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It is time for students to sell such things as chocolate bars and greeting cards to raise money for their school, class or club. It is inevitable that they will knock on your door and you will easily hand over your cash for overpriced items that you really do not want. That is okay, though, because there are many reasons why children should be allowed to raise money for their schools and clubs.
Fundraising（募集资金） is a great way to help children learn social skills. It is not easy to go up to a complete stranger and ask him for his money. They have to nicely ask for help, show the interested buyer what they have to offer and explain how it will help them in school. If someone refuses to buy an item, that child has to take the failure in stride(不特别费力地), and that is a learning lesson as well.
Students can learn how to deal with money by fundraising. Of course, it might seem safer for us to take charge of our children’s earnings from their fundraising before it is turned into the school. However, by making them keep track of it, count it, and make sure everyone pays the right amount, they are learning an important lesson. Dealing with money is important to know about when they are older.
Fundraising helps improve their schools. It is the children’s school. They have to learn there and grow there. Why not let them help in making it a better place?
Fundraising allows for more life experiences for the child. The raised money is used towards things like parties, trips, or for the music club to go to see a Broadway play. The children receive the rewards for their hard work at raising the money. Without fundraising, these field trips and special school memories would be missed.
In a word, fundraising helps children a lot in many ways.
1.The underlined word “inevitable” in the first paragraph means “_______”.
A. 不可能的 B. 不恰当的 C. 不可避免的 D. 不现实的
2.One of the important indications that children are grown up is that __________.
A. children can deal with money
B. children learn to care for others
C. children make a date with friends of the other sex
D. children like to make up
3.The author thinks that fundraising _______.
A. adds to the family’s burden B. wastes the learning time
C. helps to develop the children’s character D. builds up the children’s bodies
4.Which of the following shows the structure of the passage?
CP: Central point P: Point Sp: Sub-point（次要点） C: Conclusion
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（6）阅读理解
It is time for students to sell such things as chocolate bars and greeting cards to raise money for their school, class or club. It is inevitable that they will knock on your door and you will easily hand ever your cash for overpriced items that you really do not want. That is okay, though, because there are many reasons why children should be allowed to raise money for their schools and clubs.
Fundraising(自筹资金) is a great way to help children learn social skills. It is not easy to go up to a complete stranger and ask them for their money. They have to nicely ask for help, show the interested buyer what they have to offer and explain how it will help them in school. If someone refuses to buy an item, that child has to take the failure in stride（从容处理）, and that is a learning lesson as well.
Students can learn how to deal with money by fundraising. Of course, it might seem safer for us to take charge of our children’s earnings from their fundraising before it is turned in to the school. However, by making them keep track of it, count it, and make sure everyone pays the right amount, they are learning an important lesson. Dealing with money is important to know about when they are older.
Fundraising helps improve their schools. It is the child’s school. They have to learn there and grow there. Why not let them help in making it a better place? When one of our local schools lacked funding for sports, the students and parents joined hands to raise that money needed. When they succeeded, they felt they accomplished something important.
Fundraising allows for more life experiences for the child. Most fundraising is done for individual classes and clubs. The raised money is used towards things like parties, trips. The children receive the rewards for their hard work at raising the money. Without fundraising, these field trips and special school memories would be missed.
In a word, fundraising helps children a lot in many ways.
1. We can infer that the author is probably a .
A. manager B. student C. parent D. officer
2. What is the main idea of this passage?
A. Children should be allowed to fundraise.
B. Fundraising is good for both families and children.
C. Children should learn to deal with money.
D. Children should be taught how to fundraise.
3. Which of the following is not the benefits of fundraising by students?
A. It’s a good way to gain social skills for students.
B. Students can master the skills in financing through it.
C. It can help students get high mark at school.
D. It gives students many valuable life experiences.
4. The author thinks that fundraising .
A. adds to the family’s burden B. wastes the learning time
C. cultivates the children’s character D. builds up the children’s bodies
5. Which of the following shows the structure of the passage?
CP: Central point P: Point Sp: Sub-point(次要点) C: Conclusion
A
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It may help you to know that there is no such thing as a perfect speech. As some point in every speech, every speaker says something that is not understood exactly as he has planned. Fortunately, such moments are usually not obvious to the listeners. Why? Because the listeners do not know what the speaker plans to say. They hear only what the speaker does say. If you lose your place for a moment, wrongly change the order of a couple of sentences, or forget to pause at a certain point, no one will be any the wiser. When such moments occur, don’t worry about them. Just continue as if nothing happened.
