The 2013 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicin...

The 2013 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was _____ jointly (共同地) to James E. Rothman, Randy W. Schekman and Thomas C. Südhof for their discoveries of a major transport system in our cells.

A. awarded               B. rewarded             C. distributed            D. contributed

高三英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析

The 2013 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was _____ jointly (共同地) to James E. Rothman, Randy W. Schekman and Thomas C. Südhof for their discoveries of a major transport system in our cells.

A. awarded               B. rewarded             C. distributed            D. contributed

高三英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析

(The New York Times, Oct.7) The 2019 Nobel Prize in physiology(生理学) or medicine was jointly awarded to three scientists — William G. Kaelin Jr., Peter J. Ratcliffe and Gregg L. Semenza — for their work on how cells sense and adapt to oxygen availability. The Nobel Assembly announced the prize at the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm on Monday.

Their work established the genetic mechanisms(机制) that allow cells to respond to changes in oxygen levels. The findings have implications(启示) for treating a variety of diseases.

Why did they win?

“Oxygen is the lifeblood of living organisms(生物体),” said Dr. George Daley, dean of Harvard Medical School. “Without oxygen, cells can’t survive.” But too much or too little oxygen can be deadly. The three researchers tried to answer this question: How do cells regulate their responses?

The investigators uncovered detailed genetic responses to changing oxygen levels that allow cells in the bodies of humans and other animals to sense and respond to fluctuations(波动), increasing and decreasing how much oxygen they receive.

Why is the work important?

The discoveries reveal the cellular mechanisms that control such things as adaptation to high altitudes and how cancer cells manage to hijack(攫取) oxygen. Randall Johnson, a member of the Nobel Assembly, described the work as a “textbook discovery” and said it would be something students would start learning at the most basic levels of biology education.

“This is a basic aspect of how a cell works, and I think from that standpoint alone it’s a very exciting thing.” Johnson said.

The research also has implications for treating various diseases in which oxygen is in short supply — including anemia, heart attacks and strokes — as well as for treatment of cancers that are fed by and seek out oxygen.

1.This research has won the Nobel Prize mainly because ____________.

A.there was no research of this kind in the past

B.oxygen is the lifeblood of living things

C.it has uncovered how cells sense and respond to changes in oxygen levels

D.various diseases will be cured with the help of the findings of the research

2.We can learn from the passage that _____________.

A.The Nobel Prize was awarded to a physiologist on Monday in Sweden.

B.Cancer cells manage to hijack oxygen and need oxygen to develop.

C.The more oxygen there is in blood, the healthier a living body will be.

D.The genetic mechanisms have been found that allow oxygen to adapt to cells.

3.Which of the following can best explain the underlined word in the text?

A.used for textbooks B.powerful and authoritative

C.typical as a perfect example D.basic and clear

4.In which part of The New York Times can you find this article?

A.Entertainment B.Culture

C.Technology D.Science

高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析

Irish, Japanese, Chinese scientists share the 2015 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. William Campbell, Staoshi Omura and Tu Youyou jointly won the prize__1.__their work against diseases, the award-giving body said on Monday.

Campbell___2.___(bear) in Ireland and Japanese Omura won half of the prize for discovering a new drug, ___3.__ has helped the battle against river blindness, as well as showing __4.__(power) effect against other diseases.

The Chinese scientist Tu Youyou also discovered artemisinin(青嵩素), a drug that has ___5.__(sharp) reduced the death rate for patients ____6.__(suffer) from malaria(疟疾). She is also the first Chinese citizen __7.__(win) the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. The prize winning is __8.__honor for China’s science cause and traditional Chinese medicine.

“These two __9.___(discover) provide humankind with a new way to fight these diseases that affect hundreds of millions of people annually. The award for Tu Youyou is the result of major change in the way China performs scientific research. China __10.__(spend) a lot of money on such research over the past years,” a member of the Nobel committee said.

高三英语语法填空中等难度题查看答案及解析

Chinese scientist Tu Youyou on October 5 won the Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine amongst a trio for discovering parasite therapies(寄生虫疗法). 85-year-old Tu is awarded this world-renowned prize for her contribution to reducing the death rate of malaria, minimizing patients’ suffering and promoting mankind’s health. This is what science is all about.

Tu’s finding has saved millions’ lives during the 40 years. This also proves the value of her research product. The reward is never too late in that aspect. The moment of joy and satisfaction came when she discovered the artemisinin( 青蒿素) after all kinds of failures in experiments.

As the first Chinese mainland Nobel Prize Winner of natural science award, Tu’s winning completely surprised Chinese people, who have long been wondering when the first Chinese Nobel laureate in natural science would appear.

