A new study explores the custom of tipping in the United States. Many Americans give tips to people who perform a job for them, especially workers in the service industry. They pay a little extra to people cutting their hair, driving them across town or serving them a meal at a restaurant.
The researchers found that men give bigger tips to restaurant workers than women. And people who live in the northern US are more generous with tips than those living in the South. People who earn $ 50, 000 or more a year give bigger tips than those who earn less than $50, 000. There is one likely reason: the wealthier Americans have more money to spend.
Michael Lynn is a professor of consumer behavior and marketing at the Cornell University School of Hotel Administration in New York. In other words, he knows a lot about the issue of tipping. In earlier surveys, Lynn said he found mixed results on the generosity of men and women when it comes to tipping. In some studies, men gave bigger tips than women. In others, women gave more money.
Lynn’s own research in American restaurants found that men give bigger tips when the restaurant server is a woman and women give more when the server is a man. Tips are very important to service employees. People who work at restaurants often get most of their earnings from tips.
Nationwide, Americans generally tip between 15 to 20 percent at restaurants and leave from $2 to S 10 a day for the people who clean their hotel rooms. Tips of 15 percent of the reading on the meter (计价器) are also common for people who drive taxis.
But here is something to keep in mind. If you are able to give the person serving you a tip or a bigger one than what is expected, your generosity will be welcome. Many service workers do not make much money, and even an extra dollar or two can make a difference in their lives.
1.What is paragraph I mainly about?
A. A study in a restaurant. B. A job offering a lot of tips.
C. The service industry in the US. D. The custom of tipping in the US.
2.What is Lynn’s finding in American restaurants?
A. People give more tips to the opposite sex server.
B. People are always more generous to service employers.
C. Men give the same tips to the women restaurant servers as women.
D. Men always give more tips to the men restaurant servers than women.
3.How much tips do Americans generally pay if the reading on the taximeter is $100?
A. $2. B. $10.
C. $15. D. $20.
4.What is the authors attitude towards tipping?
A. Doubtful. B. Critical.
C. Uncaring. D. Supportive.
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题
A new study explores the custom of tipping in the United States. Many Americans give tips to people who perform a job for them, especially workers in the service industry. They pay a little extra to people cutting their hair, driving them across town or serving them a meal at a restaurant.
The researchers found that men give bigger tips to restaurant workers than women. And people who live in the northern US are more generous with tips than those living in the South. People who earn $ 50, 000 or more a year give bigger tips than those who earn less than $50, 000. There is one likely reason: the wealthier Americans have more money to spend.
Michael Lynn is a professor of consumer behavior and marketing at the Cornell University School of Hotel Administration in New York. In other words, he knows a lot about the issue of tipping. In earlier surveys, Lynn said he found mixed results on the generosity of men and women when it comes to tipping. In some studies, men gave bigger tips than women. In others, women gave more money.
Lynn’s own research in American restaurants found that men give bigger tips when the restaurant server is a woman and women give more when the server is a man. Tips are very important to service employees. People who work at restaurants often get most of their earnings from tips.
Nationwide, Americans generally tip between 15 to 20 percent at restaurants and leave from $2 to S 10 a day for the people who clean their hotel rooms. Tips of 15 percent of the reading on the meter (计价器) are also common for people who drive taxis.
But here is something to keep in mind. If you are able to give the person serving you a tip or a bigger one than what is expected, your generosity will be welcome. Many service workers do not make much money, and even an extra dollar or two can make a difference in their lives.
1.What is paragraph I mainly about?
A. A study in a restaurant. B. A job offering a lot of tips.
C. The service industry in the US. D. The custom of tipping in the US.
2.What is Lynn’s finding in American restaurants?
A. People give more tips to the opposite sex server.
B. People are always more generous to service employers.
C. Men give the same tips to the women restaurant servers as women.
D. Men always give more tips to the men restaurant servers than women.
3.How much tips do Americans generally pay if the reading on the taximeter is $100?
A. $2. B. $10.
C. $15. D. $20.
4.What is the authors attitude towards tipping?
