Essentially, everyone has two ages: a chronological(按时间计算的) age, how old the calendar says you are, and a biological age, basically the age at which your body functions as it compares to average fitness or health levels.
“Chronological age isn’t how old we really are. It’s merely a number,” said Professor David Sinclair at Harvard University. “It is biological age that determines our health and ultimately our lifespan(寿命). We all age biologically at different rates according to our genes, what we eat, how much we exercise, and what environment we live in. Biological age is the number of candles we really should be blowing out. In the future, with advances in our ability to control biological age, we may have even fewer candles on our birthday cake than the previous one.”
To calculate biological age, Professor Levine at Yale University identified nine bio-markers that seemed to be the most influential on lifespan by a simple blood test. The numbers of those markers, such as blood sugar and immune measures, can be put into the computer, and the algorithm (算法) does the rest.
Perhaps what’s most important here is that these measures can be changed. Doctors can take this information and help patients make changes to lifestyle, and hopefully take steps to improve their biological conditions. “I think the most exciting thing about this research is that these things aren’t set in stone,” Levine said. “People can be given the information earlier and take steps to improve their health before it’s too late.”
Levine even entered her own numbers into the algorithm. She was surprised by the results. “I always considered myself a very healthy person. I’m physically active; I eat what I consider a fairly healthy diet. But I did not find my results to be as good as I had hoped they would be. It was a wake-up call,” she said.
Levine is working with a group to provide access to the algorithm online so that anyone can calculate their biological age, identify potential risks and take steps to improve their own health in the long run. “No one wants to live an extremely long life with a lot of chronic diseases,” Levine said. “By delaying the development of mental and physical functioning problems, people can still be engaged in society in their senior years. That is the ideal we should be pursuing.”
1.Biological age depends on __________.
A.what the calendar says about our age
B.when we start to take outdoor exercise
C.whether we can adapt ourselves to the environment
D.how well our body works compared with our peers’
2.What does the author mean by saying the underlined part in Paragraph 2?
A.We are chronologically older than last year.
B.We might be less happy than the previous year.
C.We don’t have to celebrate our birthday every year.
D.We may be biologically younger than the year before.
3.What does the author want to tell us by Levine’s example in Paragraph 5?
A.It is necessary to change our diet regularly.
B.The test results may give us wrong information.
C.Waking up early in the morning is good for our fitness.
D.The algorithm can reveal our potential health problems.
4.Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?
A.Bio-markers Can Make Us Younger
B.Chronological Age and Biological Age
C.Old People can Still be Engaged in Society
D.Biological Age can Lag behind or Exceed Chronological Age
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题
Essentially, everyone has two ages: a chronological(按时间计算的) age, how old the calendar says you are, and a biological age, basically the age at which your body functions as it compares to average fitness or health levels.
“Chronological age isn’t how old we really are. It’s merely a number,” said Professor David Sinclair at Harvard University. “It is biological age that determines our health and ultimately our lifespan(寿命). We all age biologically at different rates according to our genes, what we eat, how much we exercise, and what environment we live in. Biological age is the number of candles we really should be blowing out. In the future, with advances in our ability to control biological age, we may have even fewer candles on our birthday cake than the previous one.”
To calculate biological age, Professor Levine at Yale University identified nine bio-markers that seemed to be the most influential on lifespan by a simple blood test. The numbers of those markers, such as blood sugar and immune measures, can be put into the computer, and the algorithm (算法) does the rest.
Perhaps what’s most important here is that these measures can be changed. Doctors can take this information and help patients make changes to lifestyle, and hopefully take steps to improve their biological conditions. “I think the most exciting thing about this research is that these things aren’t set in stone,” Levine said. “People can be given the information earlier and take steps to improve their health before it’s too late.”
Levine even entered her own numbers into the algorithm. She was surprised by the results. “I always considered myself a very healthy person. I’m physically active; I eat what I consider a fairly healthy diet. But I did not find my results to be as good as I had hoped they would be. It was a wake-up call,” she said.
