Pretending to be happy can actually make you more miserable — especially if you’re a woman, according to a new study.
The research found that women suffered more than men when pretending to be happy. Psychologist Dr. Brent Scott, who led the study, said employers should take note because forcing workers to smile when dealing with the public can backfire. He said, “Smiling for the sake of smiling can lead to emotional exhaustion, and that’s bad for the organization.”
Dr. Scott said the research showed customer-service workers who “fake smile” throughout the day worsen their mood and then withdraw from work, so their productivity drops. He added, “Bosses may think that getting their staff to smile is good for the organization, but that’s not necessarily the case.” Dr. Scott, assistant professor of management at Michigan State University, analyzed a group of bus drivers during a two- week period.
The study is one of the first of its kind to examine emotional displays over a period of time and compare the different effect that has on men and women. His team examined the effects of surface acting — or fake smiling — compared to what was termed “deep acting”, or cultivating(培养) positive emotions by recalling pleasant memories.
Dr. Scott said, “Women are harmed more by surface acting, meaning their mood worsens even more than the men and they withdraw more from work. However, they are helped more by deep acting, which means their mood improves more.”
Although “deep acting” seems to improve mood in the short-term, Dr. Scott said it’s not a long-term solution to feeling unhappy.
He said, “You’re trying to cultivate positive emotions, but at the end of the day you may not feel like yourself anymore.”
1.What does the underlined word “backfire” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?
A. Have the opposite effect. B. Lead to conflict.
C. Drive people mad. D. Help a lot.
2.What can we learn from the passage?
A. Surface acting is good for organizations.
B. Men benefit more from deep acting than women.
C. Fake smiling causes more harm to women than men.
D. Recalling good memories is a long-term solution to feeling down.
3.The findings of the research might serve as a warning to _______.
A. employees B. employers C. researchers D. customers.
4. What would be the best title for the passage?
A. Solution to feeling unhappy
B. How to cultivate positive emotions
C. How to improve workers’ productivity
D. Fake smiling makes you miserable
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题
Pretending to be happy can actually make you more miserable — especially if you’re a woman, according to a new study.
The research found that women suffered more than men when pretending to be happy. Psychologist Dr. Brent Scott, who led the study, said employers should take note because forcing workers to smile when dealing with the public can backfire. He said, “Smiling for the sake of smiling can lead to emotional exhaustion, and that’s bad for the organization.”
Dr. Scott said the research showed customer-service workers who “fake smile” throughout the day worsen their mood and then withdraw from work, so their productivity drops. He added, “Bosses may think that getting their staff to smile is good for the organization, but that’s not necessarily the case.” Dr. Scott, assistant professor of management at Michigan State University, analyzed a group of bus drivers during a two- week period.
The study is one of the first of its kind to examine emotional displays over a period of time and compare the different effect that has on men and women. His team examined the effects of surface acting — or fake smiling — compared to what was termed “deep acting”, or cultivating(培养) positive emotions by recalling pleasant memories.
Dr. Scott said, “Women are harmed more by surface acting, meaning their mood worsens even more than the men and they withdraw more from work. However, they are helped more by deep acting, which means their mood improves more.”
Although “deep acting” seems to improve mood in the short-term, Dr. Scott said it’s not a long-term solution to feeling unhappy.
He said, “You’re trying to cultivate positive emotions, but at the end of the day you may not feel like yourself anymore.”
1.What does the underlined word “backfire” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?
A. Have the opposite effect. B. Lead to conflict.
C. Drive people mad. D. Help a lot.
2.What can we learn from the passage?
A. Surface acting is good for organizations.
B. Men benefit more from deep acting than women.
C. Fake smiling causes more harm to women than men.
D. Recalling good memories is a long-term solution to feeling down.
3.The findings of the research might serve as a warning to _______.
A. employees B. employers C. researchers D. customers.
4. What would be the best title for the passage?
A. Solution to feeling unhappy
B. How to cultivate positive emotions
C. How to improve workers’ productivity
D. Fake smiling makes you miserable
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
Everyone wants to be happy, but not everyone can make it. Do you want to have a good mood every day? If so, the following steps will be useful to you.
Be grateful.
1. They can be simple things like the purple flower on the sidewalk, the beautiful sunset, and the hot shower you take every day. When you have a grateful heart, you’11 cherish them and be naturally filled with happiness.
2.
When you put your mind, heart and soul into what you’re doing, you’re creating a happiness state—called the “flow”. When you’re living in the flow, you’re less likely to mind what others may think about you, and less bothered by unimportant things. The result? More happiness, of course!
Become a problem solver.
Happy people are problem solvers. 3. Instead, they face up to the challenge and channel their energies into finding a creative solution. By becoming a problem solver, you’ll build up your self-confidence and your ability to accomplish whatever you determine to do.
Practice forgiveness.
Hatred and anger are forms of self-punishment. When you forgive, you’re actually practicing kindness to yourself. 4. Everyone makes mistakes. It’s through our mistakes that we learn and grow to become a bigger and better person.