A. Doubtful. B. Critical.
C. Uncaring. D. Supportive.
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
A study published in the journal Science reveals that since 1970, bird populations in the United States and Canada have declined by 29 percent, or almost 3 billion birds. The results show tremendous losses across diverse groups of birds and habitats — from iconic songsters such as meadowlarks to long-distance migrants such as swallows.
“These data are consistent with what we’re seeing elsewhere,” said co-author Peter Marra, former head of the Smithsonian Migratory Bird Center. It’s urgent to address ongoing threats, both because the domino effects (多米诺效应) can lead to the decay of ecosystems that humans depend on for our own health and livelihoods and because people all over the world cherish birds in their own right. Can you imagine a world without birdsong?”
Evidence for the declines emerged from detection of migratory birds in the air from 143 NEXRAD weather radar stations across the continent in a period spanning over 10 years, as well as from nearly 50 years of data collected through multiple monitoring efforts on the ground. Citizen-science participants also contributed a lot, for the analysis included citizen-science data from the North American Breeding Bird Survey coordinated by the Canadian Wildlife Service—the main sources of long-term, large-scale population data for North American birds.
The study noted that the largest factor driving these declines is likely the widespread loss and degradation of habitat, especially due to agricultural intensification and urbanization. Other studies have documented death from predation (捕食) by domestic cats; collisions with glass, buildings, and other structures; and pervasive (普遍的) use of pesticides associated with widespread declines in insects, an essential food source for birds. Climate change is expected to compound these challenges by altering habitats and threatening plant communities that birds need to survive.
“It’s a wake-up call that we’ve lost more than a quarter of our birds in the U.S. and Canada,” said co-author Adam Smith from Environment and Climate Change Canada. But the crisis reaches far beyond our individual borders. Many of the birds that breed in Canadian backyards migrate through or spend the winter in the U.S. and places farther south — from Mexico and the Caribbean to Central and South America. What our birds need now is an historic, hemispheric effort that unites people and organizations with one common goal: bringing our birds back.”
1.The underlined word “decay” in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ________
A.improvement B.worsening
C.changed D.threat
2.What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about?
A.New findings of the research.
B.Applications of the research.
C.Data sources of the research.
D.Methods of the research.
3.What Adam Smith said mainly implies that ________.
A.bird populations in America and Canada dropped by a quarter
B.the bird population crisis is not just within individual borders
C.there is little individuals can do to help increase bird populations
D.the solution to solving the crisis needs international cooperation
高三英语阅读理解简单题查看答案及解析
It is quite apparent that competition surrounds every aspect of human life whether in the United States or the Amazon rainforest. Without it we would not have grown into primates (灵长类动物) . Or we would probably still be struggling to sharpen a bronze tool while crawling around on four legs in search of meat. Without competition, Columbus wouldn’t have discovered America and Edison would never have invented the light bulb.
Friendship, like all relationships between two people, involves competition. It isn’t competition in a traditional sense because there are no goals to be scored and no prize. Perhaps the ecological definition --- the simultaneous (同时) demand by two or more organisms for limited environmental resources, such as nutrinents, living space, or light --- better explains it.
As in nature, high school life is governed by a set of laws, similar to a shortened version of Darwin’s theory of evolution, overpopulation, and competition. There is an abundance of high school students and to distinguish them, ranking and categorizing (分类) take place. In high school, friendships learn to coexist with competition even though at times the relationship is rough. In fact, in some circumstance, competition is too much of a burden for a friendship to bear, causing it to fall apart. College admission is the final high school objective. Four years of hard work is to achieve good grades, and a student’s fate is determined not only by these achievements, but by the records of thousands of other seniors trying to achieve a similar recognition.
Nevertheless, by necessity, competition between students exists in all aspects of high school life. It sets and improves the standards in everything from sports to schoolwork. A healthy, friendly competition can have only benefits, but when it becomes too fierce, jealousy (妒忌) can tear friendships apart. Yet, despite all this, without competition, we would be lost.
1.What does the ecological definition mainly explain?
