Traditionally, robots have been hard, made of...

Traditionally, robots have been hard, made of metal and other rigid material. But a team of scientists at Harvard University in the US has managed to build an entirely soft robot-one that draws inspiration from an octopus (章鱼).

Described in science journal Nature, the “Octobot” could pave the way for more effective autonomous robots that could be used in search，rescue and exploration. “The Octobot is minimal system which may serve as a foundation for a new generation of completely soft, autonomous robots” the study’s authors wrote.

Robots built for precise, repetitive movements in a controlled environment don’t do so well on rough terrains (地形) or in unpredictable conditions. And they aren’t especially safe around humans, because they’re made out of hard and heavy parts that could be potentially dangerous to their users.

So researchers have been working on building soft robots for decades. They’re taken inspiration from nature, looking to animals from jellyfish to cockroaches, which are often made up of more flexible matter.

But creating a completely soft robot remains a challenge. Even if engineers build a silicone (硅酮) body, it’s still a grand challenge to construct flexible versions of essential parts, such as a source of power.

“Although soft robotics is still in its early stage, it holds great promise for several applications, such as search-rescue operations and exploration,” Barbara Mazzolai and Virgilio Mattoli of the Italian Institute of Technology’ Center for Micro-BioRobotics, wrote in a comment. “Soft robots might also open up new approaches to improving wellness and quality of life.”

1.What’s the special feature of “Octobot”？

A.It’s soft. B.It’s made of metal.

C.It’s very small. D.It looks like an octopus.

2.What’s the disadvantage of traditional robots?

A.They’re hard to control. B.They’re too heavy to move.

C.They can’t predict conditions. D.They can’t behave well all the time.

3.One of the biggest challenges is to build Octobot’s　　 ________.

A.silicone body B.complex components

C.precise movements D.flexible power source

4.What’s the possible application of “Octobot”？

A.Medical research. B.Life rescue.

C.Machine operation. D.House cleaning.

高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析

Traditionally, robots have been hard, made of metal and other rigid material: But a team of scientists at Harvard University in the US has managed to build an entirely soft robot-one that draws inspiration from an octopus (章鱼).

Described in science journal Nature, the “Octobot” could pave the way for more effective autonomous robots that could be used in search，rescue and exploration. “The Octobot is minimal system which may serve as a foundation for a new generation of completely soft, autonomous robots” the study’s authors wrote.

Robots built for precise, repetitive movements in a controlled environment don’t do so well on rough terrains (地形) or in unpredictable conditions. And they aren’t especially safe around humans, because they’re made out of hard and heavy parts that could be potentially dangerous to their users.

So researchers have been working on building soft robots for decades. They’re taken inspiration from nature, looking to animals from jellyfish to cockroaches, which are often made up of more flexible matter.

But creating a completely soft robot remains a challenge. Even if engineers build a silicone (硅酮) body, it’s still a grand challenge to construct flexible versions of essential parts, such as a source of power.

“Although soft robotics is still in its early stage, it holds great promise for several applications, such as search-rescue operations and exploration,” Barbara Mazzolai and Virgilio Mattoli of the Italian Institute of Technology’ Center for Micro-BioRobotics, wrote in a comment. “Soft robots might also open up new approaches to improving wellness and quality of life.”

1.What’s the special feature of “Octobot”？

A. It’s soft.　　 B. It’s made of metal.

C. It’s very small.　　 D. It looks like an octopus.

2.What’s the disadvantage of traditional robots?

A. They’re hard to control.　　 B. They’re too heavy to move.

C. They can’t predict conditions.　　 D. They can’t behave well all the time.

3.One of the biggest challenges is to build Octobot’s　　 ________.

A. silicone body　　 B. complex components

C. precise movements　　 D. flexible power source

4.What can we infer about the application of “Octobot”？

A. It has been used in various fields

B. It has not been put into use on a large scale.

C. It has been used in the field of rescue

D. It has not been improved yet .

高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析

阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Traditionally, robots have been hard, made of metal and other rigid material. But a team of scientists at Harvard University in the US has managed to build an 1. (entire) soft robot —the “Octobot”.

2. (describe)　 in science journal Nature,　 the “Octobot” could pave the way for 3. (effective) autonomous robots that could be used in search, rescue and exploration than the traditional ones. “The Octobot is a minimal system which may serve 4.a foundation for a new generation of completely soft, autonomous robots,” the study’s authors wrote.