Let’s backtrack to 40 years ago. Tu accomplished the breakthrough findings without access to any advanced equipment, communication with outside world and papers to research. However, over the 40 years, improvements and innovations have transformed everything. Nowadays, Chinese scientists have the passion to invent. As Premiere Li Keqiang mentioned in his letter, “Tu’s winning the prize signifies China’s prosperity and progress in scientific and technological field”.

Tu’s record-breaking winning serves as a reminder to those who are too eager for instant success. Science is never about instant success. There is no way to measure how much you spend on scientific research and compare it with how much reward you get.

1. Which magazine this passage may be mostly selected from?

A. The Times　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 B. Science Fiction

C. Fortune　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 D. National Geography

2.Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?

A. Science is just about the cure of the disease for mankind.

B. Tu is the first Chinese to win the Nobel Prize of natural science award.

C. Tu’s achievements tell us that victory doesn’t come in one day.

D. Tu made the breakthrough in discovering the artemisinin with advanced technology.

3.What does this passage mainly talk about?

A. Tu’s experience has made her way up to the Nobel Prize.

B. China displays its strength in Traditional Chinese Medicine.

C. Tu honors us Chinese by winning the Nobel Prize.

D. We should not expect to succeed in a short period of time.

高三英语阅读理解简单题查看答案及解析

阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

Tu Yoyo，84，was 1. (honor)with the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine on Oct 5．She was the first Chinese citizen 2. win a Nobel Prize in science．Tu 3. (share)the prize with the Irish-born William Campbell and Satoshi Omura of Japan．

Tu 4.(be)a researcher at the China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine now．She was given the prize for developing artemisinin(青蒿素)，a new drug therapy against malaria(疟疾)， 5. has saved millions of lives worldwide，especially in developing countries．

Tu and her colleagues joined a government project to find a new malaria drug 6. the late 1960s．They made 380 herbal extracts from two thousand recipes from traditional Chinese medical books．In 1971，after nearly two hundred 7.(failure)，Tu’s team 8. (find)found an extract that was 100％effective against the malaria parasites—artemisinin．In 2001．the World Health Organization made artemisinin 9. (it)first choice in the treatment of malaria．

“The discovery of artemisinin is a gift to mankind from traditional Chinese medicine．It’s the collective achievement of the research team. 10. (win)the prize is an honor for Chinese science and traditional Chinese medicine，”Tu said．

高三英语语法填空中等难度题查看答案及解析

FIVE Americans swept the three Nobel Prizes in Physics, Chemistry, Physiology (生理学) or Medicine last week. It was the first American sweep of the Nobel science prizes since 1983.

It’s rare for Americans not to receive any of the science prizes, especially in recent years. In 2004, seven Americans were among the 10 laureates (获奖者) for the science prizes. Last year, the figure was five out of 10.

The huge sums of money invested in scientific research is one factor that has helped many Americans to win awards. Another reason is the vast number of researchers working in the US. American universities also often have a more “creative university environment”where people can focus on research for a long period without any pressure, said Anders Liljas, member of the Nobel Committee.

New hope for AIDS patients?

AMERICAN scientists Craig Mello (top) of the University of Massachusetts Medical School and Andrew Fire (above) of Stanford University School of Medicine won the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine last Monday. Their discovery is a process that researchers hope to use to silence disease-causing genes (基因). It offers new ways for disease treatment.

Scientists now hope to develop a new technique that could be used to treat diseases, such as cancers, AIDS and Parkinson’s disease.

Like father, like son?

AS the son of a Nobel Prize winning professor, Roger D. Kornberg (left) had a lot to live up to. But, nearly half a century after his father, won his award, Kornberg, 59, a Stanford University professor, won his own last Wednesday: The Nobel Prize in Chemistry. His research into how cells read their genes is very important. It could help lead to the development of new drugs to fight cancer (癌症), heart disease and other illnesses, experts said.

First light of the universe

TWO Americans won the Nobel Prize in Physics last Tuesday for measuring the oldest light in the heavens. It is considered as “one of the greatest discoveries of the century”. It convinced (使确信) scientists that the Big Bang theory (大爆炸理论) of the universe’s origin is correct. George F. Smoot (top), 61, of Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory in Berkeley, and John C. Mather (above), 60, of NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Centre, will share the US$1.4 million prize for their work. Beginning in 1989, they measured weak light that originated (源于) as early as 380,000 years after the Big Bang.

1.What does the underlined word “swept” in Paragraph 1 mean ?

A. cleaned by brushing B. crossed completely

C. spread quickly　　　　 D. took each of the winning

2. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

A. Craig Mello and Andrew Fire have found the way to cure cancers, AIDS and Parkinson’s disease.

B. Roger D. Kornberg’s father once won a Nobel Prize.

C. George F. Smoot will get US$1.4 million prize for his work.

D. Roger D. Kornberg is the youngest of the Nobel Prize owners of this time.

3.The passage is probably taken from________.

