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One of the most important recent medical breakthroughs has been the impact of gut flora（肠道菌群）on overall health. This dynamic mix of bacteria in the digestive tract（消化道）may affect everything from obesity to asthma（哮喘）．
The Gut-Mood Link
Anyone who's ever experienced "butterflies" in his or her stomach knows that the gut and the brain are connected. But until recently, scientists hadn't realized that the trillions of bacteria in our digestive tract may be driving the relationship.
One recent experiment suggests that you can control calm. Canadian researchers gave healthy mice a mixture of antibiotics, which change the makeup of GI-tract（胃肠道）bacteria. Over two weeks, some animals became more anxious and some less, depending on which drugs they received. In another study, when gut bacteria from calm mice were transferred to anxious mice, the jittery（紧张的）creatures seemed less nervous.
UCLA professor Kirsten Tillisch, doctor of medicine, recently had healthy women eat a yogurt
rich in certain types of "good" probiotic（益生菌的）bacteria. Two 'Control groups ate yogurt without such bacteria or ate nothing. Brain scans of the probiotic-yogurt eaters indicated changes in regions that could be associated with a less-anxious response in fearful or stressful situations compared with the control groups.
Scientists are even exploring whether gut microbes（微生物）might treat some brain disorders. A new study in Cell found that mice with features of autism（自ICJ症）given a type of bacteria in healthy human GI tracts exhibited less autism-like behavior. In a recent case report, a Boston ps. chiatrist says a course of certain probiotics and antibiotics helped relieve a patient's compulsive disorder. -We tend to focus on how your mood affects your body from the top down, not the bottom up," says Dr. Tillisch. "Now we know that the gut affects how your brain responds to the environment- it's a remarkable change in thinking.”
How Bacteria Talk to the Brain Scientists aren't sure how gut flora affect brain chemistry. One theory is that the bacteria access pathways along the nerve, the main highway in the nervous system that links the brain to the gut. Another is that the bacteria influence the immune system, releasing chemicals that affect conditions like depression. Finally, researchers believe that bacteria produce or affect the metabolism（新陈代泻'i) of chemicals, which change brain function.
Dr. Tillisch told me that patients always ask which probiotics will lift their mood．Her answer:
"We don't know yet, but we hope to one day." In the future, patients might receive probiotics or transplant（移植） in which bacteria from the gut of a healthy person are transferred to the gut of a sic': one-to prevent or treat mental health issues. But these approaches are years away from primary time．Until then, a diet rich in fruit and veggies helps cultivate（培养）better-balanced microbes than a typical Western diet high in animal and processed products. Avoiding unnecessary antibiotics, particularly in early childhood, may also establish healthier gut bacteria.
1. According to the passage, gut bacteria might help us in many ways EXCEPT＿_．
A. lightening our mood B. treating autism
C. relieving depression D. transplanting gut flora
2.The missing sentence "Everyday foods may also affect the composition of gut bacteria, and in
turn, brain chemistry." could be put before＿_·
A. Paragraph 2 B. Paragraph 3
C. Paragraph 4 D. Paragraph 5
3.Which of the following can be the best subtitle for the last paragraph?
A. Cultivating a Happier Gut
B. Growing Bacteria in the Future
C. Balancing Microbes and Diet
D. Living a Happy Healthy Life
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
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The science of computer, _______rapid progress has been made in recent years, is the most important of all science.