Researchers 5. (work) on building soft robots for decades. They’ve taken6.(inspire) from nature, looking to animals from jellyfish to cockroaches, which are often made up of more flexible matter.

However, creating a completely soft robot 7. (remain) a challenge. Even if engineers build a silicone(硅酮) body, 8. is still a grand challenge to construct flexible versions of essential parts, such as a source of power.

“9. soft robotics is still in its early stage, it holds a great promise for several applications, such as search-rescue operations and explorations,” Barbara Mazzolai of Technology’ Center for Micro-BioRobotics, wrote in a comment. “Soft robots might also open up new approaches to 10.(improve) wellness and quality of life.”

高三英语语法填空中等难度题查看答案及解析

阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。

Traditionally, robots have been hard, made of metal and other rigid material. But a team of scientists at Harvard University in the US has managed to build an 1. (entire) soft robot — the “Octobot”.

2. (describe) in science journal Nature, the “Octobot” could pave the way for 3. (intelligent) robots that could be used in search, rescue and exploration than the traditional ones. “The Octobot is a minimal system which may serve 4. a foundation for a new generation of completely soft, autonomous robots,” the study’s authors wrote.

Researchers 5. (work) on building soft robots for decades. They’ve taken 6. (inspire) from nature, looking to animals from jellyfish to cockroaches, which are often made up of more flexible matter.

However, creating a completely soft robot 7. (remain) a challenge. Even if engineers build a silicone(硅酮)body, 8. is still a grand challenge to construct flexible versions of essential parts, such as a source of power.

“9. soft robotics is still in its early stage, it holds a great promise for several applications, such as search-rescue operations and explorations,” Barbara Mazzolai of Technology, Center for Micro-BioRobotics, wrote in a comment. “Soft robots might also open up new approaches to 10. (improve) wellness and quality of life.”

高三英语语法填空中等难度题查看答案及解析

Traditionally, it has been the worker's role to work and management's role to manage.

Managers have planned and directed the finds operations with little thought of consulting the labor force. Managers have rarely felt forced to obtain the worker's opinions or to explain their decisions to their employees. At most, companies have provided "suggestion boxes" in which workers could place ideas for improving procedures. In recent years, however, many management specialists have been arguing that workers are more than sellers of labor—they have a vital stake (利害关系) in the company and may be able to make significant contributions to its management. Furthermore, major company decisions affect workers and their dependants. This is particularly true of plant closings, which may put thousands on the unemployment lines. Should workers, then, play a stronger role in management?

Workers should have a role in management. At the very least, the labor force should be informed of major policy decisions. A common complaint among ordinary workers is the lack of information about company policies and actions. Between 1980 and 1985 about five million workers were the victims of plant closings and permanent layoffs (失业) , often with no warning. At least 90 days' notice ought to he given in such circumstances so that workers have time to adjust. Management should consult workers before closing a plant, because the workers might be able to suggest ways of improving productivity and reducing costs and might be willing to make concessions (妥协) that will help keep the plant operating.

It should become a general practice to include workers in some managerial decision making. There ought to be representatives of the workers on the firm's board of directors or other major policy-making groups. If ordinary workers are given a voice in the planning and management of the work flow, they will help to make improvements, their spirits will rise, and their productivity will increase. As a further incentive (激励), they must be given a share in the company's profits. This can be done through employee stock ownership plans (员工持股计划), bonuses, or rewards for efficiency and productivity. Finally, when a plant can no longer operate at a profit, the workers should be given the opportunity to purchase the plant and run it themselves.

1.What can we learn about managers from Paragraph l?

A. They were not quite qualified.

B. They disliked "suggestion boxes".

C. They never consulted the labor force.

D. They seldom obtained workers' opinions.

2.In recent years, many management specialists have been arguing that workers ________.

A. are not sellers of the products any longer

B. should have a say in management of the company

C. are less affected by company decisions than before

D. are able to make the final decisions for the company

3.According to the passage, what happened between 1980 and 1985?

A. Workers did not make necessary concessions.

B. Many companies were closed because of strikes.

C. Managers consulted workers before closing a plant.

D. About 5 million workers were laid off without advance notice.

4.If they are not given a voice in managerial decision making, workers ________.

