“Educational researchers, political scientists and economists are increasingly interested in the characteristics and skills that parents, teachers and schools should foster in children to increase chances of success later in life,” said lead author Marion Spengler, PhD of the University of Tubingen.” Our research found that specific behaviors in high school have long-lasting effects for one’s later life.”
Spengler and her co-authors analyzed data collected by the American Institutes for Research from 346, 660 U. S. high school students in 1960, along with follow-up data from 81,912 of those students 11 years later and 1,952 of them 50 years later. The initial high school phase measured a variety of student behaviors and attitudes as well as personality characteristics, cognitive abilities, parental socioeconomic status and demographic(人口统计的)factors. The follow-up surveys measured overall educational attainment, income and occupational prestige(声望).
Being a responsible student, showing an interest in school and having fewer problems with reading and writing were all significantly associated with greater educational attainment and finding a more prestigious job both 11 years and 50 years after high school. These factors were also all associated with higher income at the 50-year mark. Most effects remained even when researchers controlled parental socioeconomic status, cognitive aibility and other broad personality characteristics such as conscientiousness.
While the findings weren’t necessarily surprising, Spengler noted how reliably specific behaviors people showed in school were able to predict later success.
Further analysis of the data suggested that much of the effect could be explained by overall educational achievements, according to Spengler.
“Student characteristics and behaviors were rewarded in high school and led to higher educational attainment, which in turn was related to greater occupational prestige and income later in life,” she said. “This study highlights the possibility that certain behaviors at crucial periods could have long-term consequences for a person’s life.”
1.What’s the finding of Marion Spengler’s research?
A. Teachers play a decisive role in students’ later success
B. Personality characteristics are more important than academic performances
C. Higher educational attainment has little to do with occupational prestige
D. Behaviors in the high school should be highly stressed.
2.Which is TRUE about the research?
A. The research was conducted among totally different people during different periods
B. The research was based on the data collected from 1960 to 2010
C. More people were involved in the follow-up surveys
D. The initial high school phase measured attitudes only
3.What is likely to contribute to later success according to the research?
A. Parental socioeconomic status
B. Overall educational achievements
C. Cognitive ability
D. Hard work
4.Why did the researchers control some factors like parental socioeconomic status?
A. To avoid the previous mistakes
B. To highlight the effects of certain specific behaviors
C. To draw an immediate conclusion
D. To hid some negative findings
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题
“Educational researchers, political scientists and economists are increasingly interested in the characteristics and skills that parents, teachers and schools should foster in children to increase chances of success later in life,” said lead author Marion Spengler, PhD of the University of Tubingen.” Our research found that specific behaviors in high school have long-lasting effects for one’s later life.”
Spengler and her co-authors analyzed data collected by the American Institutes for Research from 346, 660 U. S. high school students in 1960, along with follow-up data from 81,912 of those students 11 years later and 1,952 of them 50 years later. The initial high school phase measured a variety of student behaviors and attitudes as well as personality characteristics, cognitive abilities, parental socioeconomic status and demographic(人口统计的)factors. The follow-up surveys measured overall educational attainment, income and occupational prestige(声望).
Being a responsible student, showing an interest in school and having fewer problems with reading and writing were all significantly associated with greater educational attainment and finding a more prestigious job both 11 years and 50 years after high school. These factors were also all associated with higher income at the 50-year mark. Most effects remained even when researchers controlled parental socioeconomic status, cognitive aibility and other broad personality characteristics such as conscientiousness.
While the findings weren’t necessarily surprising, Spengler noted how reliably specific behaviors people showed in school were able to predict later success.
Further analysis of the data suggested that much of the effect could be explained by overall educational achievements, according to Spengler.
“Student characteristics and behaviors were rewarded in high school and led to higher educational attainment, which in turn was related to greater occupational prestige and income later in life,” she said. “This study highlights the possibility that certain behaviors at crucial periods could have long-term consequences for a person’s life.”
1.What’s the finding of Marion Spengler’s research?
A. Teachers play a decisive role in students’ later success
B. Personality characteristics are more important than academic performances
C. Higher educational attainment has little to do with occupational prestige
D. Behaviors in the high school should be highly stressed.
2.Which is TRUE about the research?
