We each have a unique genetic(基因的, 遗传的)make-u...

We each have a unique genetic(基因的, 遗传的)make-up. Every cell of our body has the same set of about 100, 000 separate genes made of DNA. These are the instructions for producing a person. Genes decide everything from the colour of our skin to the way our brain works. We have one of several billion combinations of DNA which come from the random mixing of our parents’ genes. Except for identical twins(同卵双胞胎), no one has the same combination as another person. We are unique! We are unique in another way, too: in the way we are raised and all the experiences we have from before birth to adult life. These experiences influence us, our behaviour and attitudes, and the choices we make.

But are genes or life experiences more important in shaping our appearance and personality?　 Scientists are studying twins to find out. One set of twins occurs every 70 births—some are identical and others are non-identical twins. Identical twins are special because they share exactly the same genes and often the same environment. Non-identical twins are more like ordinary brothers and sisters.

Some identical twins have been adopted and brought up in different homes. With identical genes but a different home environment, scientists can study twins to see how much a particular feature depends on the genes we inherit(继承). For example, we know that eye problems, like short-sightedness, are mostly genetic. But resistance to pain is largely dependent on experiences. Genes also influence our eating habits. Identical twins brought up apart often like to eat at the same time of day and feel full after eating the same amount. Non-identical twins in similar circumstances have more varied eating habits. Identical twins are also more likely to follow the same patterns for marriage and divorce than non-identical twins.

Scientists are trying to identify the different genes that influence our behavior. Some people are thrill-seekers and get into risk-taking and adventurous activities. They take up extreme sports like bungee jumping and possibly take drugs. Scientists have discovered a gene which affects this.

We could ask, “Are our lives determined by our genes or our upbringing?　 ”Scientists are learning more all the time, but it is certainly true that both are important in making us who we are.

1.What is the main idea of the first paragraph?

A. Both our genes and our experiences make us who we are.

B. How we turn out depends on our parents’ genes.

C. Everyone has a physical double somewhere in the world.

D. We cannot easily change our physical appearance.

2.Why are scientists studying twins?

A. To find out how many twins are born every year.

B. To discover what shapes us as individuals.

C. To compare differences between twins.

D. To study brother-and-sister relationships.

3. According to the passage,　　　　　　　 .

A. one in 70 twins are genetically identical

B. non-identical twins are usually not of the same sex

C. twins separated at birth behave exactly the same

D. identical twins are genetically the same

4.What does the underlined word “this” in Paragraph 4 refer to?

A. Our love of sports.　　　　　　 B. Our attitude to risk-taking.

C. Our skill at bungee jumping.　　 D. Our ability to take drugs.

高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析

Every baby born a decade from now will have its genetic code (基因编码) mapped at birth, the head of the worlds’ leading genome sequencing (基因图谱) company has predicted.

A complete DNA read – out for every newborn will be technically possible and affordable in less than five years, promising a revolution in healthcare, says Jay Flatley, the chief executive of Illumina. Only social and legal problems are likely to delay the age of “genome sequences,” or genetic profiles. By 2019 it will have become routine to map infants’ genes when they are born, Dr Flatly told The Times.

This will open a new approach to medicine, by which conditions such as high blood pressure and heart disease can be predicted and prevented and drugs used more safely and effectively.

A baby’s genome can be discovered at birth by a blood test. By examining a person’s genome, it is possible to identify raised risks of developing diseases such as cancers. Those at high risk can then be screened more regularly, or given drugs or dietary advice to lower their chances of becoming ill.

Personal genomes could also be used to ensure that patients get the medicine that is most likely to work for them and least likely to have side – effects.

The development, however, will raise legal concerns about privacy and access to individuals’ genetic records.

“Bad things can be done with the genome. It could predict something about someone – and you could possibly hand the information to their employer or their insurance company.” said Dr Flatley.

“People have to recognize that this horse is out of the barn, and that your genome probably can’t be protected, because everywhere you go you leave your genome behind. Complete genetic privacy, however, is unlikely to be possible”, he added.

As the benefits become clearer, however, he believes that most people will want their genomes read and interpreted. The risk is nothing compared with the gain.

1.In the first two paragraphs, the author mainly wants to tell us about         .