Even if you do make an obvious mistake during a speech, that don’t really matter. If you have ever listened to Martin Luther King’s famous speech – “ I have a dream”, you may notice that he stumble（结巴）over his words twice during the speech. Most likely, however, you don’t remember. Why? Because you were fixing your attention on its message rather than on his way of speech-making.
People care a lot about making mistakes in a speech because they regard speech-making as a kind of performance rather than as an act of communication. They feel the listeners are like judges in an ice-skating competition. But, in fact, the listeners are not looking for a perfect performer. They are looking for a well-thought-out speech that expresses the speaker’s ideas clearly and directly. Sometimes a mistake or two can actually increase a speaker’s attractiveness by making him more human.
As you work on your speech, don’t worry about being perfect. Once you free your mind of this, you will find it much easier to give your speech freely.
1.The underlined part in the first paragraph means that no one will ________.
A. be smarter than you
B. know what you are talking about
C. do better than you
D. notice your mistakes
2.You don’t remember obvious mistakes in a speech because ________.
A. you find the way of speech-making more important
B. you don’t fully understand the speech
C. you don’t know what the speaker plans to say
D. your attention is on the content
3.From the last two paragraphs, the author means that ________.
A. giving a speech is like giving a performance
B. the listeners should pay more attention to how a speech is made
C. one to two mistakes in a speech may not be bad
D. the more mistakes a speaker makes, the more attractive he will be
4.What would be the best title of the passage?
A. How to Be a Perfect Speaker
B. Don’t Expect a Perfect Speech
C. Don’t Expect Mistakes in a Speech
D. How to Make a Perfect Speech
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There is no such thing as a hard rule when it comes to leadership. There are generally accepted principles that, when studied and applied, are believed to be helpful in improving one’s leadership skills.
People become more willing to work if they feel important. Effective leaders help their organization’s members develop their self-esteem. You can do this by paying more attention to them and expressing your interest in their opinions every time you converse. The key here is being sincere and expressing your appreciation through the smallest gestures.
Members of an organization are more able to adapt to changes if there is a specific plan of action laid out. Planning is crucial in effective leadership because it provides the organization with a concrete direction and identifiable (可识别的) means to achieve its goals. As a leader, you should initiate (开始) planning and make an effort in communicate those plans as clearly as possible to your members. This will strengthen your members’ decision-making skills and allow for effective delegation.
A highly motivating work environment is undoubtedly a productive one. The organization benefits the most when its members are continuously motivated to work for and with it. You can provide deserving members with public recognition even through a simple mention of their names and accomplishments. Offering challenges that allow your members to grow is a brilliant way to motivate them to be more competitive. You can hand out incentives such as bonuses or promotions to high-performing members so that your members will have something to look forward to in exchange for job well done.
These three principles are all important in improving your leadership skills. But they are not enough. The success of your leadership will ultimately depend on the way you recognize your organization’s needs and how you can adapt your leadership style to those needs.
Only you can tell what “good” leadership is for your organization. Likewise, it’s only you who can determine how you can become a “good” leader.
1.What is the main idea of the passage? ( no more than 8 words)
2.According to Paragraph 2, how can leaders develop employee’s self- esteem? ( no more than 13 words)
3.Why is planning so important in leadership? ( no more than 13 words)
4.List three methods to motivate employees as a leader. ( no more than 10 words)
5.What is the key to success in leadership? ( no more than 13 words)
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It may help you to know that there is no such thing as a perfect speech. At some point in every speech, every speaker says something that is not understood exactly as he has planned. Fortunately, such moments are usually not obvious to the listeners, why? Because the listeners do not know what the speaker plans to say, they hear only what the speaker does say. If you lose your place for a moment, wrongly change the order of a couple of sentences, or forget to pause at a certain point, no one will be any the wiser. When such moments occur, don’t worry about them. Just continue as if nothing happened.
