The old scientist used to say that knowledge ...

When he was alive, the old scientist used to say that knowledge ____ from practice and he gained his experience by doing a lot of practical work.

高三英语单项填空简单题查看答案及解析

The old scientist used to say that knowledge ______ from practice．

A．was coming    B．comes

C．had come    D．would come

高三英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析

Scientists say they now have proof to support the old-fashioned advice that it’s best to sleep on a problem．They say sleep strengthens the memory and helps the brain organize the masses of information we receive each day．

The lead researcher Bob Stickgold at the Harvard Medical School said, “Sleep helps us draw rules from our experiences．It’s like knowing the difference between dogs and cats even if it’s hard to explain．”

The US research team studied how well students remembered connections between words and symbols, reports New Scientist．They compared how the students performed if they had had a sleep between seeing the words and having the test, and if they had not slept．They found that people were better able to remember lists of related words after a night’s sleep than after the same time spent awake during the day．They also found it easier to remember themes that the words had in common．But they forgot around one in four more themes if they had been awake．

Prof．John Groeger, of Survey University’s Sleep Research Centre, said, “People have been trying for years to find out what the purpose of sleep is, as we know that only certain parts of it have a restorative （促使康复的）value．”

“We form and store huge numbers of experiences in the head every day, and sleep seems to be the way the brain deals with them all．”

1.The phrase “to sleep on a problem” in Paragraph 1 most likely means “________”．

A．to pay full attention to a problem

B．to wait until the next day for a decision

C．to sleep to forget a problem

D．to have difficulty in sleeping

2.In the study by the US research team, students were asked to ________．

A．put together words of similar meanings

B．remember words and their meanings

C．show their knowledge of words

D．make up lists of related words

3.Which of the following may be easier to remember?

A．Themes learned right before the test．

B．Rules from personal experiences．

C．Words learned before a good sleep．

D．Ideas stored together in the brain．

4.What may be the importance of the research?

A．It shows that sleep may help us manage information．

B．It helps find out the common themes of words．

C．It tells us that more sleep can improve health．

D．It proves the value of old-fashioned advice．

高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析

Scientists say they have developed a system that uses machine learning to predict when and where lightning will strike. Researchers report the system is able to predict lightning strikes up to 30 minutes before they happen within a 30-kilometer area.

Lightning is a strong burst of electricity in the atmosphere. Since it carries an extremely powerful electrical charge, it can be destructive and deadly. European researchers have estimated that between 6,000 and 24,000 people are killed by lightning worldwide each year. For this reason, climate scientists have long sought to develop methods to predict lightning.

The system tested in the experiments uses a combination of data from weather stations and machine learning methods. The researchers developed a prediction model that was trained to recognize weather conditions that were likely to cause lightning.

The model was created with data collected over a 12-year period from 12 Swiss weather stations in cities and mountain areas. The data, related to four main surface conditions: air pressure, air temperature, relative humidity and wind speed, was placed into a unique machine learning algorithm (算法), which compared it to records of lightning strikes. Researchers say the algorithm was then able to learn the conditions under which lightning happens.

The researchers test-ran the system several times. They found that the system made predictions that proved correct almost 80 percent of the time. “It can now be used anywhere,” the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology said in a statement.

The researchers plan to keep developing the technology in partnership with a European effort that aims to create a lightning protection program. The effort is called the European Laser Lightning Rod project. Scientists working on the project are experimenting with a laser technology that could someday control lightning activity, transferring lightning charges from clouds to the ground. They hope that such technology can one day be used as protection against lightning strikes. Possible uses could be at stations, airports or places where large crowds gather.

1.Why was the system developed?

A.To meet kids’ curiosity about lightning.

B.To show the power of lightning.

C.To keep track of lightning deaths.

D.To protect people from lightning.

2.What is special about the system?

A.It was based on a number of samples worldwide.

B.It adopted a different machine learning algorithm.

C.It used an effective method of collecting data.

D.It required low cost of predicting lightning.

3.What will the researchers do next with the laser technology?

A.Monitor lightning activity. B.Prevent the occurrence of lightning.

C.Direct energy from lightning. D.Generate electricity with lightning.

4.What can be a suitable title for the text?

A.A System of Controlling Lightning B.A Method of Forecasting Lightning

C.A Theory of Employing Lightning D.A Model of Creating Lightning

高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析

Scientists say they have developed a system that uses machine learning to predict when and where lightning will strike. The research was led by engineers from the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne, Switzerland.

Lightning is a strong burst of electricity in the atmosphere. It can strike between clouds or between a cloud and the ground. Since lightning carries an extremely powerful electrical charge, it can be destructive and deadly. It is difficult to know exactly how many people die of lightning-related causes. European researchers have estimated that between 6,000 and 24,000 people are killed by lightning worldwide each year. The strikes can also cause power failure, destroy property, damage electrical equipment and start forest fires.