A．which B．with which C．in which D．to which
高三英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析
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Of all the websites, one that has attracted attention recently is myspace．corn．Most of this attention has come from the media and tells every reason why the website should be shut down．The threat of internet predators （掠夺者） is indeed a tough reality, but shutting down the site is not the answer．If myspace．corn．were shut down, another site would quickly take its place．Therefore, the right way is to teach teens how to use the site safely and educate them about who may be predators and how to avoid them．
The key to staying safe on the Internet is to make sure that your profile （个人资料）is secure．The simplest way is to change the privacy setting on your profile to "private", which protects your information so that only the people on your friend list can view it．Although this is effective , it is not perfect．Predators can find ways to view your profile if they really want to, whether through hacking in or figuring out their way onto your friend list．Thus, you should never post too much personal information．Some people actually post their home and school addresses, date of birth, and other personal information, often letting predators know exactly where they will be and when．The safest information is your first name and province．Anything more is basically inviting a predator into your life．
Another big issue is photos．I suggest completely skipping photos and never posting a photo of a friend online without asking permission．
Most importantly, never, under any circumstances, agree to a real - life meeting with anyone you meet online．No matter how well you think you know this person, there are no guarantees that they have told the truth．But you could feel free to chat with people you meet on the site, but just remember that not everyone is who they say they are．Hopefully, the next time you edit your profile, you' 11 be more informed about the dangers of Internet predators and take the steps to defend yourself．
1.Kids can avoid web predators successfully by ___
A．attracting more public attention
B．shutting down the website "myspace．corn"
C．showing the kids ways to try other sites
D．recognizing and getting away from them
2.The safest basic personal information that you can share online is
A．your home address and birthday
B．your school address and your first name
C．your first name and province
D．your province and cell phone number
3.We can learn from the passage that _____．
A．not everybody you meet online is honest and reliable
B．it is not acceptable to post a photo of a friend online
C．it is not safe chatting with grown - ups on the website
D．only you and your friends can view your personal profile
4.What could be the best title of this passage?
A．Web Safety for Teens． B．Personal Safety．
C．Web Hackers in the Past． D．Predators'Tricks．
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
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Of all the websites, one that has attracted attention recently is myspace.com. Most of this attention has come from the media and tells every reason why the website should be shut down. The danger of internet predators(窃掠者) is indeed a tough reality, but shutting down the site is not the answer. If myspace.com were shut down, another site would quickly take its place. Therefore, the right way is to teach teens how to use the site safely and educate them about who may be predators and how to avoid them.
The key to staying safe on the Internet is to make sure that your profile(个人资料) is secure. The simplest way is to change the privacy setting on your profile to “private”, which protects your information so that only the people on your friend list can view it. Although this is effective, it is not perfect. Predators can find ways to view your profile if they really want to, whether through hacking(非法侵入) in or figuring out their way onto your friend list. Thus, you should never post too much personal information. Some people actually post their home and school addresses, date of birth, and other personal information, often letting predators know exactly where they will be and when. The safest information is your first name and province. Anything more is basically inviting a predator into your life.
Another big problem is photos. I suggest completely skipping photos and never posting a photo of a friend online without asking permission.
Most importantly, never, under any circumstances, agree to a real-life meeting with anyone you meet online. No matter how well you think you know this person, there are no guarantees that they have told the truth. But you could feel free to chat with people you meet on the site, but just remember that not everyone is who they say they are. Hopefully, the next time you edit your profile, you’ll be more informed about the dangers of Internet predators and take the steps to defend yourself.
Lastly, do not send money to anyone you meet online. A common scam among Internet criminals is to request to pay for “expensive Internet charges” or “unreasonable Internet cafe fees”. While it is indeed true that many countries in Eastern Europe, Asia, Africa and South America do not yet have Internet service readily available in all cities and towns, a sincere friend from one of these countries will be more than happy to pay their own Internet charges. Never, under any circumstances, should you send money to a stranger from another country(or within your own country for that matter) who claims monetary assistance is required to continue their contact with you.
1.Kids can avoid web predators successfully by________.
A. attracting more public attention
B. shutting down the “myspace.com”
C. learning different ways to try other sites
D. recognizing and getting away from them
2.68. We can learn from the text that________.
A. everybody you meet online isn’t honest and reliable
B. it is not acceptable to post a photo of a friend online
C. it is not safe to chat with grown-ups on the website
D. only you and your friends can view your personal profile
3.What does the underlined word “scam” in the last paragraph mean?
A. A thing that you can have two choices.
B. An unpleasant task that tests one’s ability.
C. A possibility of something happening.
D. An illegal plan for making money.
4.What could be the best title of this passage?