Even if you do make an obvious mistake during a speech, that doesn’t really matter. If you have ever listened to Martin Luther King’s famous speech—“I have a dream”, you may notice that he stumbles over his words twice during the speech. Most likely, however, you don’t remember. Why? Because you were fixing your attention on his message rather than on his way of speech-making. People care a lot about making mistakes in a speech because they regard speech-making as a kind of performance rather than as an act of communication. They feel the listeners are like judges in an ice-skating competition. But, in fact, the listeners are not looking for a perfect performance. They are looking for a well-thought-out speech that expresses the speaker’s ideas clearly and directly. Sometimes a mistake or two can actually increase a speaker’s attractiveness by making him more human.
As you work on your speech, don’t worry about being perfect. Once you free your mind of this, you will find it much easier to give your speech freely.
1. The underlined part in the first paragraph means that no one will _________.
A. be smarter than you
B. do better than you
C. notice your mistakes
D. know what you are talking about
2.You don’t remember obvious mistakes in a speech because _________.
A. you find the way of speech-making more important
B. you don’t fully understand the speech
C. you don’t know what the speaker plans to say
D. you attention is on the content
3.It can be inferred from the passage that _________.
A. one or two mistakes in a speech may not be bad
B. giving a speech is like giving a performance
C. the listeners should pay more attention to how a speech is made
D. the more mistake a speaker makes, the more attractive he will be
4. What would be the best title for the passage?
A. How to Be a Perfect Speaker
B. How to Make a Perfect Speech
C. Don’t Expect Mistakes in a Speech
D. Don’t Expect a Perfect Speech
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Having a job is great, I have learned. It means I can afford things such as a place to live and daily meals. And with an above-average job, I can afford a car and occasional overseas vacations.
However, I also understand how difficult it is to have a below-average job, having had many of them before. It’s frankly pretty awful. Owning a car was out of the question – I could barely afford to ride the subway.
So, I decided to go to university and get a degree.
Later, I emailed my details to every company and government institution with an online careers page. I even printed my resume and handed it out in what seemed like hundreds of office buildings.
One summer during university, my cousin and I helped out at my uncle’s business, fixing roofs, although the only thing I got out of that was back problems.
That same year, I got a job at a plumbing(管道工程) company, which I was terrible at. It was no surprise when I was asked to leave that job after only four days.
A lot of people today believe the problem of unemployment in my generation is our fault. Some accuse us of being lazy or feeling too entitled(有资格的). At the same time, some people accuse members of my generation of having a sense of “specialness” that has led us to believe we can all be astronauts, movie stars or singers if we put our minds to it. Also, a few of them think that we would all be happily employed if we would only learn trades or become software engineers, because those people make the most money.
I realize that not everyone can go into space, star in Hollywood movies or fill stadiums with fans, however. I also think not everyone can make a good electrician or design advanced computer software – I know I can’t. Everyone is good at something, but no one is good at everything. It took me hundreds of rejection emails to realize that I had to focus on finding a job where I could actually be successful.
And now, I finally have that job. All it took was several years of desperation, failure and an honest assessment(评估) of my personal value in the job market.
It’s not the best start, but it’s not bad for a start too.
1.What was the author’s life like before he went to university?
A. He had always been looking forward to owning a car.
B. He found it hard to make ends meet.
C. He had taken above-average and below-average jobs.
D. He went on overseas vacations sometimes.
2.What happened when the author tried to find a good job?
A. It didn’t take long for him to land a great job.
B. He gained a lot of skills when working at his uncle’s business.
C. He got through a lot of difficulties in the process.
D. He quit the plumbing company because he disliked the job.
3.What did the author think was the main reason for his unemployment?
A. His laziness and arrogance.
B. His sense of “specialness”.
C. His high expectation of himself.
D. His failure to recognize his own strengths.
4.What does the author think of his current job?
A. It’s highly paid.
B. It’s a little bit boring.
C. It’s challenging for him.
D. It’s satisfying for him.
5.The author wrote this article mainly to ______.