A. cannot get a share in the company's profits

B. will not have the opportunity to purchase the plant

C. may lack the incentive to increase their productivity

D. can still get bonuses for efficiency and productivity

高三英语阅读理解困难题查看答案及解析

Over the past century, all kinds of unfairness and discrimination(歧视) have been made illegal. But one popular form continues to exist, that is alphabetism (字母排序法). This, for those as yet unaware of such a disadvantage, refers to discrimination against those whose surnames (姓氏) begin with a letter in the lower half of the alphabet.

It has long been known that the cars of a taxi firm called AAAA have a big advantage over Zodiac cars when customers look through their phone directories. Less well known is the advantage that Adam Abbot has in life over Zoe Zysman. English names are fairly spread between the halves of the alphabet. Yet a quite large number of top people have surnames beginning with letters between A and K.

Thus the American presidents and vice-presidents have surnames starting with B and C separately and 26 of those before George Bush took office (including his father) had surnames in the first half of the alphabet against just 16 in the second half. Even more striking, six of the seven heads of government of the G7 rich countries are alphabetically advantaged (Berlusconi, Blair, Bush, Chirac, Chretien and Koizumi ). The world’s three top central bankers (Greenspan, Duisenberg and Hayami) are all close to the top of the alphabet, even if one of them really uses Japanese characters. The same case are the world’s five richest men (Gates, Buffet and so on).

Can this merely happen by chance? At the start of the first year in primary school, teachers seat pupils alphabetically from the front, to make it easier to remember their names. So shortsighted Zysman gets stuck in the back row, and is seldom asked the improving questions by those teachers. At that time the alphabetically disadvantaged may think they have had a lucky escape. Yet the result may be worse qualifications, because they get less attention, as well as less confidence in speaking publicly.

The unfairness continues. At university graduation parties, the ABCs proudly get their awards first. However, by the time they reach the Zysmans most people are a little tired. Lists of job interviews and conference speakers and attendees all tend to be drawn up alphabetically, and their readers lose interest as they plough through them.

1. What does the author intend to show with AAAA cars and Zodiac cars?

A. An example of competition of two kinds of cars.         B. Some advantages of AAAA cars in the taxi firm.

C. An example of unfairness caused by alphabetism.     D. Some disadvantages of Zodiac cars in the taxi firm.

2. What can we infer from the first three paragraphs?

A. The alphabet is to blame for the failure of Zoe Zysman.

B. In both East and West, names are important to success.

C. Customers often pay a lot of attention to companies’ names.

D. The discrimination in alphabetism can be found in many areas.

3. The fourth paragraph suggests that         .

A. alphabetically disadvantaged students often escape from class

B. teachers should pay equal attention to all their students

C. questions are often put to the more intelligent students

D. students should be seated according to their eyesight

4. Which of the following is true according to the passage?

A. VIPs in the western world gain a great deal from alphabetism.

B. People with surnames beginning with N to Z are often ill – treated.

C. Putting things alphabetically may lead to unintentional unfairness.

D. The movement to get rid of alphabetism still has a long way to go.

高三英语阅读理解简单题查看答案及解析

Over the past century, all kinds of unfairness and discrimination(歧视) have been made illegal. But one popular form continues to exist, that is alphabetism (字母排序法). This, for those as yet unaware of such a disadvantage, refers to discrimination against those whose surnames (姓氏) begin with a letter in the lower half of the alphabet.

It has long been known that the cars of a taxi firm called AAAA have a big advantage over Zodiac cars when customers look through their phone directories. Less well known is the advantage that Adam Abbot has in life over Zoe Zysman. English names are fairly spread between the halves of the alphabet. Yet a quite large number of top people have surnames beginning with letters between A and K.

Thus the American presidents and vice-presidents have surnames starting with B and C separately and 26 of those before George Bush took office (including his father) had surnames in the first half of the alphabet against just 16 in the second half. Even more striking, six of the seven heads of government of the G7 rich countries are alphabetically advantaged (Berlusconi, Blair, Bush, Chirac, Chretien and Koizumi ). The world’s three top central bankers (Greenspan, Duisenberg and Hayami) are all close to the top of the alphabet, even if one of them really uses Japanese characters. The same case are the world’s five richest men (Gates, Buffet and so on).