A. The research was conducted among totally different people during different periods
B. The research was based on the data collected from 1960 to 2010
C. More people were involved in the follow-up surveys
D. The initial high school phase measured attitudes only
3.What is likely to contribute to later success according to the research?
A. Parental socioeconomic status
B. Overall educational achievements
C. Cognitive ability
D. Hard work
4.Why did the researchers control some factors like parental socioeconomic status?
A. To avoid the previous mistakes
B. To highlight the effects of certain specific behaviors
C. To draw an immediate conclusion
D. To hid some negative findings
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
A research project jointly carried out by scientists from several British universities and institutes has drawn people’s attention to the toothbrush again.
Researchers have found that your toothbrush is home to more than 100 million bacteria. But there are hundreds of microorganisms in the mouths and your toothbrush probably won’t make you sick unless there is an unhealthy balance of bacteria. Our immune system can usually take care of bacterial invaders. However, if others use your toothbrush, or you use someone else’s, bacteria can be spread.
They have also found the toothbrush holders are the third-most dirty household items (behind dish sponges and kitchen sinks), thus advocating cleaning the toothbrush holder regularly.
The storage of your toothbrush in your bathroom is also important. Here are some storage tips from the researchers to keep your toothbrush as healthy as possible:
Put your toothbrush as far away as possible from the toilet flushing.
Let your toothbrush dry thoroughly between brushings.
Don’t use toothbrush covers, which can create a perfect breeding ground for bacteria.
Keep your toothbrush upright in a holder. rather than lying down.
Keep toothbrushes separate. If toothbrushes touch, they can exchange and spread bacteria.
There are products available that claim to sanitize（消毒）your toothbrush. While some of these products do kill some bacteria, there is no evidence that using them will reduce your risk of illness, according to the researchers.
They recommend replacing your toothbrush every three to four months or more often if you are sick or if you have a weakened immune system. Children’s toothbrushes may need to be replaced more often than adult brushes.
1.Who will probably find this text helpful?
A. People concerning their heath
B. People decorating their house
C. People caring about their diets
D. People carrying out experiments
2.What can we infer from the text?
A. Products of sanitizing the tooth brush are of no use at all.
B. Adults need to replace toothbrushes more often than children.
C. Sharing your toothbrush with others may be harmful to your health.
D. Your toothbrush will probably make you sick if there is a healthy balance of bacteria.
3.What are people advised to do in the text?
A. Clean the toothbrush holder regularly.
B. Keep the toothbrush covered after the use.
C. Keep the toothbrush lying down after using it.
D. Have the toothbrush dry partly between brushings
4.Which might be the best title for the text?
A. How to Replace Your Toothbrush Economically?
B. How to Clean Your Toothbrush Correctly?
C. How to Store Your Toothbrush Healthily?
D. How to Use Your Toothbrush Properly?
高三英语阅读理解困难题查看答案及解析
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
A group of researchers and scientists from China and other countries are working together 1. (record) and collect digital images of cultural relics from the Mogao Caves, which were a key stop 2. the Silk Road throughout China's ancient history. Nearly 500,000 high quality digital photographs 3.( produce) since the international project started in 1994.
The Mogao Caves 4.(study) in many countries have long been a meeting point for different cultures. Today the caves are just as international as they were at the time5.people travelled the Silk Road. Tourists from all over the world visit Dunhuang to see the caves, and the Getty Museum in Los Angeles has reproduced a copy of the caves and6.(paint) for people to admire in America.
By sharing so many digital photos over the Internet, the group hopes to promote even 7.(wide) interest around the world in China's ancient history, culture, and traditions.8.one researcher who is working on the project explains, “9.(appreciate) one's own cultural heritage is very important for understanding oneself. Recognizing the cultural heritage of other countries 10. (do) good to international communication and understanding."
高三英语语法填空中等难度题查看答案及解析
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
A group of researchers and scientists from China and other countries are working together to help increase 1. (appreciate) of China’s ancient cultural heritage. They are recording and collecting digital images of cultural relics from the Magao Caves, 2. were a key stop along the Silk Road throughout China’s ancient history. Nearly 500,000 high-quality digital photographs 3. (produce) since the international project started in 1994.
The Magao Caves have long been 4. meeting point for different cultures. Today, the caves are just as international as they 5. (be) at the time when people travelled the Silk Road. Tourists from all over the world visit Dunhuang to see the caves, and the Getty Museum in Los Angeles has even reproduced a copy of the caves and paintings for people 6. (admire) in America.
