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Company culture is a hot topic for nearly every business. Everyone wants to create a productive, collaborative and inviting work environment where all employees follow shared values and work toward a common goal.
We asked a group of entrepreneurs to share how they encourage their teams to participate in building the company culture. Here are their top recommendations.
Get employee input on the hiring process
While a hiring manager should always have a final say over who joins the team, it could help to allow employees of all levels to participate in the hiring process. Ismael Wrixen, CEO of FE International recommends letting some of a candidate's future teammates sit in on an interview, as this can help you find people who will fit in well with your other employees.
"Our company has a real familiar feel, and team members often socialize outside or work." Wrixen explains. ''Considering how people will fit in the team once they are hired has always been an important consideration."
Create a space and environment that allows for breaks
Company culture-building can sometimes feel forced, says Jessica Gonzalez, CEO of InCharged. To make it more organic and natural, Gonzalez believes the best thing to do is to create the space and environment for it.
"Some companies get a Ping-Pong table,” she says. "It doesn't really matter the details, but you have given your employees permission to take breaks and blow off some steam with their coworkers. That's where culture and connection will be built."
Stop micromanaging
If you want your employees to build a great culture of their own, don't disturb the process, says Solomon Thimothy, president of OneIMS. While he monitors all processes on his team (including culture-building), he only gets involved when his staff needs him, rather than constantly micromanaging.
"Connect people with each other, define your expectations, set the pace and leave them alone,” Thimothy says.
Plan activities that reflect your shared values
According to Beth Doane, managing partner of Main & Rose, your internal brand should reflect your external one. She recommends bringing your team together around a shared set of values and then doing activities to strengthen that brand.
"As a social-good focused firm, we love doing activities that give back-hiking, volunteering, cleaning up the environment, Doane adds. "It's fun and it gets the whole team involved in our mission."
Ask for their ideas and suggestions
If you really want your employees to help build the company culture, all you have to do is ask them for their input. Chris Christoff, cofounder of Monster Insights, says he is open to suggestions from team members on how to perform more efficiently.
“Opening the invitation to new ideas fosters a positive company culture because it shows employees their voices are heard and their opinions matter because they do," Christoff says. “It creates a relaxing, trustworthy environment where everyone respects what each other has to say.”
Anyhow, it's important to remember that culture is not necessarily a top-down creation. Instead, a successful culture is developed and maintained by the workers who live it every single day.
| Company culture | |
| Introduction | Companies hope to possess a productive, collaborative work environment where every employee 1.shared values. |
| 2. from entrepreneurs | It helps when staff get 3. in the hiring process, despite the fact that employers always have a final say. |
| The company had better create a space and environment that takes 4.of breaks, making it possible for the employees to 5. stress. | |
| The employers should leave development room for employees after setting goals for them but come to their assistance only if 6. | |
| Based on shared values, the company ought to do activities where your internal brand should 7.external one. | |
| It's a wise choice to 8.employees about ideas and suggestions because such a relaxing, trustworthy environment allows everybody to show 9. for each other's opinions. | |
| Conclusion | Company culture is not necessarily a top-down creation. Instead, its 10.and maintenance depend on workers themselves. |
高三英语任务型阅读中等难度题
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Most people have some regret that they just can’t seem to get rid of. But holding on to regret about the past that can’t be changed can have a bad impact on the possibility of a happy future. Regret is a waste of time, emotion and energy. To make sure that your life is a successful one, you need to take action to live in a way that you have no regret holding you back.
Some people make very big decisions with very little consideration at all, and as a result they often regret their decisions. Before choosing a college major, getting married or accepting a job, you must think about all conditions carefully and make a conscious decision rather than a careless one. Big decisions aren’t the only ones that require forethought, though. Before you become angry and say something you will regret later, think about what you’re going to say.
Some of things will be easy to do and some will be hard, but keep your eyes on the prize of living a successful life without regret, and you’ll find that achieving your goals might be easier than you think. But don’t just daydream about those goals—make an actual list, written down in black and white, and refer to it now and then to see what you have left to do.
When you’re feeling happy and full of energy, taking care of yourself isn’t a problem. But in those days when you feel like crawling beneath the bed and never coming out again, you still must take care of yourself. You can do what you want and don’t get angry with yourself about your shortcomings. On the contrary, you just admit them and try to change them and move on. Improving your mental health is just as important as taking care of yourself physically.
Keep those who are important to you very close and be sure to let them know how important they are to you. Family, friends, co-workers and people who are as close as your families are your lifelines that you can depend on whenever you need them to help you remember what’s important in life. You should make sure of repairing your relationships with your friends if something bad happens.