Can this merely happen by chance? At the start of the first year in primary school, teachers seat pupils alphabetically from the front, to make it easier to remember their names. So shortsighted Zysman gets stuck in the back row, and is seldom asked the improving questions by those teachers. At that time the alphabetically disadvantaged may think they have had a lucky escape. Yet the result may be worse qualifications, because they get less attention, as well as less confidence in speaking publicly.

The unfairness continues. At university graduation parties, the ABCs proudly get their awards first. However, by the time they reach the Zysmans most people are a little tired. Lists of job interviews and conference speakers and attendees all tend to be drawn up alphabetically, and their readers lose interest as they plough through them.

1.What does the author intend to show with AAAA cars and Zodiac cars?

A. An example of competition of two kinds of cars.  B. Some advantages of AAAA cars in the taxi firm.

C. An example of unfairness caused by alphabetism.  D. Some disadvantages of Zodiac cars in the taxi firm.

2.What can we infer from the first three paragraphs?

A. The alphabet is to blame for the failure of Zoe Zysman.

B. In both East and West, names are important to success.

C. Customers often pay a lot of attention to companies’ names.

D. The discrimination in alphabetism can be found in many areas.

3.The fourth paragraph suggests that         .

A. alphabetically disadvantaged students often escape from class

B. teachers should pay equal attention to all their students

C. questions are often put to the more intelligent students

D. students should be seated according to their eyesight

4.Which of the following is true according to the passage?

A. VIPs in the western world gain a great deal from alphabetism.

B. People with surnames beginning with N to Z are often ill – treated.

C. Putting things alphabetically may lead to unintentional unfairness.

D. The movement to get rid of alphabetism still has a long way to go.

高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析

Over 800 pages of the earliest surviving Christian Bible have been recovered and made _______ on the Internet.

A. flexible                      B. brilliant                     C. conventional           D. available

高三英语单项填空简单题查看答案及解析

Being a Chinese, I feel proud of my country and the contributions _________have been made to the world culture.

A. that        B. what           C. it           D. one

高三英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析

（重庆一中2016届高三5月模拟）For more than twenty years scientists have been searching for signs of life on other planets. Most of these searches have been done over the radio. The hope is that someone in outer space may be trying to get in touch with us. Scientists also have sent radio and television messages on spaceships traveling through space, on the chance that someone may be receptive to such messages.

Scientists are using powerful radio telescopes to listen to signals from about 1, 000 stars, all within 100 light years of earth. In addition, they will scan the entire sky to “listen” for radio messages from more distant stars. Using a computer, they will be able to monitor more than eight channels at one time. Scientists are looking for any signal they stands out from the background noise.

Of the 200 billion stars in the Milky Way galaxy, scientists find that five percent are like our sun. Perhaps half of them have a planet like earth. Such a planet would be a reasonable distance from the star for temperatures to be right for the evolution of life. Based on the inhabitable（that can be lived in）planets in our galaxy, most scientists agree that chances are likely that one or more of these planets support some life.

However, many scientists wonder whether intelligent life exists on other planets. Some believe that twenty years of searching without any intelligible messages shows that no one is out there. They say that the evolution of intelligence comparable to ours is unlikely.

Other scientists believe that our search hasn’t been long enough to rule out the possibility that intelligent life exists in our galaxy. Although our sun family is only about five billion years old, our galaxy is about 20 billion years old. In that time, some scientists think it is likely that civilization much more advanced than ours have developed. Perhaps these civilizations send us no signals; perhaps we have not recognized the signals they have sent us. If we hope to find intelligent life, these scientists believe that we have to keep looking.

1.According to the passage, how many planets in our galaxy might be inhabitable?

A. 5 billion．　　 B. 10 billion.

C. 15 billion.　　 D. 200 billion

2.The first paragraph in this passage is mainly about ________ .

A. how scientists are looking for signs of life on other planets

B. why scientists are looking for signs of life on other planets

C. where scientists are looking for signs of life on other planets

D. when scientists are looking for signs of life on other planets

3.The underlined word “monitor” in the passage means“ ________ ”.

A. find　　 B. imitate

C. check　　 D. form

4.Which of these statements is true based on the information in the passage?

A. The earth is one of the oldest planets in our galaxy.

B. Most scientists believe that there is intelligent life on other planets.

C. Scientists are trying different ways to find signs of life on other planets.

D. Scientists don’t believe that there might be life on other planets.

高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析