A．the significant progress in medicine

B．the promise of a leading company

C．the information of babies’ genes

D．the research of medical scientists

2.Which of the following is a problem caused by this approach?

A．The delaying in discovering DNA.

B．The risk of developing diseases at birth.

C．The side – effects of medicine on patients.

D．The letting out of personal genetic information.

3.What does the underlined sentence “… this horse is out of the barn” mean?

A．Genetic mapping technique has been widely used.

B．Genetic mapping technique is too horrible to control.

C．People are eager to improve genetic mapping technique.

D．people can’t stop genetic mapping technique advancing.

4.What’s Dr Flatley’s attitude towards the technology?

A．Tolerant.    B．Conservative.    C．Positive.    D．Doubtful.

高三英语阅读理解困难题查看答案及解析

Every day born a decade from now will have its genetic code(基因编码)mapped at birth, the head of the world’s leading genome sequencing(基因图谱)company has predicted.

A complete DNA read – out for every newborn will be technically possible and affordable in less than five years, promising a revolution in healthcare, says Jay Flatley, the chief executive of Illumina. Only social and legal problems are likely to delay the age of “genome sequences,” or genetic profiles. By 2019 it will have become routine to map infants’ genes when they are born, Dr Flatly told The Times.

This will open a new approach to medicine, by which conditions such as high blood pressure and heart disease can be predicted and prevented and drugs used more safely and effectively.

A baby’s genome can be discovered at birth by a blood test. By examining a person’s genome, it is possible to identify raised risks of developing diseases such as cancers. Those at high risk can then be screened more regularly, or given drugs or dietary advice to lower their chances of becoming ill.

Personal genomes could also be used to ensure that patients get the medicine that is most likely to work for them and least likely to have side – effects.

The development, however, will raise legal concerns about privacy and access to individuals’ genetic records.

“Bad things can be done with the genome. It could predict something about someone – and you could possibly hand the information to their employer or their insurance company.” said Dr Flatley.

“People have to recognize that this horse is out of the barn, and that your genome probably can’t be protected, because everywhere you go you leave your genome behind. Complete genetic privacy, however, is unlikely to be possible”, he added.

As the benefits become clearer, however, he believes that most people will want their genomes read and interpreted. The risk is nothing compared with the gain.

1.In the first two paragraphs, the author mainly wants to tell us about__________.

A. the significant progress in medicine

B. the promise of a leading company

C. the information of babies’ genes

D. the research of medical scientists

2.Which of the following is a problem caused by this approach?

A. The delaying in discovering DNA.

B. The risk of developing diseases at birth.

C. The side effects of medicine on patients.

D. The letting out of personal genetic information.

3.What does the underlined sentence “… this horse is out of the barn” mean?

A. Genetic mapping technique has been widely used.

B. people can’t stop genetic mapping technique advancing.

C. People are eager to improve genetic mapping technique.

D. Genetic mapping technique is too horrible to control.

4.What’s Dr Flatley’s attitude towards the technology?

A. Tolerant.　　 B. Conservative.　　 C. Positive.　　 D. Doubtful.

高三英语阅读理解困难题查看答案及解析

AI can identify rare genetic disorders

People with genetic syndromes (基因遗传综合症) sometimes have revealing facial features, but using them to make a quick and cheap diagnosis can be tricky when there are hundreds of possible conditions they may have. A new neural(神经的) network that analyses photographs of faces can help doctors narrow down the possibilities.

Gurovich at biotechnology firm FDNA in Boston and his team built a neural network to look at the gestalt (形态)– or overall impression of faces and return a list of the 10 genetic syndromes a person is most likely to have.

They trained the neural network, called DeepGestalt, on 17,000 images correctly labeled to correspond to more than 200 genetic syndromes. The team then asked the AI to identify potential genetic disorders from a further 502 photographs of people with such conditions. It included the correct answer among its list of 10 responses 91 per cent of the time.

Gurovich and his team also tested the AI’s ability to distinguish between different genetic mutations (突变) that can lead to the same syndrome. They used images of people with Noonan syndrome, which can result from mutations in one of five genes. DeepGestalt accurately identified the genetic source of the physical appearance 64 per cent of the time.

“It’s clearly not perfect,” says Gurovich. “But it’s still much better than humans are at trying to do this.”