For this reason, climate scientists have long sought to develop methods to predict and control lightning. The system tested in the experiments uses a combination of data from weather stations and machine learning methods. The researchers developed a prediction model that was trained to recognize weather conditions that were likely to cause lightning. The model was created with data collected over a 12-year period from 12 Swiss weather stations in cities and mountain areas. The data related to four main surface conditions: air pressure, air temperature, relative humidity (湿度) and wind speed. The atmospheric data was placed into a machine learning algorithm (计算程序), which compared it to records of lightning strikes. Researchers say the algorithm was then able to learn the conditions under which lightning happens.

“Once trained, the system made predictions that proved correct almost 80 percent of the time,” the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology said in a statement. “It can now be used anywhere.”

Amirhossein Mostajabi, a PhD student at the institute, said current systems for gathering such data are slow and complex and require costly collection equipment like radar or satellites. “Our method uses data that can be obtained from any weather station,” he said. “This will improve data collection in very remote areas not covered by radar and satellite or in places where communication systems have been cut,” he added.

The researchers plan to keep developing the technology in partnership with a European effort that aims to create a lightning protection system. Scientists working on the Paris-based project are experimenting with a laser technology that could someday control lightning activity. The idea is that powerful, ground-based lasers can be positioned in the sky to direct energy from lightning.

1.What does Paragraph 2 mainly focus on?

A.The cause of lightning. B.The forming process of lighnting.

C.The destruction of lightning. D.The difficulty to count the deaths.

2.Which is the correct order of how the system works?

① develop a prediction model.

② learn to recognize weather conditions.

③ collect related data.

④ input the data onto the computer.

⑤ make predictions.

A.①→②→③→④→⑤ B.③→④→①→②→⑤

C.①→②→④→③→⑤ D.③→①→②→⑤→④

3.What’s the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology’s attitude toward the system?

A.Satisfied. B.Doubtful.

C.Negative. D.Neutral.

4.The advantage of the new system for collecting data lies in its　　　　 .

A.accuracy B.efficiency

C.wide coverage D.reliability

5.What does the Paris-based project aim to do?

A.Identify lighting. B.Predict lighting.

C.Stop lighting. D.Control lighting.

高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析

Fearful parents are saying no to sleep-overs（在别人家里过夜）,banning children as old as 15 from using public transport on their own and watching over their kids like hawks（鹰）at the local park,according to a new British study.

The survey of 6,099 people commissioned by LV,a charity that educates children about safety,showed that nearly a quarter of children aged 15 or under were not allowed to sleep at a friend's house,60 percent were forbidden to travel on public transport alone and 43 percent couldn't go to the park without a parent or guardian（监护人）.

It said more than 60 percent of mums and dads think the world is more dangerous than when they were kids. "It's difficult for parents to know when is the right time to step back and allow children to experience things on their own,"said one person in the survey.

In contrast,just four percent of today's adults said they were banned from sleeping-over when they were 15 or younger,only two percent were forbidden to use public transport,and the same number couldn't go out on their own in familiar surroundings,such as their local town or park.

“Stranger danger” is the number one worry for over half of all parents (54 percent),followed by bullying（欺侮）(47),mugging (46) and road danger (34).On average,children today can look forward to walking to school on their own by the age of 11,use public transport on their own at 12,and babysit their brother or sister by the time they're 14.

In contrast,parents say they were allowed to walk to school unaccompanied at the age of nine,use public transport alone by the time they were 11,and babysit a brother or sister by the time of their 12th birthday.

Parents know they are being tougher on their children and over a third said they felt uneasy that their kids do not get the same opportunities as they did to experience freedom as a youngster.

1.Most parents have more control over their children because_______.

A. they love their children more than their parents did in the past

B. they are more protective than their parents were

C. they think the world is more dangerous than it was in the past

D. they think children don't need to experience things on their own

2.According to the survey,children nowadays______.

A. pay more attention to their safety

B. have less freedom than their parents' generation

C. grow up in a better environment

D. have no ability to ensure their own safety

3.What would be the best title of the passage?

A. Kids want the same freedom as their parents.

B. When can children have their freedom?

C. Why are children not allowed to sleep-over.

D. Fearful British parents keep kids closer than ever.

高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析

This is the main use that the scientists make______ natural resources.

A. in　　 　　　　　　 B. up of

C. from　　 　　　　　　 　 D. of

高三英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析

Scientists say they have used the gene-editing tool CRISPR to repair a person’s eyesight for the first time. The CRISPR tool makes it possible to change DNA to add needed genes or take some away if they lead to problems.

A patient recently had the procedure done for an inherited form of blindness. The operation took place at Oregon Health and Science University in Portland. “We literally have the potential to treat people who are essentially blind and make them see,” said Charles Albright. He is chief scientific officer at Editas Medicine in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Editas is one of the companies developing the treatment. Albright added, “We think it could open up a whole new set of medicines to go in and change your DNA.”