A. share his reflections on finding a job
B. complain about the high unemployment rate
C. stress the importance of an above-average job
D. encourage readers to try to get a better degree
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It may help you to know that there is no such thing as a perfect speech.At some point in every speech,every speaker says something that is not understood exactly as he has planned.Fortunately,such moments are usually not obvious(明显的) to the listeners.Why?Because the listeners do not know what the speaker plans to say.They hear only what the speaker does say.If you lose your place for a moment,wrongly change the order of a couple of sentences,or forget to pause at a certain point,no one will be any the wiser.When such moments occur,don’t worry about them.Just continue as if nothing happened.
Even if you do make an obvious mistake during a speech,that doesn’t really matter.If you have ever listened to Martin Luther King’s famous speech—“I Have a Dream”,you may notice that he stumbles(结巴) over his words twice during the speech.Most likely,however,you don’t remember.Why?Because you were fixing your attention on his message rather than on his way of speech-making.
People care a lot about making a mistake in a speech because they regard speech-making as a kind of performance rather than as an act of communication(交流).They feel the listeners are like judges in an ice-skating competition.But,in fact,the listeners are not looking for a perfect performance.They are looking for a well-thought-out speech that expresses the speaker’s ideas clearly and directly.Sometimes a mistake or two can actually increase a speaker’s attractiveness by making him more human.
As you work on your speech,don’t worry about being perfect.Once you free your mind of this,you will find it much easier to give your speech freely.
1.The underlined part in the first paragraph means that no one will _______.
A.be smarter than you B.notice your mistakes
C.do better than you D.know what you are talking about
2.You don’t remember obvious mistakes in a speech because _______.
A.your attention is on the content
B.you don’t fully understand the speech
C.you don’t know what the speaker plans to say
D.you find the way of speech-making more important
3.It can be inferred from the passage that _______.
A.giving a speech is like giving a performance
B.one or two mistakes in a speech may not be bad
C.the listeners should pay more attention to how a speech is made
D.the more mistakes a speaker makes,the more attractive he will be
4.What would be the best title for the passage?
A.How to Be a Perfect Speaker
B.How to Make a Perfect Speech
C.Don’t Expect a Perfect Speech
D.Don’t Expect Mistakes in a Speech
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It may help you to know that there is no such thing as a perfect speech.At some point in every speech,every speaker says something that is not understood exactly as he has planned.Fortunately,such moments are usually not obvious(明显的) to the listeners.Why?Because the listeners do not know what the speaker plans to say.They hear only what the speaker does say.If you lose your place for a moment,wrongly change the order of a couple of sentences,or forget to pause at a certain point,no one will be any the wiser.When such moments occur,don’t worry about them.Just continue as if nothing happened.
Even if you do make an obvious mistake during a speech,that doesn’t really matter.If you have ever listened to Martin Luther King’s famous speech—“I Have a Dream”,you may notice that he stumbles(结巴) over his words twice during the speech.Most likely,however,you don’t remember.Why?Because you were fixing your attention on his message rather than on his way of speech-making.
People care a lot about making a mistake in a speech because they regard speech-making as a kind of performance rather than as an act of communication(交流).They feel the listeners are like judges in an ice-skating competition.But,in fact,the listeners are not looking for a perfect performance.They are looking for a well-thought-out speech that expresses the speaker’s ideas clearly and directly.Sometimes a mistake or two can actually increase a speaker’s attractiveness by making him more human.
As you work on your speech,don’t worry about being perfect.Once you free your mind of this,you will find it much easier to give your speech freely.
1.The underlined part in the first paragraph means that no one will _______.
| A．be smarter than you | B．notice your mistakes |
| C．do better than you | D．know what you are talking about |
2.You don’t remember obvious mistakes in a speech because _______.
| A．your attention is on the content |
| B．you don’t fully understand the speech |
| C．you don’t know what the speaker plans to say |
| D．you find the way of speech-making more important |
3.It can be inferred from the passage that _______.
| A．giving a speech is like giving a performance |
| B．one or two mistakes in a speech may not be bad |
| C．the listeners should pay more attention to how a speech is made |
| D．the more mistakes a speaker makes,the more attractive he will be |
4.What would be the best title for the passage?
| A．How to Be a Perfect Speaker |
| B．How to Make a Perfect Speech |
| C．Don’t Expect a Perfect Speech |
| D．Don’t Expect Mistakes in a Speech |
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It may help you to know that there is no such thing as a perfect speech. At some point in every speech, every speaker says something that is not understood exactly as he has planned. Fortunately, the moments are usually not obvious to the listeners. Why? Because the listeners do not know what the speaker plans to say. They hear only what the speaker does say. If you lose your place for a moment, wrongly change the order of a couple of sentences, or forget to pause at a certain point, no one will be any the wiser. When such moments occur, don’t worry about them. Just continue as if nothing happened.