As the system makes its assessments, the facial regions that were most helpful in the determination are highlighted and made available for doctors to view. This helps them to understand the relationships between genetic make-up and physical appearance.

The fact that the diagnosis is based on a simple photograph raises questions of privacy. If faces can reveal details about genetics, then employers and insurance providers could, in principle, secretly use such techniques to discriminate against people with a high probability of having certain disorders.

However, Gurovich says the tool will only be available to doctors. Christoffer Nellaker at the University of Oxford says this technique could bring significant benefits for those with genetic syndromes.

“This is not fundamentally different information than we’re sharing walking down the street, or we’re happy to share with Facebook or Google,” he says. “But questioning the data in this way means you can obtain information about health or disease status.

“The real value here is that for some of these extreme rare diseases, the process of diagnosis can be many, many years. This kind of technology can help narrow down the search space and then be confirmed through checking genetic markers,” he says.

For some diseases, this kind of technology will cut down the time to diagnose thoroughly. For others, it could perhaps add a means of finding other people with the disease and, in turn, help find new treatments or cures.

1.What is the purpose of Gurovich’s neural network?

A.To test the AI’s ability.

B.To analyze photographs of faces.

C.To help doctors reduce the range of the diagnosis.

D.To research the overall impression of patients’ faces.

2.What disadvantage does Deep Gestalt bring?

A.It will probably involve in the people’s privacy.

B.It cannot provide information about health or disease.

C.The diagnosis based on a simple photograph is not accurate.

D.It could perhaps add a means of finding other people with the disease.

3.What can we learn from the passage?

A.The result of the assessments for this system is perfect.

B.Deep Gestalt can correctly label 200 genetic syndromes.

C.It seems doubtful to use AI to distinguish genetic mutations.

D.This kind of technology can speed up the diagnostic process.

4.What is the author’s attitude to this technique?

A.Supportive. B.Puzzled.

C.Doubtful. D.Negative.

高三英语阅读理解困难题查看答案及解析

We all have our bad days. No one is going to wake up each and every morning in a cheery mood. Sometimes we all feel just a little bit grumpier (脾气暴躁的) than usual, and that’s just a part of being human. Yet once we get to the office, many in the workforce feel it necessary to hide their emotions, whether they are in frustration, anger, or sadness. Interestingly, a new study finds keeping one’s behavior at the office authentic will result in greater productivity and a better relationship with co-workers. In other words: act how you feel, and don’t fake it.

It’s extremely common for the average workspace to preach an attitude of continuous positivity. While this may be beneficial from the CEO’s viewpoint, it just isn’t realistic when applied to real people with real problems and daily hardships. That’s why, the research team have concluded, employees will actually feel better, work harder, and connect more with their colleagues if they don’t hide their feelings with a fake smile.

Over 2,500 working adults, from a variety of industries such as finance or engineering, took part in this research via surveys. The questionnaires measured two distinct types of on-the-job emotional regulation: surface acting and deep acting. Surface acting means faking happiness while interacting with other employees; and deep acting refers to actively trying to change one’s emotions and feelings in order to be more pleasant at work. The study’s authors were interested to see how common it is for working adults to regulate their emotions while on the clock, and if so. Why? What benefits are employees gaining from such behavior?

After analyzing all of the survey responses, researchers identified four distinct types of individuals who hide or regulate their emotions around co-workers. “Non-actors” rarely hide their true feelings, and if they do, only to a very small extent. “Low actors” usually take part in only slight deep and surface acting. “Deep actors” perform lots of deep acting and low levels of surface acting, and “Regulators” exhibit high levels of both surface and deep acting.

By far non-actors were the smallest identified group in the study. Regulators, or employees who tend to hide their true feelings most often, are usually motivated by feelings of self-interest. These people believe that by hiding their feelings they will gain access to additional work resources and look good in front of their managers and co-workers. Deep actors, on the other hand, are usually more motivated by “pro-social” factors. This means they choose to hide their emotions because they believe it develops a healthier working environment. Regulators are the most likely of the four to experience great emotional tiredness and exhaustion. Meanwhile, deep actors tend to achieve improved well-being most frequently.

1.Many office workers tend to ________.

A.show their anger B.behave naturally

C.focus on their jobs only D.pretend to be happy

2.What does the underlined word “preach” mean in the second paragraph?