Levine is working with a group to provide access to the algorithm online so that anyone can calculate their biological age, identify potential risks and take steps to improve their own health in the long run. “No one wants to live an extremely long life with a lot of chronic diseases,” Levine said. “By delaying the development of mental and physical functioning problems, people can still be engaged in society in their senior years. That is the ideal we should be pursuing.”
1.Biological age depends on __________.
A.what the calendar says about our age
B.when we start to take outdoor exercise
C.whether we can adapt ourselves to the environment
D.how well our body works compared with our peers’
2.What does the author mean by saying the underlined part in Paragraph 2?
A.We are chronologically older than last year.
B.We might be less happy than the previous year.
C.We don’t have to celebrate our birthday every year.
D.We may be biologically younger than the year before.
3.What does the author want to tell us by Levine’s example in Paragraph 5?
A.It is necessary to change our diet regularly.
B.The test results may give us wrong information.
C.Waking up early in the morning is good for our fitness.
D.The algorithm can reveal our potential health problems.
4.Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?
A.Bio-markers Can Make Us Younger
B.Chronological Age and Biological Age
C.Old People can Still be Engaged in Society
D.Biological Age can Lag behind or Exceed Chronological Age
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
Development of a widely accepted chronology for the arrival of humans has been equally difficult, and it was only with the development of optically stimulated luminescence dating that a human presence in Australia was confirmed at 53,000 to 60,000 years ago. Older dates for a human presence in Australia have now been shown to be erroneous .
The importance of Australia as a separate natural laboratory in which to test extinction theories lies in the fact that humans arrived there much earlier than they arrived in the other continental areas (the Americas and northern Eurasia) that experienced substantial megafaunal extinction. What Miller et al. have shown is that the extinction of Genyornis occurred simultaneously across southeastern Australia (indeed probably right across the continent) about 50,000 years ago. This is very close to the presently accepted time of arrival of humans in Australia. It was also a period of modest climate change, well before the dramatic climatic fluctuations of the terminal Pleistocene. The data of Miller et al., therefore, support those who see human hunting rather than climate as causing the extinction of the megafauna.
Genyornis was a ponderous bird, around 80 to 100 kg in weight, about twice as heavy as the living emu and cassowary. It was an inhabitant of Australias inland plains and some coastal regions, but its legs were relatively short and thick, suggestion that it was a slower runner than the emu. Proponents of humancaused extinction suggest that it is just such characteristics that made the megafauna vulnerable to human hunting.
A new school of thought has recently established itself in the extinction debate. It advocates the idea that a combination of human impact and climate change was responsible for the extinction of the worlds megafauna. The new Genyornis data also weaken that argument, for the following reason. Fifty thousand years ago, Australia was experiencing mild cooling; 11,000 to 12,000 years ago, the Americas were experiencing rapid warming. These disparate climatic conditions, all coincident with megafaunal extinction, suggest that whatever was happening with climate, it was bad for the big animals. Under these conditions, the hybrid model becomes indistinguishable from the humancaused extinction model for the influence of climate becomes extremely weak, and only the arrival of humans is important in predicting extinction.
1. The last word “megafauna” in Paragraph 2 most probably means
A birds. B plants.
C big animals. D small animals.
2. Genyornis was vulnerable to human hunting because it was
A a delicacy. B very weak.
C very small in size. D clumsy.
3. How many models have been put forward for the extinction of Genyoris?
A One. B Two.
C Three. D Four.
4. That Australia experienced mild cooling and the Americas rapid warming suggests that
A the climatic conditions were unfit for Genyornis to live.
B Genyornis were highly adaptable to different climatic conditions.
C The two climatic conditions were both bad for Genyornis.
D The climatic conditions had nothing to do with the extinction of Genyoris.
5. The selection is mainly about
A the debate over the time of the human presence in Australia.
B the relationship between the human presence and magafaunal extinction.
C the relationship between human activities and climatic changes.
D the debate over factors causing megafaunal extinction.