Even if you do make an obvious mistake during a speech, that doesn’t really matter .If you have ever listened to Martin Luther King’s famous speech — “ I have a dream”, you may notice that he stumbles（结巴）his words twice during the speech. Most likely, however, you don’t remember. Why? Because you were fixing your attention on his message rather than on his way of speech-making. People care a lot about making mistakes in a speech because they regard speech-making as a kind of performance rather than as an act of communication. They feel the listeners are like judges in an ice-skating competition. But, in fact, the listeners are not looking for a perfect performer. They are looking for a well-thought-out speech that expresses the speaker’s ideas clearly and directly. Sometimes a mistake or two can actually increase a speaker’s attractiveness by making him more human.
As you work on your speech, don’t worry about being imperfect. Once you free your mind of this, you will find it much easier to give your speech freely.
1. The underlined part in the first paragraph means that no one will ______ .
A. be smarter than you
B. notice your mistakes
C. do better than you
D. know what you are talking about
2. You don’t remember obvious mistakes in a speech because ___________.
A. your attention is on the content
B. you don’t fully understand the speech
C. you know what the speaker plans to say
D. you find the way of speech-making more important
3. It can be inferred from the passage that ___________.
A. giving a speech is like giving a performance
B. one or two mistakes in a speech may not be bad
C. the listeners should pay more attention to how a speech is made
D. the more mistakes a speaker makes, the more attractive he will be
4. What would be the best title of the passage?
A. How to Be a Perfect Speaker
B. How to Make a Perfect Speech
C. Don’t Expect a Perfect Speech
D. Don’t Expect Mistakes in a Speech
5.Which of the following statements is true?
A. If you are careful enough, you can make a perfect speech.
B. Speech-making is a kind of performance.
C. Listeners are not judges and they pay more attention to the message.
D. Martin Luther King is not a good speaker.
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It is said that there’s no such things as a free lunch, but even if you manage to bag a bargain meal, it will not taste as good as a more expensive choice, according to scientists.
A new study has found that restaurant goers who pay more for the food is tastier than offered for a smaller price. The experts think that people tend to associate cost with quality and this changes their perception（感知）of how food tastes.
Scientists at Cornell University studied the eating habits of 139 people who enjoy an Italian buffet in a restaurant. The price of the food was set by the researchers at either $4 or $8 for the all–you–can–eat meal. Customers were asked to rate how good the food tasted, the quality of the restaurant and to leave their names.
The experiment showed that the people who paid $8 enjoyed their meal 11% more than those who ate the “cheaper” buffet. Interestingly those that paid for the $4 buffet said they felt guiltier about loading up their plates and felt that they overate. However, the scientists said that both groups ate around the same quantity of food in total.
Brian Wansink, a professor of consumer behavior at the university, said: “we were fascinated to find that pricing has little effect on how much one eats, but a huge effect on how you interpret the experience.” He thinks that people enjoyed their food more as they associated cost with quality and that small changes to a restaurant can change how tasty people find their meals.
In a previous study, researchers from the university showed that people who eat in bright lighting consume more than eat in less brightly lit areas.
1.We can learn from the passage that _______ .
A. there were 139 subjects involved in the new study
B. a free lunch might be as delicious as you expected
C. the high pricing will change the exact taste of the food
D. in the experiment, the price of the food ranged from $4 to $10
2.Which of the factors has an effect on the quantity of food a person consumes?
A. The taste of the food. B. The price of the food.
C. The number of companions. D. The lighting of the restaurant.
3.Who will benefit from the new study?
A. The person who runs a restaurant. B. The person who often eats outside.
C. The person who works on decoration. D. The person who studies in university.
4.The passage is tended to ______ .
A. promote marketing methods B. inform readers of a new study
C. teach consumers how to eat better D. find the association between cost and quality
A