A.Promote. B.Forbid. C.Change. D.Ignore

3.How was the study carried out?

A.By performing experiments.

B.By analyzing questionnaire data.

C.By taking field trips to offices.

D.By interviewing CEOs.

4.What do we know about “regulators”?

A.They are straightforward and like to help others.

B.They are more surface acting than deep acting.

C.They like to build an image that will benefit them.

D.They are self-interested and will do whatever it takes to succeed.

5.What conclusion can we draw from the passage?

A.“Non-actors” always hold back their true feelings on purpose.

B.“Low-actors” are, most likely to display their true feelings.

C.Hiding true feelings is sure to leave a good impression.

D.It is worthwhile to become deep actors in a way.

6.Through the passage the author mainly intends to

A.stress the significance of displaying true feelings

B.highlight the importance of hiding true feelings

C.urge people to keep a cheerful emotion at work

D.persuade people to better their working efficiency

高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析

Each zebra has its own unique pattern of distinctive stripes (带), just 1.humans have their own unique pattern of fingerprints, Zebras stick together in herds (兽群). Within a herd, zebras tend 2. (stay) together in smaller family groups. Families are generally made up of a male, several females, 3.their young.

As zebras graze, they use their sharper front teeth to bite the grass, and then use their duller back teeth to crush and grind. A zebra’s teeth keep growing for 4. (it) entire life, because constant chewing 5. (wear) them down.

Zebras are6. (constant) on the move to find fresh grass and water. Sometimes they gather in huge herds of thousands as they migrate to better feeding7. (area). They often travel in8. (mix) herds with other grazers and browsers, such as wildebeest.

Zebras groom (理毛) one another, If you see two zebras standing close9. each other and it looks like they’re biting each other, don’t worry. They’re pulling loose hairs off each other as they groom. Grooming also feels good to a zebra—it’s like having an itch scratched,

While most zebras are least endangered, Grevy’s Zebra 10. (classify) as endangered.

高三英语语法填空中等难度题查看答案及解析

We often talk about ourselves as if we have permanent genetic defects （缺陷） that can never be changed．“I’m impatient．” “I’m always behind．” “I always put things 21!” You’ve surely heard them．Maybe you’ve used them to describe 22．

These comments may come from stories about us that have been 23 for years—often from 24 childhood．These stories may have no 25  in fact．But they can set low expectations for us．As a child, my mother said to me, “Marshall, you have no mechanical （操作机械的） skills, and you will never have any mechanical skills for the rest of your life．” How did these expectations 26 my development? I was never 27 to work on cars or be around 28．When I was 18, I took the US Army’s Mechanical Aptitude Test．My scores were in the bottom for the entire nation!

Six years later, 29 , I was at California University, working on my doctor’s degree．One of my professors, Dr．Bob Tannbaum, asked me to write down things I did well and things I couldn’t do．On the positive side, I 30 down, “research, writing, analysis, and speaking．” On the 31 side, I wrote, “I have no mechanical skills．”

Bob asked me how I knew I had no mechanical skills．I explained my life 32 and told him about my 33 performance on the Army test．Bob then asked, “34 is it that you can solve 35 mathematical problems, but you can’t solve simple mechanical problems?”

Suddenly I realized that I didn’t 36 from some sort of genetic defect．I was just living out expectations that I had chosen to 37．At that point, it wasn’t just my family and friends who had been 38 my belief that I was mechanically hopeless．And it wasn’t just the Army test, either．I was the one who kept telling myself, “You can’t do this!” I realized that as long as I kept saying that, it was going to remain true．39 , if we don’t treat ourselves as if we have incurable genetic defects, we can do well in almost 40 we choose．

高三英语完型填空中等难度题查看答案及解析

Humans have uniquely expressive faces. We laugh, we cry, we turn red with feeling. Now, scientists report that blue-and-yellow macaws(金刚鹦鹉) may join us in this club of emotions – at least,when it comes to blushing.

Parrots are known for being clever and chatty. They ' re even skilled enough to make their own tools and occasionally nose their way into human machines like cars. Their curiosity and courage are what make them excellent pets. So it ' s no surprise that they have their own range of communication tools. On the whole, birds are no strangers to blushing. Many different kinds of birds have been known to exhibit this hehavior. Parrot owners often notice it in their pets. The motivations behind it are still a mystery to scientists , though.