By7. (share) so many digital photos over the Internet, the group hopes to promote even 8. (wide) interest around the world in China’s ancient history, culture, and traditions. They also hope to further educate people about the importance of safeguarding historic and cultural relics for future 9. (generation) to understand and appreciate. As one researcher who is working 10. the project explains, “Appreciating the cultural heritage is very important for international communication and understanding.”
高三英语语法填空中等难度题查看答案及解析
Research on the human brain has been attracting more and more scientists in recent years, just like the booming hi-tech industry. One of the latest research topics is how to change the human brain or combine the computer and the human brain, i.e. to transplant a chip into a human brain. This idea may make everyone’s dream come true. If we compare a human brain to a hard disc, what the scientists are doing is to enlarge the capacity of the hard disc. For the time being, there are some difficulties in such transplant experiments, but scientists never give up.
Experiments have started on animals. In 1996, a transplant experiment performed at the Defense and Military Physiology Research Institute in the U.S. turned a bear into a dolphin.
The dolphin was named Ted, and the bear was named Tallin. Using the most advanced technology available, deep and detailed images were made of the memory area in Ted’s brain containing information about swimming by the scientists. They obtained a series of useful information, the signals transferred by the nervous system. Such information was saved into a button-sized chip, which was then transplanted into the action memory area in Tallin’s brain. The information saved on the chip was released by means of electric power.
Recently, another comprehensive memory transplant was performed at the Motor Nerve Research Institute of the University of California. The comprehensive memory transplanted in the experiment included actions, moods, logic, words, images, etc. The experiment involved an entire transplant of the memory area. This was the largest such experiment done so far.
The transplant was performed making a transfer from a dog named “Genius” to a dog named “Idiot”. “Genius” could understand and follow up to 100 gestures and orders made by its master. It was a real genius in memorizing. “Idiot” was the younger brother of “Genius”. It had no contact with people at all since its birth. It became an animal with nothing in its brain, without any memory.
The operation was a complete success. When the two dogs woke up, “Idiot” had grasped all the abilities “Genius” possessed; it was good at memorizing and sensible. It could follow every gesture and any command given by its master. But “Genius” gave no response to its master, and in fact did not recognize him at all.
1.The purpose of the experiment is ________.
A. to combine the computer and the human brain
B. to make bear swim
C. to make some stupid dog turn clever
D. to enlarge the capacity of human brain
2.Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A. The scientists transferred a button-sized chip with useful information in Tallin’s brain.
B. The first comprehensive memory transplant was performed at the Motor Nerve Research University.
C. The second experiment wasn’t an entire transplant of the memory area.
D. The Idiot was an animal with memory before brain experiment
3.What does the underlined word “success” refer to?
A. The two dogs woke up.
B. They were both good at memorizing.
C. The Idiot grasped all the abilities of Genius.
D. The Genius grasped all the abilities of Idiot.
4.According to the text, we can infer ________.
A. a person can know more after the experiment
B. a bear can swim after being transferred a chip with related useful information
C. a dog can become clever after entire transplant of the memory area
D. it is really good for animals to have been involved in the transplant experiment
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
Helen devoted herself _______ to her research and became a top scientist in the field of applied physics.
A. seriously B. extremely C. entirely D. strictly
高三英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析
Helen devoted herself ________to her research and became a top scientist in the field of applied physics．
A．seriously B．extremely C．entirely D．strictly
高三英语单项填空简单题查看答案及解析
A political scientist from Indiana University whose work exploring how people come together to protect their collective （共有的）resources may provide important clues in the fight against elimate change has become the first woman to win the Nobel prize for economics.
Elinor Ostrom, 76, shares the award with fellow American academic Oliver E. Williamson, 77. The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences announced to the world the pair had been chosen to win the 40th prize in economic sciences.
For Ostrom, the award came, as she showed, as a “big surprise”. To rise to the summit of her area of learning has been an big journey, as she has had to struggle against her own weaknesses and the impediments （妨碍）of the system. At school in Los Angeles she suffered from stuttering（口吃）. She also faced the hurdles （障碍） common to most women of her generation entering the sciences--she was discouraged from taking a PhD when she applied for graduate school.