A. Personal Safety. B. Web Safety for Teens.
C. Web Hackers in the past. D. Predators’ Tricks.
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
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Of all the websites, one that has attracted attention recently is myspace.com. Most of this attention has come from the media and tells every reason why the website should be shut down. The danger of internet predators(窃掠者) is indeed a tough reality, but shutting down the site is not the answer. If myspace.com were shut down, another site would quickly take its place. Therefore, the right way is to teach teens how to use the site safely and educate them about who may be predators and how to avoid them.
The key to staying safe on the Internet is to make sure that your profile(个人资料) is secure. The simplest way is to change the privacy setting on your profile to “private”, which protects your information so that only the people on your friend list can view it. Although this is effective, it is not perfect. Predators can find ways to view your profile if they really want to, whether through hacking(非法侵入) in or figuring out their way onto your friend list. Thus, you should never post too much personal information. Some people actually post their home and school addresses, date of birth, and other personal information, often letting predators know exactly where they will be and when. The safest information is your first name and province. Anything more is basically inviting a predator into your life.
Another big problem is photos. I suggest completely skipping photos and never posting a photo of a friend online without asking permission.
Most importantly, never, under any circumstances, agree to a real-life meeting with anyone you meet online. No matter how well you think you know this person, there are no guarantees that they have told the truth. But you could feel free to chat with people you meet on the site, but just remember that not everyone is who they say they are. Hopefully, the next time you edit your profile, you’ll be more informed about the dangers of Internet predators and take the steps to defend yourself.
Lastly, do not send money to anyone you meet online. A common scam among Internet criminals is to request to pay for “expensive Internet charges” or “unreasonable Internet cafe fees”. While it is indeed true that many countries in Eastern Europe, Asia, Africa and South America do not yet have Internet service readily available in all cities and towns, a sincere friend from one of these countries will be more than happy to pay their own Internet charges. Never, under any circumstances, should you send money to a stranger from another country(or within your own country for that matter) who claims monetary assistance is required to continue their contact with you.
1.Kids can avoid web predators successfully by________.
A. attracting more public attention
B. shutting down the “myspace.com”
C. learning different ways to try other sites
D. recognizing and getting away from them
2.We can learn from the text that________.
A. everybody you meet online isn’t honest and reliable
B. it is not acceptable to post a photo of a friend online
C. it is not safe to chat with grown-ups on the website
D. only you and your friends can view your personal profile
3.What does the underlined word “scam” in the last paragraph mean?
A. A thing that you can have two choices.
B. An unpleasant task that tests one’s ability.
C. A possibility of something happening.
D. An illegal plan for making money.
4.What could be the best title of this passage?
A. Personal Safety. B. Web Safety for Teens.
C. Web Hackers in the past. D. Predators’ Tricks.
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
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The triathlon(铁人三项运动) promises to be one of the most popular Olympic sports.Recently it has drawn huge crowds attracted by athletes swimming 1,500m，cycling 40km，then running 10km without stopping.But what makes an attractive 17yearold girl give up everything for the doubtful pleasure it offers?
Melanie Sears has not yet learnt those oftenrepeated phrases about personal satisfaction，mental challenge and higher targets that most athletes use when asked similar questions.“You swim for 1,500m，then run out of the water and jump on your bike，still wet.Of course，then you freeze.When the 40km cycle ride is over，you have to run 10km，which is a long way when you’re feeling exhausted.But it’s great fun，and all worth it in the end，” she says.
Melanie entered her first triathlon at 14 and she won the junior section.Full of confidence，she entered the National Championships，and although she had the second fastest swim and the fastest run，she came nowhere.“I was following this man and suddenly we came to the sea.We realised then that we had gone wrong.I ended up cycling 20 kilometres too far.I cried all the way through the running.”
But she did not give up and was determined that she never will.“Sometimes I wish I could stop，because then the pain would be over，but I am afraid that if I let myself stop just once，I would be tempted(诱惑) to do it again.”Such doggedness draws admiration from Steve Trew，the sport’s director of coaching.“I’ve just been testing her fitness，” he says, “and she worked so hard on the running machine that it finally threw her off and into a wall.She had given it everything，and she just kept on.”