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
Speaking two languages can actually help reduce some effects of aging on the brain, a new study has found.
Researchers tested how long participants needed to _______ from one cognitive (认知) task to another, something that’s known to _______ longer for older adults, said lead researcher, Brain Gold, an expert at the University of Kentucky, “It has great effects these days because our population is _______ gradually,” Gold said. “Seniors are _______ longer, and that’s a good thing, but it’s only a good thing _______ a certain degree that their brains are _______.”
Gold’s team compared task-switching of younger and older _______, knowing they would find slower speeds in the _______ population because of previous studies. _______, they found that older adults who spoke two languages were able to switch mental gear (齿轮) ________ than those who didn’t.
First, Gold and his team ________ 30 people, who were either bilingual (双语的) ________ monolingual (单语的), to look at a series of colored shapes and ________ with the name of each shape by pushing a button. Then, they ________ the participants with a similar series of colored shapes and asked them to respond with what ________ the shapes were by pushing a button. The bilingual people had the ________ to respond faster to the shifting prompts (提示).
Researchers then gathered 80 more people for a second ________; 40 bilinguals and 40 monolinguals. This time, researchers used FMRI machines to ________ brain activity during the same shape-and color-identifying ________. Gold and his team found that bilingual people had different brain activity than their monolingual peers.
“Learning a second language in childhood was thought of as ________,” Gold said. “Actually, it’s beneficial.”
1.A. switch B. perform C. jump D. transport
2.A. hold B. spend C. last D. take
3.A. increasing B. aging C. growing D. exploding
4.A. surviving B. staying C. living D. expecting
5.A. with B. in C. at D. to
6.A. powerful B. healthy C. sensitive D. special
7.A. adults B. researchers C. leaders D. seniors
8.A. random B. ordinary C. older D. younger
9.A. Thus B. Otherwise C. Besides D. However
10.A. faster B. slower C. longer D. better
11.A. paid B. asked C. promised D. forced
12.A. yet B. nor C. or D. and
13.A. remember B. realize C. recall D. reply
14.A. presented B. rewarded C. assisted D. treated
15.A. forms B. types C. colors D. sizes
16.A. right B. ability C. opportunity D. determination
17.A. experiment B. conclusion C. lesson D. task
18.A. recognize B. improve C. make D. record
19.A. tools B. scores C. tasks D. games
20.A. useless B. reasonable C. simple D. interesting
高三英语完形填空困难题查看答案及解析
Cars produced today are essentially smartphones with wheels. For drivers, this has meant many new features: automatic braking (刹车), turn-by-turn directions, infotainment systems. But carmakers are getting much, much more; They’re constantly collecting data from our vehicles, like how much we weigh, how fast we drive, how many children we have-even financial information.
Debates around privacy often focus on companies like Facebook. But today’s connected cars-and tomorrow’s autonomous vehicles show how the commercial opportunities in collecting personal data are limitless. Your location data will allow companies to advertise to you based on where you live, work or frequently travel. Data gathered from voice-command technology could also be useful to advertisers. Data on your driving habits could be valuable to insurance companies. You may or may not choose to share your data with these services. But while you can turn off location data on your cellphone, there’s no such feature for your car.
Because of the increasing complexity of cars and the Internet of Things, data is critical to repair and service. When carmakers control the data, they can choose which service centers receive our information. They’re more likely to share our data only with their branded dealerships than with independent repair shops, which could have the edge in price and convenience.
It’s clear, because of its value-as high as $ 750 billion by 2030-carmakers are unlikely to release control of the data collected from our vehicles. Policymakers, however, have the opportunity to give drivers control-not just so that they can keep their data private but also so that they can share it with the people they want to see it. This will let car owners maintain what they’ve had for a century: the right to decide who fixes their car.
1.What can we learn about the vehicle data?
A.It is available and free to all.
B.It tends to put drivers at risk.
C.It brings drivers limitless profits.
D.It offers whatever the carmakers want.
2.What does the underlined phrase “have the edge” in Paragraph 3 mean?