A. How to win the competition. B. What competition exactly is.
C. What the result of competition is. D. How friends compete with each other.
2.According to the writer, what causes the high school students to compete?
A. They know the laws of nature well. B. Friendship is a burden for them.
C. The number of them is too large. D. They are divided into different groups.
3.Which best describes the relationship of friendship and competition?
A. Friendship is always based on competition.
B. Competition is a result of lost friendship.
C. Competition is terribly harmful to friendships.
D. The degree of competition is vital to friendship.
4.What does the author think of “competition”?
A. Competition is certain to happen at school.
B. The result of competition are out of control.
C. Competition becomes fierce in high school.
D. Friendship is not as important as competition at school.
高三英语阅读理解困难题查看答案及解析
Drinking a lot of water does not do any good to the body, according to two experts in the United States. In fact, they warn, drinking too much water could be, in certain cases, harmful.
In a study, Dr Stanly Goldfarb and Dr Dan Negoianu, both of the Renal, Electrolyte and Hypertension Division at the University of Pensylvania, the United States, have denied the popular belief that drinking a lot of water clears body toxins(毒素)better, improves skin, and helps reduce weight.
Dr Goldfarb and Dr Negoianu say that they found little proof to back the public opinion that drinking 8 glasses of water every day benefits health. At the same time, they fond little proof of harm in drinking 8 glasses of water every day.
It is widely believed that in some cases-such as athletes, people who live in hot, dry environments, and those with certain medical conditions-drinking a lot of water indeed helps, but no studies have been done to prove the benefits of this practice in average, healthy people, the website medheadlines.com reports.
The study at the University of Pennsylvania also examined reports that some people experienced increased headaches when their consumption(消耗)of water was low. In one small study, which the doctors reviewed, the group drinking the most water reported fewer headaches than the control group, “but the difference in the number of headaches was o small between the two groups as to be considered unimportant.”
The researchers concluded that there is no scientific proof to support that average, healthy people need to drink at least 8 glasses of water each each day.
The website medheadines.com says that, according to an Indian doctor, drinking too much water is harmful. If water enters the body more quickly than it can be removed, problems can occur.
1.What’s the key message delivered in the passage?
A.Drinking too much water might bring harm. |
B.Whether to drink enough water makes no difference. |
C.Drinking too much water may cause headaches. |
D.Average, healthy people should drink more water. |
2.We can learn from the passage that 8 glasses of water every day_______ .
A.proves good for the body | B.has scientific proof of harm |
C.is sure to reduce headaches | D.is generally considered necessary |
3.Who may agree that drinking lots of water helps to lose weight?
A.The two experts. | B.The Indian doctor. |
C.The general public. | D.The website. |
4.According to the passage, we know that_______.
A.the website medheadlnes.com is developed by an Indian doctor |
B.the study was carried out by two experts with an Indian doctor |
C.the two experts performed the study at the University of Pennsylvania |
D.drinking 8 glasses of water every day can cure certain diseases |
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
Drinking a lot of water does not do any good to the body, according to two experts in the United States. In fact, they warn, drinking too much water could be, in certain Cases, harmful.
In a study, Dr Stanly Goldfarb and Dr Dan Negoianu, both of the Renal, Electrolyte and Hypertension Division at the University of Pennsylvania, the United States, have denied the popular belief that drinking a lot of water clears body toxins (毒素) better, improves skin, and helps reduce weight.
Dr Goldfarb and Dr Negoianu say that they found little proof to support the public opinion that drinking 8 glasses of water every day benefits health. At the same time, they found little proof of harm in drinking 8 glasses of water every day.
It is widely believed that in some cases — such as athletes, people who live in hot, dry environments, and those with certain medical conditions — drinking a lot of water indeed helps, but no studies have been done to prove the benefits of this practice in average, healthy people, the website medheadlines. com reports.
The study at the University of Pennsylvania also examined reports that some people experienced increased headaches when their consumption of water was low. In one small study, which the doctors reviewed, the group drinking the most water reported fewer headaches than the control group, “but the difference in the number of headaches was so small between the two groups as to be considered unimportant.”
