit is scheduled for May.
1.What effect does Gaza’s first organ transplants hopes to get?
A. Helping poor Gaza people to regain health to make more money.
B. Releasing Gaza hospitals’ pressure of lack of professional doctors.
C. Assisting the Royal Liverpool hospital in perfecting their operations.
D. Calling for international attention at Gaza’s poor medical service.
2.Why did the state hospital refuse to practice surgeon for Ziad Matouk?
A. Because he couldn’t afford the fee at a public hospital.
B. Because the hospital didn’t accept dangerous patients.
C. Because they couldn’t find a matched organ.
D. Because his condition was untreatable.
3.What is the beginning of the cooperation between the Royal Liverpool hospital and Gaza?
A. A UK doctor contacted Gaza hospital.
B. The Shifa imported medical machines from UK.
C. Ziad Matouk’s condition seemed to get worse.
D. A Shifa doctor turned to Royal Liverpool hospital for help.
4.What did Dr. Hammad and his team do recently?
A. They had an exploratory trip in Egypt last April.
B. They carried out surgeries to test Gaza’s medical equipment.
C. They carried out two transplant surgeries in Gaza.
D. They sought assistance from the hospital of the Shifa.
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
A team of British surgeons has carried out Gaza’s(加沙)first organ transplants for a long-term plan to train local medical staff to perform the operations.
Two patients underwent kidney(肾脏)transplants at the Shifa, Gaza’s biggest public hospital. The operations were conducted a fortnight ago by a volunteer medical team from the Royal Liverpool hospital.
Ziad Matouk, 42, was born with one kidney and was diagnosed with renal failure(肾衰竭)several years ago. Matouk, whose wife donated one of her kidneys, hopes to return to his job within six months. The couple had sought a transplant in Cairo, but were rejected as unsuitable at a state hospital and could not afford the fee at a private hospital. “We were desperate,” said Matouk.
The UK-Gaza link-up began about a year ago after Abdelkader Hammad, a doctor at the Royal Liverpool hospital, was contacted by an anaesthetist(麻醉师)at the Shifa, who outlined the difficulties the Gaza hospital was facing with dialysis(透析). The Shifa is forced to rely on generators because of power cuts; spare parts for its ageing dialysis machines have been difficult to import; and supplies of consumables are often scarce. After an exploratory trip last April, Hammad---whose family is Palestinian---and three colleagues from Liverpool arrived in Gaza via Egypt last month, bringing specialist equipment. Two patients were selected for surgery. The first, Mohammed Duhair, 42, received a kidney donated by his younger brother in a six-hour operation. Two days later, Matouk received a transplant after his wife, Nadia, 36, was found to be a good match. The surgeon was carried out by the British team, assisted by doctors and nurses from the Shifa. “We are very satisfied with the results,” said Sobbi Skaik, head of surgery at the Gaza hospital.
Skaik hopes that Gaza medical teams will eventually carry out kidney transplants independently, and that other organ transplants may follow. The Shifa is working with the Gaza ministry of health on a plan to train its doctors, surgeons, nursing staff and laboratory technicians in transplant surgery at the Royal Liverpool. “Funding is a problem,” said Hammad. “In the meantime we’ll go back as volunteers to Gaza for the next couple of years to do more transplants.” The Liverpool team’s next visit is scheduled for May.
1.What effect does Gaza’s first organ transplants hopes to get?
A. Helping poor Gaza people to regain health to make more money.
B. Releasing Gaza hospitals’ pressure of lack of professional doctors.
C. Assisting the Royal Liverpool hospital in perfecting their operations.
D. Calling for international attention at Gaza’s poor medical service.
2.Why did the state hospital refuse to practice surgeon for Ziad Matouk?
A. Because he couldn’t afford the fee at a public hospital.
B. Because the hospital didn’t accept dangerous patients.
C. Because they couldn’t find a matched organ.
D. Because his condition was untreatable.
3.What is the beginning of the cooperation between the Royal Liverpool hospital and Gaza?
A. A UK doctor contacted Gaza hospital.
B. The Shifa imported medical machines from UK.
C. Ziad Matouk’s condition seemed to get worse.
D. A Shifa doctor turned to Royal Liverpool hospital for help.
4.What did Dr. Hammad and his team do recently?