A.Be weaker. B.Be worse.
C.Be better. D.Be safer.
3.What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A.Car owners already have direct access to their vehicle data.
B.Drivers trade personal information for convenience.
C.Carmakers will share the vehicle data with drivers soon.
D.Laws are expected to bring the data back to drivers.
4.In which section of a newspaper may this text appear?
A.Entertainment. B.Health.
C.Education. D.Science.
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
Everyone has got two personalities一the one that is shown to the world and the other that is secret and real．You don’t show your secret personality when you’re awake because you can control your behavior, but when you’re asleep, your sleeping position shows the real you．In a normal night，of course，people frequently change their position．The important position is the one that you go to sleep in．
●If you go to sleep on your back，you’re a very open person．You normally trust peop1e and you are easily influenced by fashion or new ideas．You don’t like to upset people，so you never express your real feelings．You’re quite shy and you aren’t very confident．
●If you sleep on your stomach，you are a rather secretive person．You worry a lot and you’re always easily upset．You’re very stubborn，but you aren’t very ambitious．You usually live for today not for tomorrow．This means that you enjoy having a good time.
●If you sleep on curling (蜷缩) up，you are probably a very nervous person．You have a low opinion of yourself and so you’re often defensive．You’re shy and you don’t normally like meeting people．You prefer to ________________________________.
●If you sleep on your side，you have usually got a well-balanced personality．You know your strengths and weakness．You’re usually careful．You have a confident personality. You sometimes feel anxious，but you don’t often get depressed．You always say what you think even if it annoys people．
1.What is the best title of the passage? (Please answer within 10 words．)
__________________________________________________________________________
2.Which sentence in the passage can be replaced by the following one?
You always stick to your own opinion，but you don’t have far-reaching goals．
___________________________________________________________________________
3.Please fill in the blank with proper words or phrases to complete the sentence． (Please answer within 10 words．)
___________________________________________________________________________
4.which of the positions do you think is true to you? How can you improve the weakness of your personalities? (Please answer within 30 words．)
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
5.Translate the underlined sentence in the first paragraph into Chinese.
_______________________________________________________________________
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
Everyone has got two personalities-the one that is shown to the world and the other that is secret and real. You don’t show your secret personality when you’re awake because you can control your behavior, but when you’re asleep, your sleeping position shows the real you. In a normal night, of course, people frequently change their positions. The important position is the one that you go to sleep in.
If you go to sleep on your back, you’re a very open person. You normally trust people and you are easily influenced by fashion or new ideas. You don’t like to displease people. So you never express your real feelings. You’re quite shy and you aren’t quite sure of yourself.
If you sleep on your stomach, you are a rather secretive person. You worry a lot and you’re always easily upset. You always stick to your own opinions or judgment, but you don’t raise your hopes too much. You usually live for today not tomorrow. This means that you enjoy having a good time.
If you sleep curled up, you are probably a very nervous person. You have a low opinion of yourself and so you’re often defensive. You’re shy and you don’t normally like meeting people. You prefer to be on your own. You’re easily hurt.
If you sleep on your side, you have usually got a well—balanced personality. You know your strengths and weakness. You’re usually careful. You believe in yourself. You sometimes feel anxious, but you don’t often get sad. You always insist on what you think even if it makes people rather angry.
1.According to the passage, a person, who is not willing to change his mind and hard to deal with, probably sleeps________.
A. on his side B. on his back C. curled up D. on his stomach
2.If a person prefers to sleep curled up rather than on his back, he may be well content to________.
A. do things personally. B. stay alone
C. keep things secret D. trust others easily
3.Which of the following people, in the author’s opinion, most likely have personalities opposite to each other ?
A. The people sleeping on their stomachs and those sleeping on his backs.
B. The people sleeping on their sides and those sleeping curled up.
C. The people sleeping on their backs and those sleeping on their sides.
D. The people sleeping curled up and those sleeping on their stomach.
4.What the author mainly intends to tell us is that ________.