To zero in on why macaw faces blush,some scientists led by Aline Bertin of the University of Tours studied five captive blue-and-yellow macaws as they interacted with each other and their human caretakers. They were amazed to see that human attention seemed to make the macaws blush. The blushing died down when the caretakers ignored the parrots.

Facial expressions can be signs of a human ' s emotional state. Likewise, bird blushing could convey well-being. It' s not quite as　 obvious as　 smiling. Still, it ' s fairly impressive. After all, these macaws don' t have the same facial muscles that we do. The birds are much smarter and kinder than they look. They are believed to be as intelligent as monkeys.

Bertin and the other scientists believe their work opens the door to further research. One limitation of the study is that no macaws in natural environment have been observed. That makes it hard to draw conclusions about the birds as a species. They are also not quite sure what the blushing means. There is still more to learn about these possible expressions of emotion.

1.Which　 of the　 following best explains" captive" in paragraph 3 ?

A. Unique.　　 B. Talkative.

C. Curious.　　 D. Caged.

2.Birds might blush_____________.

A. when people ignore them .　　 B. to show they are happy.

C. to show they are hungry .　　 D. when something upsets them.

3.What is TRUE about scientists ' reaction to macaws blushing?

A. They are puzzled by how birds can communicate with one another.

B. They are motivated to continue studying how macaws express emotion.

C. They are curious about why other birds are unable to convey emotion.

D. They are interested to study monkeys to see if they blush as strongly.

4.What is the main idea of the text?

A. Parrots make excellent pets.

B. Parrots are skilled to make tools.

C. The macaws can communicate with each other.

D. The macaws can go red in the face with feeling.

高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析

We are more dependent on technology now than ever before-and for good reason. Our cell phones have more capabilities than laptops did 5 years ago. Technology is quickly becoming faster, more reliable, and yes, more portable.

Because of this, now is a great time to look into purchasing a laptop. Laptops now have the same computing power as desktops and are the least expensive they’ve ever been. If you’ re constantly on the go, it makes sense to have one.

We feature a lot of hot tech deals here at MakeUseOf, but if you’re in the market for a laptop, I've collected the top two laptop computers for you. I only looked at laptops priced under $1,000 that had at least 4GB of RAM, a dual-core processor, and came with Windows 7. Let’s see what we camp up with!

1. Sony Vaio FW 560F/T

Processor: Intel Core 2 Duo P7450/2. 13GHz

Memory: 6 GB（8GB Max）

Hard Drive: 500GB

This Sony Vaio laptop has a lot of features that make it very attractive. With a 16-inch screen, it is very slim. It has Blu-ray playback and decent gaming performance, although it doesn’t support 1080p. It makes for a very good multimedia notebook.

2. Samsung NP-R580-JSB1US

Processor: Intel Core i5 15-430M/2. 26GHz

Memory: 4 GB

Hard Drive: 500GB

This laptop comes with a Core i5 processor, NVIDIA graphics, and Blu-ray support. I’ve read that the touch-pad is uncomfortable at times, but the processing power and graphics make it a great laptop with decent battery life.

1.What is the normal memory of Sony Vaio FW560F/T?

A. 8G　　　　　　　 B. 5GB　　　　　　　 C. 4GB　　　　　　 D. 6GB

2.What’s the similarity of Sony Vaio FW560F/T and Samsung NP-R580-JSB1US?

A. Processor　　　　 B. Memory

C. Hard drive　　 D. Features

3.The underlined phrase “ makes sense” in Paragraph 2 can be replaced by____.

A. is dependent　　 B. is meaningful

C. is reliable　 　 D. is portable

4.Which of the following is true?

A. Our cell phones have more capabilities than laptops did 3 years ago.

B. Laptops now are the most expensive they’ve ever been.

C. Sony Vaio laptop is very attractive with a 16-inch screen.

D. Sony Vaio laptop supports 1080p.

高三英语阅读理解困难题查看答案及解析

______ we talk to each other, I feel happy.

A. Every time when　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　 B. Every time that

C. Every time　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　 D. Every time which　　　　　　

高三英语单项填空简单题查看答案及解析