Give back.
Doing good is one of the surest ways to feel good. According to Harvard, when people do good, their brains become active in the very same reward center that is stimulated when they experience other rewards. 5.
A. Go with the flow.
B. Focus on what you are doing.
C. And most importantly, learn to forgive yourself.
D. When they face a challenge in life, they don’t fall into a sad state.
E. When they meet with difficulties, they will solve them on their own.
F. So It’s not a surprise that people who care more about others are happier.
G. Slow down, look around, and pay attention to the little details in your life.
高三英语七选五中等难度题查看答案及解析
请认真阅读下面短文,并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意:每个空格只填1个单词。
Pretending you're someone else can make you creative
One great irony(讽刺) about our collective fascination with creativity is that we tend to frame it in uncreative ways. That is to say, most of us marry creativity to our concept of self: We are either “creative” people or we aren't,without much of a middle ground.
Pillay, a tech businessman and Harvard professor has spent a good part of his career destroying these ideas. Pillay believes that the key to unlocking your creative potential is to dismiss the conventional advice that urges you to “believe in yourself”. In fact, you should do the exact opposite: believe you are someone else.
In a recent column for Harvard Business Review, Pillay pointed to a 2016 study showing the impact of stereotypes(刻板印象)on one's behavior. The authors, education psychologists Denis Dumas and Kevin Dunbar, divided their collegestudent subjects into three categories, instructing the members of one group to think of themselves as “eccentric(古怪的) poets” and the members of another to imagine they were “rigid librarians”(people in the third category, the control group, were left alone for this part). The researchers then presented participants with 10 ordinary objects,including a fork, a carrot, and a pair of pants, and asked them to come up with as many different uses as possible for each one. Those who were asked to imagine themselves as “eccentric poets” came up with the widest range of ideas for the objects, while those in the “rigid librarian” group had the fewest. Meanwhile, the researchers found only small differences in students' creativity levels across academic majors—in fact, the physics majors inhabiting(寄生) the personas(伪装的外表) of “eccentric poets” came up with more ideas than the art majors did.
These results, write Dumas and Dunbar, suggest that creativity is not an individual quality, but a “malleable(可塑的) product of context and perspective.” Everyone can be creative, as long as they feel like creative people.
Pillay's work takes this a step further: He argues that identifying yourself with creativity is less powerful than the creative act of imagining you're somebody else. This exercise, which he calls “psychological halloweenism”, refers to the conscious action of inhabiting another persona—an inner costuming of the self. It works because it is an act of “conscious unfocus”, a way of positively stimulating the default mode(默认模式) network, a collection of brain regions that spring into action when you're not focused on a specific task or thought.
Most of us spend too much time worrying about two things: How successful/unsuccessful we are, and how little we're focusing on the task at hand. The former feeds the latter—an unfocused person is an unsuccessful one, we believe. Thus, we force ourselves into quiet areas, buy noisecanceling headphones, and hate ourselves for taking breaks.
What makes Pillay's argument stand out is its healthy, forgiving realism: According to him, most people spend nearly half of their days in a state of “unfocus”. This doesn't make us lazy people—it makes us human. The idea behind psychological halloweenism is: What if we stopped judging ourselves for our mental down time, and instead started using it? Putting this new idea on daydreaming means addressing two problems at once: You're making yourself more creative, and you're giving yourself permission to do something you'd otherwise feel guilty about. Imagining yourself in a new situation, or an entirely new identity, never felt so productive.
Title: Pretending you're someone else can make you creative
Some misleading ideasabout creativity | ●Most of us are 1. with the idea that we are either creative or we are not: there doesn't exist a middle ground in between.●2. to popular belief,Pillay's suggestion is that you should believe you are someone else. |
Dumas and Dunbar's study | ●One group were asked to think of themselves as “eccentric poets”,another “rigid librarians” and a third 3. as the control group.●The former two groups were required to come up with as many different uses as possible for each 4. object. ●The level of students' 5. is not always in direct proportion to the type of academic majors. ●Therefore, creativity is probably a product of context and perspective rather than something 6.. |
Pillay's further study | ●The exercise of “psychological halloweenism” refers to the conscious action of being others by 7. stimulating the default mode network.●Pillay 8. firmly to the idea of imaging you're someone else and advises us not to worry about how successful/unsuccessful we are. |
The 9.significance of the exercise | ●We should start using it instead of stopping judging ourselves for our mental down time.●We have every right to 10. ourselves for being unfocused because it is not only human but also makes us more creative and productive. |
高三英语任务型阅读困难题查看答案及解析
Listening to happy music at work can help you complete tasks more quickly, especially if you’re doing something repetitive such as checking e-mail or filing documents. 1.. Cornell University researchers also found that upbeat tunes help workers cooperate and make group decisions that contribute to the good of the team.