A. one’s sleeping position has something to do with one’s character.
B. everyone has got both real and secret personalities.
C. the position in which one goes to sleep is the most important one.
D. when awake, one does not show one’s secret personality.
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
Everyone has got two personalities—the one that is shown to the world and the other that is secret and real. You don’t show your secret personality when you are awake because you can control your behavior, but when you are asleep, your sleeping position shows the real you. In a normal night, of course, people frequently change their positions. The important position is the one that you go to sleep in.
If you go to sleep on your back, you’re a very open person. You normally trust people and you are easily influenced by fashion or new ideas. You don’t like to displease people. So you never express your real feelings. You’re quite shy and you aren’t quite sure of yourself.
If you sleep on your stomach, you are a rather secretive person. You worry a lot and you’re always easily upset. You always stick to your own opinions or judgment, but you don’t raise your hope too much. You usually live for today not tomorrow. This means that you enjoy having a good time.
If you sleep curled up, you are probably a very nervous person. You have a low opinion of yourself and so you’re often defensive. You’re shy and you don’t normally like meeting people. You prefer to on your own. You’re easily hurt.
If you sleep on your side, you have usually got a well—balanced personality. You know your strengths and weakness. You’re usually careful. You believe in yourself. You sometimes feel anxious, but you don’t often get sad. You always say what you think even if it makes people rather angry.
1.According to the passage, a person, who is not willing to change his mind and hard to deal with, probably sleeps ___.
| A．on his side | B．on his back | C．curled up | D．on his stomach |
2.If a person prefers to sleep curled up rather than on his back, he may be well content to ____.
| A．do things personally. | B．stay alone | C．keep things secret | D．trust others easily |
3. Which of the following people, in the author’s opinion, most likely have personalities opposite to each other ?
| A．The people sleeping on their stomach and those sleeping on his backs. |
| B．The people sleeping on their sides and those sleeping curled up. |
| C．The people sleeping on their backs and those sleeping on their sides. |
| D．The people sleeping curled up and those sleeping on their stomach. |
4. What the author mainly intends to tell us is that _______.
| A．one’s sleeping position has something to do with （与……联系）one’s character. |
| B．everyone has got both real and secret personalities. |
| C．the position in which one goes to sleep is the most important one. |
| D．when awake, one does not show one’s secret personality. |
高三英语阅读理解简单题查看答案及解析
Everyone has got two personalities—the one that is shown to the world and the other that is secret and real. You don't show your secret personality when you are awake because you can control your behavior，but when you are asleep，your sleeping position shows the real you. In a normal night，of course，people frequently change their positions. The important position is the one that you go to sleep in.
If you go to sleep on your back，you're a very open person. You normally trust people and you are easily influenced by fashion or new ideas. You don't like to displease people. So you never express your real feelings. You're quite shy and you aren't quite sure of yourself.
If you sleep on your stomach，you are a rather secretive person. You worry a lot and you're always easily upset. You always stick to your own opinions or judgment，but you don't raise your hope too much. You usually live for today not tomorrow. This means that you enjoy having a good time.
If you sleep curled up，you are probably a very nervous person. You have a low opinion of yourself and so you're often defensive(防卫的). You're shy and you don't normally like meeting people. You prefer to be on your own. You're easily hurt.
If you sleep on your side，you have usually got a well-balanced personality. You know your strength and weakness. You're usually careful. You trust yourself. You sometimes feel anxious，but you don't often get sad. You always say what you think even if it makes people rather angry.
1.According to the passage，a person，who is not willing to change his mind probably sleeps ________.
A．on his side B．on his back
C．curled up D．on his stomach
2.If a person prefers to sleep curled up rather than on his back，he maybe want to ________.
A．do things personally B．stay alone
C．keep things secret D．trust others easily
3.The main idea of this passage is that ________.