Melanie was top junior in this year’s European Triathlon Championships，finishing 13th.“I was almost as good as the top three in swimming and running，but much slower in cycling.That’s why I’m working very hard at it.” She is trying to talk her longsuffering parents，who will carry the ￡1,300 cost of her trip to New Zealand for this year’s world championships，into buying a ￡2,000 bike，so she can try 25km and 100km races later this year.
But there is another price to pay.“I don’t have a social life，”she says.“After two hours’ hard swimming on Friday night，I just want to go to sleep.But I phone and write to the other girls in the team.” What does she talk about？Boys？Clothes？“No，what sort of times they are achieving.”
1.How does Melanie differ from other athletes，according to the writer?
A．She worries less than they do.
B．She expresses herself differently.
C．Her family background is not like theirs.
D．Her aims are different from theirs.
2.What upset Melanie during the National Championships?
A．She was tricked by another competitor.
B．She felt she had let her teammates down.
C．She made a mistake during part of the race.
D．She realized she couldn’t cycle as fast as she thought.
3.What is Melanie trying to persuade her parents to do?
A．Buy an expensive bike for her.
B．Give her half the cost of a bike.
C．Let her compete in longer races.
D．Pay for her to go to New Zealand.
4.What does Melanie say about her relationships with her teammates?
A．She would like to see them more often.
B．She only discusses the triathlon with them.
C．She thinks they find her way of life strange.
D．She dislikes discussing boys or clothes with them.
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
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Celebrity (名人) has become one of the most important representatives of popular culture. Fans used to be crazy about a specific film, but now the public tends to base its consumption on the interest of celebrity attached to any given product. Besides, fashion magazines have almost abandoned the practice of putting models on the cover because they don’t sell nearly as well as famous faces. As a result, celebrities have realized their unbelievably powerful market potential, moving from advertising for others’ products to developing their own.
Celebrity clothing lines aren’t a completely new phenomenon, but in the past they were typically aimed at the ordinary consumers, and limited to a few TV actresses. Today they’re started by first-class stars whose products enjoy equal fame with some world top brands. The most successful start-ups have been those by celebrities with specific personal style. As celebrities become more and more experienced at the market, they expand their production scale rapidly, covering almost all the products of daily life.
However, for every success story, there’s a related warning tale of a celebrity who overvalued his consumer appeal. No matter how famous the product’s origins is, if it fails to impress consumers with its own qualities it begins to resemble an exercise in self-promotional marketing. And once the initial (最初的）attention dies down, consumer interest might fade, loyalty returning to tried-and-true labels.
Today, celebrities face ever more severe embarrassment. The pop-cultural circle might be bigger than ever, but its rate of turnover has speeded up as well. Each misstep threatens to reduce a celebrity’s shelf life, and the same newspaper or magazine that once brought him fame has no problem picking him to pieces when the opportunity appears. Still, the ego’s (自我的）potential for expansion is limitless. Having already achieved great wealth and public recognition, many celebrities see fashion as the next frontier to be conquered. As the saying goes, success and failure always go hand in hand. Their success as designers might last only a short time, but fashion — like celebrity — has always been temporary.
1. Fashion magazines today ________.
A. seldom put models on the cover
B. no longer put models on the cover
C. need not worry about celebrities’ market potential
D. judge the market potential of every celebrity correctly
2. A change in the consumer market can be found today that _______.
A. price rather than brand name is more concerned
B. producers prefer models to celebrities for achievements
C. producers prefer TV actresses to film stars for advertisements
D. quality rather than the outside of products is more concerned
3. The underlined sentence in Paragraph 4 indicates that any wrong step will possibly ______.
A. decrease the popularity of a celebrity and the sales of his products
B. damage the image of a celebrity in the eyes of the general public
C. cut short the artistic careen of a celebrity in show business
D. influence the price of a celebrity’s products
4. The passage is mainly about _______.
A. celebrity and personal style
B. celebrity and market potential
C. celebrity and fashion design
D. celebrity and clothing industry
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
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Celebrity(名人) has become one of the most important representatives of popular culture. Fans used to be crazy about a specific film, but now the public tends to base its consumption(消费) on the interest of celebrity attached to any given product. Besides, fashion magazines have almost abandoned the practice of putting models on the cover because they don’t sell nearly as well as famous faces. As a result, celebrities have realized their unbelievably powerful market potential, moving from advertising for others’ products to developing their own.