Music decreases levels of the stress hormone cortisol just as well as massage therapy does, according to a small 2010 study. Scientists randomly assigned anxious patients to listen to music either during massage therapy or while lying in a dim room.2..
3.. After surgery, it helps reduce pain. An analysis of 73 studies published in the Lancet in 2015 confirmed that listening to music before, during, or after surgery improves anxiety and pain levels, which in turn means less pain medication.
People come up with more creative solutions when they listen to happy, upbeat music than when they sit in silence, according to researchers from the Netherlands and Australia. It may be because music improves your brain’s flexibility or because it relaxes you enough for the creative juices to flow. 4.; research also has found that moderate(适度的) volume provides the creativity sweet spot.
Whether you’re running, biking, or walking, you’ll go farther if you pump up the jams, studies have found. 5.. The effect is so great that the author of a 2012 review examining the psychological effects of music on exercise called music “a type of legal performance-enhancing drug.”
Maybe you’ve heard about Alzheimer’s patients coming alive when they hear a song from their past. Studies show that music helps them retrieve memories, communicate more effectively, and remember who they are.
A. After three months those who just listened to music experienced the same drop in anxiety as those also got massages
B. One study showed that the accuracy and efficiency of surgeons improved when they worked with the music of their choice in the background
C. Music has been used to heal for centuries, and now we’re learning why it works
D. Music distracts you from your discomfort and motivates you to stay with the beat
E. But don’t play the music too loudly
F. Listening to music before surgery has been shown to ease anxiety and limit the need for sedatives(镇静剂)
G. Time does fly when you’re listening to music
高三英语阅读理解困难题查看答案及解析
1. Such as runny noses, sore throats, nothing quite like the common cold to make you feel miserable.But experts believe that there is no link between cold weather and catching colds. 2.Internal Medicine expert, Dr Meenakshi Jain of Max Hospital says, “One reason could be that people are likely to stay indoors, so the virus can spread easily.3. ”
The common cold is a viral infection that can be caused by any of up to 250 strains of virus, the most common group of which are the rhinovirus that hit the nose.
4. “They are transmitted through the nose respiratory passages, by touch, and by contact with airborne particles that are created by sneezing or coughing,” says Dr Jain.
There is no cure for the common cold and antibiotics are of no help.However, there are some precautions which can help:
________5.________In this case, you can protect your hands from getting germs.
Don’t touch your eyes, nose and mouth, which can limit your chances of infection.
Don’t share drinking glasses or utensils with anyone as this will prevent the spread of the virus.
Make sure to eat enough fruits to boost your immune system.
A.Also the virus thrives in humidity. |
B.Drink lots of fluids to avoid dehydration. |
C.They are responsible for anywhere between a third and half of all common colds. |
D.Get enough sleep and you’ll certainly feel better. |
E.So why are we particularly vulnerable(脆弱的) this season?
F.Wash your hands regularly.
G.It’s winter and you have probably noticed germs are everywhere.
高三英语其他题中等难度题查看答案及解析
You can make a complaint to the local government ____you are happy with the way things are.
A.unless B.if C. once D. as
高三英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析
You can make a complaint to the local government _____ you are happy with the way things are.
A. unless B. if C. once D. as
高三英语单项填空简单题查看答案及解析
You can make a complaint to the local government ___ you are happy with the way they deal with the matter.
A.unless B.if C.once D.as
高三英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析
Do you feel 1 difficult to be happy all the time? Now I’ll give you some tips(秘诀) 2 how to make yourself happy. One way is being 3 (self) because unselfishness is the key factor 4 (require) if you want to get along well with others. By 5 (say) being unselfish we mean we 6 not want everything our own way or demand the best share of everything. Another way is to look for good points in 7 people. You’ll find most people pleasant to get along with and it will surely make you happy. Third, you cannot expect to be too perfect, 8 don’t be too unhappy when you make a mistake. Everything will be OK if you try to make things right. Finally, it is important to remember that while you are not 9 (bad) than others, chances you have may not be much better. In this case, 10 surest way to be happy is to think yourself above other people.
高三英语填空题简单题查看答案及解析
Don’t try and be happy—it will only make you sad. Desperately 1. (try) to keep a smile on your face will only make your depression 2.(bad), a new study suggests. Feeling content has become the only goal for many 3. recent years, but accepting your 4. (sad) may be more beneficial. Dr. Brock Bastian in 5. University of Melbourne said “Depression rates 6. (be) higher in countries that seek for happiness now.” Rather than being the by product of a happy life, feeling happy has become a goal in 7. (it). This strengthens the message that we should aim 8. (increase) our positive emotions and avoid our negative ones. Society needs to change its attitude on depression if the disorder is to be solved effectively.
He added that people have become so used to not showing signs of weakness 9. (intention) due to social media being used to celebrate achievements. For the study 10. (publish) in the journal Depressing and Anxiety, the researchers assessed depressed patients.
高三英语短文填空中等难度题查看答案及解析