A．one's sleeping position has something to do with one's character
B．everyone has got both real and secret personalities
C．the position in which one goes to sleep is the most important one
D．when awake，one does not show one's secret personality
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
The age of adulthood is by definition arbitrary. If everyone matured at the same, fixed rate, it wouldn’t be a human process. Indeed, maturation happens at varying speeds across different categories within the same individual, so I’d say I was easily old enough to vote at 16, but nobody should have given me a credit card until I was 32, and I’ve got the county court judgment to prove it.
However, we broadly agree that there's a difference between a child and an adult, even if we might argue about the transition point. So the political theorist David Runciman's view that six-year-olds should be allowed to vote goes against any standard argument about the age of civic responsibility. Nobody would say that a six-year-old could be held criminally responsible, could be sent to war, could be capable of consent, could be given responsibility for anything. So allowing them the vote-along with, unavoidably, seven-year-olds who are even sillier, if anything-is quite an amusing proposal.
Runciman's argument is that this is the only way to rebalance political life, which is currently twisted in favor of the old, who don't (he added) ever need to demonstrate mental capacity, even long after they've lost it.
The first part of his case is self-evident: pensions are protected while children's centers are closed, concepts such as sovereignty(最高权威) are prioritized over the far more urgent business of the future: climate change. Nostalgia(怀念) for a past the young wouldn't even recognize plays a central role, which is completely unfair.
Most of the arguments against giving six-year-olds a vote are that children would end up voting for something damaging and chaotic, if someone made unrealistic promises to them, which could never be realized.
Well, it's not children's fault.
Having said that, children do tend towards the progressive, having a natural sense of justice (which kicks in at the age of six months, psychologists have shown, by creating scenes of great unfairness to babies, and making them cry) and an underdeveloped sense of self-interest. My kid, when he was six, made quite a forceful case against private property, on the basis that, since everybody needed a house, they shouldn't cost money, because nobody would want anyone else not to have one. Also, food should be free. It was a kind of pre-Marx communism, where you limit the coverage of the market to only those things that you wouldn't mind someone else not having.
On that particular day, when we were registered as voters, my kid was quite far to the left of me, but in the normal run of things, we're united, which brings us to the point of the problem: children obey you on almost nothing, but they do seem to believe in your politics until they're adolescent. So giving kids the vote is really just a way of giving parents extra votes. And what can stop us having even more children, once there's so much enfranchisement(选举权) in it for us?
Now, if parents could be trusted to use their influence wisely, and hammer into children the politics it will take to assure a better future, then I wouldn't necessarily have a problem with that, apart from, obviously, that culture is already wildly twisted towards parents, and I can imagine a few non-parents boiling with fierce anger. But that's not worth talking about anyway, because parents can't be trusted, otherwise we'd all already vote Green(绿党).
In short: no, six-year-olds should not get the vote; but while we're here, if any votes come up in the near future, which will have an impact on the next five decades of British political life, alongside EU migrants,16-year-olds certainly should be enfranchised.
1.The author refers to his age of adulthood to prove that .
A.people mature at different rates in various aspects
B.there's a common standard for the age of adulthood
C.a credit card is more difficult to get than the vote
D.certain rights are granted at different stages of life
2.People reject David Runciman's proposal because .
A.they don't think a child can grow into adulthood earlier
B.they are uncertain whether children can assume responsibility
C.they believe children are far from mature in many ways
D.they know the age to get the vote is not to be questioned
3.The author talks about his kid to indicate that .
A.children are good-natured and like to help people in need
B.children are simple-minded and can fall for an adult's trick
C.children are innocent and don't want to be involved in politics
D.children are in favor of a just society and tend to be idealistic
4.The author thinks allowing children the vote may lead to .
A.twisted culture B.misuse of rights
C.parents' objections D.unusual maturation
5.What is the main point of the passage?
A.Allowing children the vote is not altogether absurd.
B.There is a difference between adults and children.
C.Parents should introduce politics to their children.
D.The definition of adulthood is quite controversial.
高三英语阅读理解困难题查看答案及解析
Our club is open to everyone ____ age, sex or educational background.
A. due to B. except for
C. along with D. regardless of
高三英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析