Her field of study has been striking for how cross-disciplinary （交叉训练的）it is. Early on she gained a reputation for bringing economics, political science and sociology together.
What interests her is how common property can be managed successfully through groups in society. One of the first subjects that interested her was management of water resources.
The findings of her research have been striking, because they have challenged the traditional idea that common property is poorly managed unless it is either regulated by government or privatized. She has shown how individuals can work together and form collectives that protect the resource at hand.
“A lot of people are waiting for more international co-operation to solve global warming,” said Ostrom, “It is important that there is international agreement, but we can take steps at family level community level, and national level … There are many steps that can be taken. That will not solve it on their own but continuously will make a big difference.”
1. Why was Ostrom not advised to take a PhD?
A. Because she was a stutter who didn’t speak fluently.
B. Because she was a woman who was prejudiced then.
C. Because she was as common as other women in science.
D. Because she didn’t receive a degree of master yet.
2. Which of the following statements may Ostrom agree to?
A. Only government can make full use of common property.
B. Private enterprise can control individual behavior.
C. Different people should work together to protect the resources.
D. Individuals play a minor role in fighting climate change.
3. Ostrom was awarded the Nobel Prize for economics because _______.
A. she brought economics and political science into sociology
B. she predicted the breakout of the global financial crisis
C. she worked on the relationship between individuals and government
D. she put forward a new theory to help fight against climate change
4. The passage mainly tells us that ________.
A. the Nobel Prize for economics was first won by a woman
B. Elinor Ostrom’s work may help fight poverty
C. the first woman won the Nobel Prize in America
D. the Nobel Prize for economics is shared this year
高三英语阅读理解简单题查看答案及解析
Back in 1975, economists planned rising life expectancy (预期寿命) against countries’ wealth, and concluded that wealth itself increases longevity. It seemed self- evident: everything people need to be healthy--from food to medical care- costs money.
But it soon proved that the data didn't always fit that theory. Economic booms didn’t always mean longer lives. In addition, for reasons that weren’t clear, a given gain in gross domestic product (GDP) caused increasingly higher gains in life expectancy over time, as though it was becoming cheaper to add years of life. Moreover, in the 1980s researchers found gains in learning were associated with greater increases in life expectancy than gains in wealth were. Finally, the more educated people in any country tend to live longer than their less educated fellow citizens. But such people also tend to be wealthier, so it has been difficult to make out which factor is increasing lifespan.
Wolfgang Lutz and his colleagues have now done that by collecting average data on GDP per person，lifespan, and years of education from 174 countries, dating from 1970 to 2010. They found that, just as in 1975, wealth associated with longevity. But the association between longevity and years of schooling was closer, with a direct relationship that did not change over time, the way wealth does.
Lutz argues that because schooling happens many years before a person has attained their life expectancy, this association reflects cause: better education drives longer life. It also leads to more wealth, which is why wealth and longevity are also associated. But what is important, says Lutz, is that wealth does not seem to be longevity, as experts thought- in fact, education is driving both of them.
He thinks this is because education permanently improves a person’s cognitive abilities, allowing better planning and self-control throughout the rest of their life. This idea is supported by the fact that people who are more intelligent appear to live longer.
1.Which of the following best describes economists ’conclusion in 1975?
A.Lifespan could be increased by wealth.
B.Economic growth didn’t always mean longer life.
C.Education influenced longevity more than wealth did.
D.A given growth in GDP caused higher gains in longevity.
2.What did Wolfgang Lutz and his colleagues find?
A.Wealth and longevity did not have any association.
B.Longevity and education were more closely associated.
C.Differences in wealth predicted differences in longevity.
D.Relationship between education and longevity changed over time.
3.What part does education play permanently according to Lutz?
A.It enables people to have better planning and self-control.
B.It always leads to a longer but not necessarily richer life.
C.It improves people’s imaginative and innovative abilities.
D.It helps people acquire time-managing and learning habits.
4.Which of the following is the best title for this passage?
A.Wealth influences longevity.
B.Education influences longevity.
C.Wealth has nothing to do with longevity.
D.The relationship between education and wealth.
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
—The term Likonomics is popular among the economists at home and abroad.
— I can’t agree more. Our country will enjoy a new with more substainable and healthier economic development.
A. look B. view C. harmony D. boom
高三英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析