The researchers concluded that there is no scientific proof to support that average, healthy people need to drink at least 8 glasses of water each day.
The website medheadlines. com says that, according to an Indian doctor, drinking too much water is harmful. If water enters the body more quickly than it can be removed, problems can occur.
1. What’s the key message delivered in the passage?
A. Drinking too much water might bring harm.
B. Whether to drink enough water makes no difference.
C. Drinking too much water may cause headaches.
D. Average, healthy people should drink more water.
2. We can learn from the passage that 8 glasses of water every day ________.
A. proves good for the body B. has scientific proof of harm
C. is sure to reduce headaches D. is generally considered necessary
3. Who may agree that drinking lots of water helps to lose weight?
A. Two experts. B. General public.
C. An Indian doctor. D. A website.
4. According to the passage, we know that ________.
A. the website medheadlines. com is developed by an Indian doctor
B. the study was carried out by two experts with an Indian doctor
C. the two experts performed the study at the University of Pennsylvania
D. drinking 8 glasses of water every day can cure certain diseases
高三英语阅读理解简单题查看答案及解析
March 22, 2011---Most restaurants in the United States offer their customers a glass of tap water at no charge with their meal, but this week many restaurants are asking dinners to pay a dollar, or more, for a glass of water. Cards on their tables explain that this small amount helps bring clean water to children around the world. It’s called the UNICEF Tap Project.
“UNICEF’s Tap Project is really all about bringing attention to the fact that over 900 million people around the globe do not have access to good, clean, healthy drinking water,” says Cary Stem, who heads the US Fund for UNICEF. She adds that water-borne illness is the second-highest cause of preventable childhood death in the world.
“Each and every day approximately 4,100 children die just because they don’t have that access - 4,100 every single day.”
The public service campaign encourages people to help change that statistic with a simple, affordable action: paying a dollar to get a glass of tap water at a restaurant.
“One dollar buys enough good, clean water for a child for 40 days,” Stem says.
“The tap project has expanded since it began five years ago with 300 restaurants in New York City. This year, Stem says, about 3,000 restaurants across the country are participating in the campaign. We raised about $2.5 million over the last five years of this campaign,” says Stem. “Last year, we raised over $1 million for the first time. This year we’re hoping to top that.”
Stem credits the continued success of the campaign to an army of volunteers who support the tap project and raise money in their communities.
The UNICEF Tap Project is promoting its efforts with a simple motto: when you take water, give water. Currently, UNICEF works in more than 100 countries around the world to improve access to safe water and sanitation facilities in schools and communities.
Stem hopes that, by participating in the project, more Americans will realize that what they often take for granted is a precious and scarce resource in many other parts of the world.
1.Restaurants began to charge for tap water to _______.
A. increase their profit
B. urge customers to save water
C. raise people’s awareness of the world water problem
D. collect money for those without access to safe water
2.We can learn from the text that the Tap Project ________.
A. began in New York City
B. was started by volunteers
C. is hoping to collect $2.5 million this year
D. provides help for 1,000 countries in the world
3.It can be learned that _______.
A. the Tap Project began in 2006
B. America suffers a serious problem
C. 4,100 children die of water pollution every year
D. water-borne illnesses are the biggest killer of children
4.How does Cary Stem feel about the work of the Tap Project?
A. Concerned B. Hopeful C. Disappointed D. Angry
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
March 22, 20II---Most restaurants in the United States offer their customers a glass of tap water at no charge with their meal, but this week many restaurants are asking dinners to pay a dollar, or more, for a glass of water. Cards on their tables explain that this small amount helps bring clean water to children around the world. It’s called the UNICEF Tap Project.
“UNICEF’s Tap Project is really all about bringing attention to the fact that over 900 million people around the globe do not have access to good, clean, healthy drinking water,” says Cary Stem, who heads the US Fund for UNICEF. She adds that water-borne illness is the second-highest cause of preventable childhood death in the world.