A. They had an exploratory trip in Egypt last April.
B. They carried out surgeries to test Gaza’s medical equipment.
C. They carried out two transplant surgeries in Gaza.
D. They sought assistance from the hospital of the Shifa.
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
______to carry out the plan in time,they will make careful preparations.
A Determine B Having been determined C Determined D Being determined
高三英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析
___________ to carry out the plan in time, they will make careful prepatations.
A.Determine B.Having been determined
C.Determined D.being determined
高三英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析
His confident words have ________ our doubts about how the plan will be carried out.
A. brought in B. taken up
C. cut in D. cleared up
高三英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析
根据短文内容, 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
What do the world’s most successful people all have in common?
By examining the work habits of over 150 greatest writers and artists and scientists, the researchers including Standford Professor Jeffrey Pfeffer found that high achievers like Robert Moses turn out to be all alike:
Busy ! Busy!
1. In a study of general managers in industry, John Kotter reported that many of them worked 60 to 65 hours per week—which translates into at least six 10-hour days. The ability and willingness to work difficult and tiring hours has characterized many powerful figures. Energy and strength provide many advantages to those seeking to build power.
Just Say No!
The difference between successful people and very successful people is that very successful people say “no” to almost everything. And that’s what gives them the time to accomplish so much. 2. And focus means saying “no” to a lot of distractions(分神).
Know What You Are!
Ignore your weakness and keep improving your strengths. Don’t waste time exploring skill areas where you have little competence. Instead, focus on—and build on—your strengths. 3. .
Create Good Luck!
Luck is not magical—there is a science to it. Richard Wiseman studied lucky people for his book Luck Factor, and broke down what they do right. 4. By being more outgoing, open to new ideas, following the feeling that something is true, being optimistic, lucky people create possibilities.
Does applying these principles to your life actually work Wiseman created a “luck school” to test the ideas—and it was a success. In total, 80 percent of people who attended Luck School said that their luck had increased. 5. .
A. Spend enough time to improve your weakness.
B. Achievement requires focus.
C. On average, these people reported that their luck had increased by more than 40 percent.
D. They never stop working and they never lose a minute.
E. Busy people are more likely to be lucky.
F. This means knowing who you are, what you are and what you are good at.
G. Certain personality types are luckier because they behave in a way that offer the chance for good opportunities.
高三英语其他题中等难度题查看答案及解析
根据短文内容, 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
What do the world’s most successful people all have in common?
By examining the work habits of over 150 greatest writers and artists and scientists, the researchers including Standford Professor Jeffrey Preffer found that high achievers like Robert Moses turn out to be all alike:
Busy ! Busy!
1. In a study of general managers in industry, John Kotter reported that many of them worked 60 to 65 hours per week—which translates into at least six 10-hour days. The ability and willingness to work difficult and tiring hours has characterized many powerful figures. Energy and strength provide many advantages to those seeking to build power.
Just Say No!
The difference between successful people and very successful people is that very successful people say “no” to almost everything. And that’s what gives them the time to accomplish so much. 2. And focus means saying “no” to a lot of distractions(分神).
Know What You Are!
Ignore your weakness and keep improving your strengths. Don’t waste time exploring skill areas where you have little competence. Instead, focus on—and build on—your strengths. 3. .
Create Good Luck!
Luck is not magical—there is a science to it. Richard Wiseman studied lucky people for his book Luck Factor, and broke down what they do right. 4. By being more outgoing, open to new ideas, following the feeling that something is true, being optimistic, lucky people create possibilities.
Does applying these principles to your life actually work? Wiseman created a “luck school” to test the ideas—and it was a success. In total, 80 percent of people who attended Luck School said that their luck had increased. 5. .
A. Spend enough time to improve your weakness.
B. Achievement requires focus.
C. On average, these people reported that their luck had increased by more than 40 percent.
D. High achievers never stop working and they never lose a minute.
E. Busy people are more likely to be lucky.
F. This means knowing who you are, what you are and what you are good at.
G. Certain personality types are luckier because they behave in a way that offers the chance for good opportunities.
高三英语七选五困难题查看答案及解析