A. a science report　　　　　　　　　　　　 B. a news report

C. a history lecture　　　　　　　　　　 D. an advertisement

高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析

阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（不多于1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。

Tu Yoyo，84，　 1.　 (honor)with the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine on Oct 5．She was the first Chinese citizen 2.　 (win) a Nobel Prize in science．Tu 3. (share)the prize with the Irish-born William Campbell and Satoshi Omura of Japan．

Tu is a researcher at the China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine now．She was given the prize for　 4.　 (develop) artemisinin(青蒿素)，a new drug therapy against malaria(疟疾)， 5.　 has saved millions of lives worldwide，especially in developing countries．

Tu and her colleagues joined a government project to find a new malaria drug 6.　 the late 1960s．They made 380 herbal extracts from two thousand recipes from traditional Chinese medical books．In 1971，after nearly two hundred 7.　　 (failure)，Tu’s team 8.　 　 (final)found an extract that was 100％effective against the malaria parasites—artemisinin．In 2001．the World Health Organization made artemisinin 9. (it)first choice in the treatment of malaria．

“The discovery of artemisinin is a gift to mankind from traditional Chinese medicine．It’s the collective achievement of the research team. Winning the prize is 10.　 honor for Chinese science and traditional Chinese medicine，”　 Tu said．

高三英语语法填空中等难度题查看答案及解析

Too Much Happiness was written by Alice Munro，winner of the 2013 Nobel Prize in Literature，one of our greatest contemporary writers of fiction and the owner of the Man Booker Price for Fiction．Her stories have appeared in The New Yorker，The Atlantic Monthly，and other publications，and her collections have been translated into thirteen languages．

The main character is Sophia Kovalevsky，a great Russian mathematician，writer and advocator拥护者）of women’s rights in the late nineteenth century. After visiting her lover Maxsim Kovalevsky in Riviera，she travels in Europe，ending up in Sweden，where she teaches at the only university in Europe willing to employ a female mathematician．The book writes about her journey from Riviera to Sweden．

The story tells the typical struggle of an intellectual（知识分子）woman to achieve success and happiness．However，when she is going to die，Sophia says“too much happiness”．I think it’s irony（讽*11的）．As reading the story，she has too many mental problems·First，as a woman mathematician，she was born in a wrong time ．She was married to Vladimir Kovalevsky without love，called“a white marriage”．She explained that“no a young Russian woman who was unmarried could leave the country．”She satisfied her marriage to seek her career．

Furthermore，when she sees a man look like Maxsim in the station，she says to herself，“of course，it would not be Maxsim，what could he be doing in Paris？”She doesn’t want to face the fact because she doesn’t want to lose her hope．She believes they will marry in spring．And in her letter to Julia she says：“it is to be happiness after all，happiness after all．Happiness．”She is cheating herself. In fact，the man does not want to marry her，and the happiness she expected doesn’t take place at all．

Finally, I conclude that the end must be a tragedy（悲剧）．From the very first pages the atmosphere is gloomy黯淡的）and threatening.“One of us will die this year.”“Because we have gone walking in a graveyard（墓地）on the first day of the New Year.”Some pages further，“a black cat across their path”all reflect it will be a bad ending．Not because she had some problems with her lung，but because her life does not bring her happiness，and because of these disharmony things that happen in her life．

1.We can infer from the passage that＿＿·

A．Sophia was born in a wrong time and was mentally ill

B．women were not fairly treated in Europe in Sophia’s time

C．Sophia loved travelling around Europe to meet `different people

D．unmarried women were forbidden to learn mathematics at that time

2.The underlined phrase“the fact”in Paragraph 4 most probably refers to the fact that

A．her husband refuses to divorce B．she can’t teach in university

C．she falls in love with Maxsim D．Maxsim doesn’t want to marry her

3.Why does the author name this book Too Much Happiness？

A．It is used to suggest that the story must be a comedy．

B．It’s a phrase repeatedly used by Sophia herself to her friend．

C．It’s used in an ironic way to show that Sophia isn’t happy at all．

D．It’s to show Sophia is very happy to achieve success in her career．

4.What can we conclude from Sophia’s experience？

A．It’s hard for an educated woman to achieve success in Europe at that time．

B．Russian women were not allowed to go abroad without a white marriage．

C．Married women could travel freely across Europe in the late nineteenth century．

D．Seeing a black cat across the path would bring people to death in the end．

5.In a newspaper，this passage is most probably in the section of____．

A. Entertainment B. Travel C．Career D. Culture

高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析

(2013·高考安徽卷)Mo Yan was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2012，________ made one of the Chinese people’s long­held dreams come true.

A．it　　     B．that

C．what　     D．which

高三英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析