“Each and every day approximately 4,100 children die just because they don’t have that access - 4,100 every single day.”
The public service campaign encourages people to help change that statistic with a simple, affordable action: paying a dollar to get a glass of tap water at a restaurant.
“One dollar buys enough good, clean water for a child for 40 days,” Stem says.
“The tap project has expanded since it began five years ago with 300 restaurants in New York City. This year, Stem says, about 3,000 restaurants across the country are participating in the campaign. We raised about $2.5 million over the last five years of this campaign,” says Stem. “Last year, we raised over $1 million for the first time. This year we’re hoping to top that.”
Stem credits the continued success of the campaign to an army of volunteers who support the tap project and raise money in their communities.
The UNICEF Tap Project is promoting its efforts with a simple motto: when you take water, give water. Currently, UNICEF works in more than 100 countries around the world to improve access to safe water and sanitation facilities in schools and communities.
Stem hopes that, by participating in the project, more Americans will realize that what they often take for granted is a precious and scarce resource in many other parts of the world.
1.Restaurants began to charge for tap water to _______.
A. increase their profit
B. urge customers to save water
C. raise people’s awareness of the world water problem
D. collect money for those without access to safe water
2.We can learn from the text that the Tap Project ________.
A. began in New York City
B. was started by volunteers
C. is hoping to collect $2.5 million this year
D. provides help for 1,000 countries in the world
3.It can be learned that _______.
A. the Tap Project began in 2006
B. America suffers a serious problem
C. 4,100 children die of water pollution every year
D. water-borne illnesses are the biggest killer of children
4.How does Cary Stem feel about the work of the Tap Project?
A. Concerned B. Hopeful C. Disappointed D. Angry
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
As in the field of space travel, new technologies continue to appear in undersea exploration.They share a number of similarities with each other — as well as some important differences.
Manned submersibles (潜水器), like spaceships, must maintain living conditions in an unnatural environment.While a spaceship must simply be sealed against the vacuum space, a submersible must be able to bear extreme pressure if it is not to break up in deep water.
In exploring space, unmanned vehicles were employed before astronauts.In undersea exploration, on the other hand, men paved the way, and only recently have unmanned remote-operated vehicles (ROVs) been put to use.
One reason for this is that communicating with vehicles in orbit is much easier than talking to those underwater.A vacuum is an ideal medium for radio communications, but underwater communications are limited to much slower sound waves.Thus, most undersea vehicles — particularly ROVs — operate at the end of long ropes.(电缆终端)
For a similar reason, knowing where you are undersea is much more difficult than in space.A spaceship’s position can be located by following its radio signal, or by using telescopes and radar.For an undersea vehicle, however, a special network of sonar (声纳系统)devices must be laid out in advance on the ocean floor in the area of a dive to locate the vehicle’s position.
Though undersea exploration is more challenging than outer space in a number of respects, it has a distinct advantage: going to the ocean depths doesn’t require the power necessary to escape Earth’s gravity.Thus, it remains far less expensive.
1.The purpose of the passage is ______.
A.to persuade you to explore the depths of the ocean
B.to stress the importance of the undersea exploration
C.to make you believe that the undersea exploration is better
D.to tell some differences between two kinds of explorations
2.By saying “men paved the way” in Paragraph 2 the author means that in undersea exploration ______.
A.unmanned vehicles were used in the beginning
B.men covered the ocean floor with stones and bricks
C.manned vehicles were employed before unmanned ones
D.men invented unmanned remote-operated vehicles in the past
3.The sonar devices must be placed ______.
A.from time to time
B.after the undersea vehicles dive
C.before the undersea vehicles dive
D.when the undersea vehicles are diving
4.What can we infer from the passage?
A.Submersibles usually break up in deep water.
B.Undersea vehicles can receive signals immediately.
C.Going to space needs power to escape the gravity.
D.Radio communications are quite difficult in a vacuum.
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
As in the field of space travel, new technologies continue to appear in undersea exploration. They share a number of similarities with each other — as well as some important differences.