Celebrity clothing lines aren’t a completely new phenomenon, but in the past they were typically aimed at the ordinary consumers, and limited to a few TV actresses. Today they’re started by first-c
lass stars whose products enjoy equal fame with some world top brands. The most successful start-ups have been those by celebrities with specific personal style. As celebrities become more and more experienced at the market, they expand their production scale rapidly, covering almost all the products of daily life.However, for every success story, there’s a related warning tale
of a celebrity who overvalued his consumer appeal. No matter how famous the product’s origin is, if it fails to impress consumers with its own qualities, it begins to resemble an exercise in self-promotional marketing. And once the initial(最初的) attention dies down, consumer interest might fade, loyalty(忠诚) returning to tried-and-true labels.Today, celebrities face even more severe embarrassment. The pop-cultural circle might be bigger than ever, but its rate of turnover has speeded up as well. Each misstep threatens to reduce a celebrity’s shelf life, and the same newspaper or magazine that once brought him fame has no problem picking him to pieces when the opportunity appears. Still, the ego’s(自我的) potential for expa
nsion is limitless. Having already achieved great wealth and public recognition, many celebrities see fashion as the next frontier to be conquered. As the saying goes, success and failure always go hand in hand. Their success as designers might last only a short time, but fashion—like celebrity—has always been temporary.1.Fashion magazines today .
A. seldom put models on the cover
B. no longer put models on the cover
C. need not worry about celebrities’ market potential
D. judge the market potential of every celebrity correctly
2.A change in the consumer market can be found today that .
A. price rather than brand name is more concerned
B. producers prefer models to celebrities for advertisements
C. producers prefer TV actresses to film stars for advertisements
D. quality rather than the outside of products is more concerned
3.The underlined sentence in Paragraph 4 indicates that any wrong step will possibly .
A. decrease the popularity of a celebrity and the sales of his products
B. damage the image of a celebrity in the eyes of the general public
C. cut short the artistic career of a celebrity in show business
D. influence the price of a celebrity’s products
4.The passage is mainly about .
A. celebrity and personal style
B. celebrity and market potential
C. celebrity and fashion design
D. celebrity and clothing industry
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
-
Celebrity(名人) has become one of the most important representatives of popular culture. Fans used to be crazy about a specific film, but now the public tends to base its consumption(消费) on the interest of celebrity attached to any given product. Besides, fashion magazines have almost abandoned the practice of putting models on the cover because they don’t sell nearly as well as famous faces. As a result, celebrities have realized their unbelievably powerful market potential, moving from advertising for others’ products to developing their own.
Celebrity clothing lines aren’t a completely new phenomenon, but in the past they were typically aimed at the ordinary consumers, and limited to a few TV actresses. Today they’re started by first-class stars whose products enjoy equal fame with some world top brands. The most successful start-ups have been those by celebrities with specific personal style. As celebrities become more and more experienced at the market, they expand their production scale rapidly, covering almost all the products of daily life.
However, for every success story, there’s a related warning tale of a celebrity who overvalued his consumer appeal. No matter how famous the product’s origin is, if it fails to impress consumers with its own qualities it begins to resemble an exercise in self-promotional marketing. And once the initial(最初的) attention dies down, consumer interest might fade, loyalty(忠诚) returning to tried-and-true labels.
Today, celebrities face even more severe embarrassment. The pop-cultural circle might be bigger than ever, but its rate of turnover has speeded up as well. Each misstep threatens to reduce a celebrity’s shelf life, and the same newspaper or magazine that once brought him fame has no problem picking him to pieces when the opportunity appears. Still, the ego’s(自我的) potential for expansion is limitless. Having already achieved great wealth and public recognition, many celebrities see fashion as the next frontier to be conquered. As the saying goes, success and failure always go hand in hand. Their success as designers might last only a short time, but fashion—like celebrity—has always been temporary.