The people taking part in the study have a genetic condition that keeps the body from making a protein needed to turn light into signals to the brain, which leads to sight.

Scientists have found it difficult to treat the condition with usual gene therapy. So, they are aiming to edit or remove the mutation（突变）by making two cuts on either side of it. The hope is that the ends of DNA will reconnect and make the gene work as it should. Through a tube the width of a human hair, doctors put three drops of fluid containing the gene editing machinery just under the retina（视网膜）, which is the lining at the back of the eye that contains the light-sensing cells. Doctors believe they need to fix one-tenth to one-third of the cells to repair vision. In animal tests, scientists were able to correct half of the cells with the treatment, Albright said.

Some independent experts were hopeful about the new study. Dr. Kiran Musunuru is a gene-editing expert at the University of Pennsylvania. He said the treatment seems likely to work, based on tests in mice and monkeys. The gene editing tool stays in the eye and does not travel to other parts of the body. So, “If something goes wrong, the chance of harm is very small.” Musunuru said. “It makes for a good first step for doing gene editing in the body.”

1.Who can most possibly benefit from this new treatment?

A.Patients who are essentially color-blinded.

B.Patients who turn blind due to accidents or diseases.

C.Patients who are born with no ability to see.

D.Patients who lose their vision at a young age.

2.Which is Paragraph 4 mainly about?

A.The result of the treatment.

B.The theory of the treatment.

C.The difficulty of the treatment.

D.The disadvantage of traditional treatment.

3.What is likely to be discussed after the last paragraph?

A.The function of the gene-editing tool.

B.The limitation of the gene-editing tool.

C.The effect of the treatment on animals.

D.The research of the treatment on humans.

高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析

【改编】Australian scientists say an organic compound used by Indian women to paint dots or bindi on their foreheads could hold the key to a breakthrough in cancer treatment. Rose Bengal (玫瑰红)was first used in the early 1900s as a dye for food, textiles and cosmetics. But now it is proving to be a useful weapon in the fight against skin cancer.

Television advertisements constantly warn of the dangers of overexposure to the fierce sun. Among them is the possibility of the disease melanoma(黑瘤), a type of skin cancer. More than 1,200 Australians die every year from the disease.

Initial trials of a solution of Rose Bengal injected into some melanoma cells have had a 75 percent success rate in controlling the disease. Professor John Thompson, the director of the Melanoma Unit at the University of Sydney, says this organic dye could become a powerful cancer-fighting treatment.

“We believe it works by getting into the tumor(肿块) cells and causing them to self-destruct. But the exact mechanism by which it works is not totally clear. It’s not useful for people who have a primary melanoma. The treatment of primary melanoma is surgical excision(切除),”he said. “It’s useful to inject tumors for people who have recurrences; when the primary treatment has failed and when recurrence in the area, or at more distant sites has occurred.”

About 90 percent of Australians who develop melanoma survive thanks to early diagnosis and treatment. If left untreated, however, the disease can be fatal.

Convincing younger people in Australia about the dangers of overexposure to the sun is a battle campaigners are constantly waging.

Veronica Manock, a 21-year-old student, had two major operations to remove a cancerous tumor from her leg.

“I’ve had a lot of friends who just said ‘I thought it was just, you know, I’ll get a mole(痣) cut out and that’s it’, whereas I don’t think people realize how much danger they’re putting themselves into and how easy it is to stop something like this happening to you just from doing little things,”said Marock.

Other researchers in Australia are investigating genetic treatments to skin cancer. There is a pressing need for such research to produce effective treatments. Australians, the majority of whom are fair-skinned(浅肤色的), are four times more likely to develop a melanoma than people in Canada, the United States or Great Britain.

1.Which can be the best title of the passage?

A. Rose Bengal —the cause of skin cancer.

B. Rose Bengal —a tool to fight against skin cancer.

C. Skin cancer—the first killer.

D. Melanoma—the threat to health.

2.What does the underlined word “fatal” mean?

A. Curable.　　 B. Serious.　　 C. Deadly.　　 D. Self-healing.

3.From what Veronica Manock said , we can know _______.

A. people haven’t realized overexposure to the sun is dangerous

B. mole on the leg is dangerous.

C. people can do nothing to protect themselves from melanoma

D. nothing can be done to deal with the disease.

4.Who are likely to develop a melanoma?

A. Englishmen. B. Canadians.

C. Americans. D. Australians.

5.In which section of a newspaper does the passage possibly appear?

A. Economy. B. Agriculture. C. Health. D. Fashion.

高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析

The special knowledge is ______ through families, which means that new generations continue to use ancient methods to maintain the tradition.

A.taken down B.turned down C.stepped down D.passed down

高三英语单项填空简单题查看答案及解析