Manned submersibles (潜水器), like spaceships, must maintain living conditions in an unnatural environment. While a spaceship must simply be sealed against the vacuum space, a submersible must be able to bear extreme pressure if it is not to break up in deep water.
In exploring space, unmanned vehicles were employed before astronauts. In undersea exploration, on the other hand, men paved the way, and only recently have unmanned remote-operated vehicles (ROVs) been put to use.
One reason for this is that communicating with vehicles in orbit is much easier than talking to those underwater. A vacuum is an ideal medium for radio communications, but underwater communications are limited to much slower sound waves. Thus, most undersea vehicles — particularly ROVs — operate at the end of long ropes.(电缆终端)
For a similar reason, knowing where you are undersea is much more difficult than in space. A spaceship’s position can be located by following its radio signal, or by using telescopes and radar. For an undersea vehicle, however, a special network of sonar (声纳系统)devices must be laid out in advance on the ocean floor in the area of a dive to locate the vehicle’s position.
Though undersea exploration is more challenging than outer space in a number of respects, it has a distinct advantage: going to the ocean depths doesn’t require the power necessary to escape Earth’s gravity. Thus, it remains far less expensive.
1.The purpose of the passage is ______.
A.to persuade you to explore the depths of the ocean |
B.to stress the importance of the undersea exploration |
C.to make you believe that the undersea exploration is better |
D.to tell some differences between two kinds of explorations |
2. By saying “men paved the way” in Paragraph 2 the author means that in undersea exploration ______.
A.unmanned vehicles were used in the beginning |
B.men covered the ocean floor with stones and bricks |
C.manned vehicles were employed before unmanned ones |
D.men invented unmanned remote-operated vehicles in the past |
3.The sonar devices must be placed ______.
A.from time to time |
B.after the undersea vehicles dive |
C.before the undersea vehicles dive |
D.when the undersea vehicles are diving |
4.What can we infer from the passage?
A.Submersibles usually break up in deep water. |
B.Undersea vehicles can receive signals immediately. |
C.Going to space needs power to escape the gravity. |
D.Radio communications are quite difficult in a vacuum. |
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
Many thousands of Chinese are studying at schools in the United States. And writer Liel Leibovitz says the students are following an example that began in the eighteen seventies.
Mr. Leibovitz and writer Matthew Miller joined forces to tell the story of the students in their book, “Fortunate Sons.” The book says China sent one hundred and twenty boys from 1872 to 1875 to America to learn about developments that could help modernize their country.
Mr. Leibovitz got the idea for the book about the boys a few years ago when he was traveling with his wife in China.
Mr. Leibovitz learned that Qing government sent a whole delegation (代表团) of boys to learn the ways of the West. The goal was for them to return to China and help their country.
The book says the boys received their American training in Massachusetts, New York, New Jersey and Connecticut. It must have been a very good education. Mr. Leibovitz says the first prime minister of the Chinese Republic completed this program. And so did the first engineer to build a large-scale railroad without foreign help. The same was true of the fathers of Chinese education, diplomacy and the Navy.
The book-writers had only to open some boxes containing the writings of these men to learn about them. Their notebooks, Journals, letters and postcards were in English. Mr. Leibovitz said he was lucky to have so much information from events that took place long ago.
The students returned to China after about nine years. They no longer spoke Mandarin (国语) well enough to answer questions. Police welcomed them home by putting them in jail. The young men were released after about a week. But they were given low-level jobs.
Mr Leibovitz says it took about ten years for them to rise to higher positions. He said their story continues today with large numbers of Chinese studying in the United States.
1.How many exchange children did Qing government send to America?
A. 1872. B. 1875.
C. 120. D. 210.
2.Qing government sent the boys to America because it .
A. wanted them to help their country
B. lost the war
C. expected them to destroy the culture of the West
D. wanted the Western to help the boys
3.Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?
A. Many thousands of Chinese are studying at schools in America.
B. Some of the boys received their American training in California.
C. Police welcomed the boys home by putting them in jail.
D. One of the boys became the father of Chinese education.
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析