1.Fashion magazines today .
A.seldom put models on the cover
B.no longer put models on the cover
C.need not worry about celebrities’ market potential
D.judge the market potential of every celebrity correctly
2.A change in the consumer market can be found today that .
A.price rather than brand name is more concerned
B.producers prefer models to celebrities for advertisements
C.producers prefer TV actresses to film stars for advertisements
D.quality rather than the outside of products is more concerned
3.The underlined sentence in Paragraph 4 indicates that any wrong step will possibly .
A.decrease the popularity of a celebrity and the sales of his products
B.damage the image of a celebrity in the eyes of the general public
C.cut short the artistic career of a celebrity in show business
D.influence the price of a celebrity’s products
4.The passage is mainly about .
A.celebrity and personal style B.celebrity and market potential
C.celebrity and fashion design D.celebrity and clothing industry
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
-
Celebrity(名人) has become one of the most important representatives of popular culture. Fans used to be crazy about a specific film, but now the public tends to base its consumption(消费) on the interest of celebrity attached to any given product. Besides, fashion magazines have almost abandoned the practice of putting models on the cover because they don’t sell nearly as well as famous faces. As a result, celebrities have realized their unbelievably powerful market potential, moving from advertising for others’ products to developing their own.
Celebrity clothing lines aren’t a completely new phenomenon, but in the past they were typically aimed at the ordinary consumers, and limited to a few TV actresses. Today they’re started by first-class stars whose products enjoy equal fame with some world top brands. The most successful start-ups have been those by celebrities with specific personal style. As celebrities become more and more experienced at the market, they expand their production scale rapidly, covering almost all the products of daily life.
However, for every success story, there’s a related warning tale of a celebrity who overvalued his consumer appeal. No matter how famous the product’s origin is, if it fails to impress consumers with its own qualities it begins to resemble an exercise in self-promotional marketing. And once the initial(最初的) attention dies down, consumer interest might fade, loyalty(忠诚) returning to tried-and-true labels.
Today, celebrities face even more severe embarrassment. The pop-cultural circle might be bigger than ever, but its rate of turnover has speeded up as well. Each misstep threatens to reduce a celebrity’s shelf life, and the same newspaper or magazine that once brought him fame has no problem picking him to pieces when the opportunity appears. Still, the ego’s(自我的) potential for expansion is limitless. Having already achieved great wealth and public recognition, many celebrities see fashion as the next frontier to be conquered. As the saying goes, success and failure always go hand in hand. Their success as designers might last only a short time, but fashion—like celebrity—has always been temporary.
1.Fashion magazines today ________.
A．seldom put models on the cover
B．no longer put models on the cover
C．need not worry about celebrities’ market potential
D．judge the market potential of every celebrity correctly
2.A change in the consumer market can be found today that ________.
A．price rather than brand name is more concerned
B．producers prefer models to celebrities for advertisements
C．producers prefer TV actresses to film stars for advertisements
D．quality rather than the outside of products is more concerned
3.The underlined sentence in Paragraph 4 indicates that any wrong step will possibly ________.
A．decrease the popularity of a celebrity and the sales of his products
B．damage the image of a celebrity in the eyes of the general public
C．cut short the artistic career of a celebrity in show business
D．influence the price of a celebrity’s products
4.The passage is mainly about ________.
A．celebrity and personal style B．celebrity and market potential
C．celebrity and fashion design D．celebrity and clothing industry
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
lass stars whose products enjoy equal fame with some world top brands. The most successful start-ups have been those by celebrities with specific personal style. As celebrities become more and more experienced at the market, they expand their production scale rapidly, covering almost all the products of daily life.
of a celebrity who overvalued his consumer appeal. No matter how famous the product’s origin is, if it fails to impress consumers with its own qualities, it begins to resemble an exercise in self-promotional marketing. And once the initial(最初的) attention dies down, consumer interest might fade, loyalty(忠诚) returning to tried-and-true labels.