Last but not least, learn to give yourself some relaxation and not to waste your time regretting things you cannot change. Treat those things properly and move on. Life is hard, but it is precious. Don’t waste time regretting the past, or your future will get here before you know it.
| Title: Living without regret | ||
| Theme | Regret is a 1. part of life. What you should do is to take action to make you life a success without regret. | |
| 2. for getting rid of regret | ▲Regret about the past can greatly 3. your possible happy future. ▲Regret wastes time, emotion and energy. | |
| 4. | 5. twice before you act. | ▲ Take everything into careful 6. before making decisions or say something. |
| 7. the things you want to do. | ▲Focus your eyes on the things which will bring you happiness. ▲Put your goals into 8.. | |
| Take care of yourself. | Make sure that you are in good 9. both physically and mentally. | |
| Keep close relationships. | Keep close to those who are important to you. | |
| Don’t care about small things. | Don’t regret things that are 10. and treasure the present-day life. |
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One of the most efficient ways to promote peace and jump-start flagging economies is to empower girls and invest in their education. Today, girls’ lack of access to basic education is compounded when it comes to the use of digital technology, leaving them far behind boys. And because the world is ever more digital, those who lack basic Internet skills will find it increasingly more difficult to participate in the formal economy, to obtain a quality education, to access health care, information and psychosocial support, to have their voices heard.
Since 2013 the global gender gap in male and female access to the Internet has actually increased from 11 to 12 percent. Worse yet, women and girls living in the poorest countries are 31 percent less likely than men and boys to have access to the Internet. In developing countries, some 200 million fewer women than men own a mobile phone, the most common means of Internet access there. This digital divide is increasing, and should it continue at the present pace, it is projected that over 75 percent of women and girls will lack internet access and digital skills.
There are many causes for the digital gender gap. They include girls’ exclusion from basic education writ large, from specific technology education and design, high costs of both devices and Internet access, scarcity of content relevant for women and girls, and socio-cultural biases and discrimination, such as barriers to women speaking freely and privately both online and offline. Indeed, one of the most insidious reasons why girls may be discouraged from learning how to access and use digital technology is also a groundless one: that girls are simply not good at using technology.
The United Nations has affirmed that human rights online are human rights offline. These stereotypes reinforce harmful norms that keep women and girls from enjoying their human rights.
According to the International Institute for Sustainable Development, an independent, non-profit and non-governmental research organization, the gender digital divide is a major roadblock to women’s economic empowerment and participation in the economy. Without a major increase of policy effort and investment, most of the benefits of technological change will be enjoyed only by men, worsening gender inequality.
In the words of USAID Senior Gender Coordinator Michelle Bekkering, a girl’s future should be defined not by her sex, but by her commitment to hard work and ability to access the resources she needs to succeed.
| Girls are left far behind boys in terms of digital technology | |
| 1.situation | ●Lacking basic Internet skills makes girls less likely to be 2. in the economic activities, to get well-educated, to access health care, information and psychosocial support, and to voice their opinions. ●The gender gap has increased by 1% since 2013 3. and in the poorest countries, the 4. of females accessing the Internet are lowered by 31%. ●In developing countries, fewer women own the mobile phone and the great 5. cannot be bridged if it should continue at the present pace. |
| Causes and effects | ●Girls are6. from some different forms of education and both devices and Internet access are expensive for girls. ●There’s a lack of proper content and biases and discrimination still exist. ● Some people hold the view that girls are simply not good at using technology, which doesn’t make any 7. . |
| ●Benefits brought by technological changes are mostly enjoyed by men, making gender inequality 8. of a problem. | |
| Opinions and solutions | ●Empowered and offered a quality education, girls will make significant9. to peace and the economic recovery. ●What 10. a girl’s future is her devotion, hard work and ability rather than her sex. ●Women and girls are supposed to enjoy more human rights both online and offline. |
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Some people believe that greed and selfishness has become the basis of modern society, and we should return to the old traditions of family and community then we will have a better life. To what extent do you agree or disagree with the above opinion?
In this fast-paced world, many values are undergoing major changes. While people traditionally prioritize caring, sharing and generosity in life and work, modern people seem to be more self-absorbed and self-concerned.
Modern people act selfishly to survive the harsh competition of life. They say that it is a jungle out there. To survive, you have to fight with whatever means that come handy. Obviously greed and selfishness go perfectly well with such ideas. In a company, employees do everything they can to get better pay and higher position, even at the cost of coworkers. We are in any way advocating any selfish conduct. It is just that people are pressured to act in a certain way due to outside influences.
In spite of common practice, it is hard to conclude that modern society is built on greed and selfishness, both of which are not newly invented vocabulary. In ancient times people also did greedy and selfish things though such behaviors were more condemned then. But we can not ignore the fact that people in the past lived a relatively more isolated life and faced less pressure compared with their modern counterparts.
Are we happier to share with others and be generous to them? There is no fixed answer either. Some people take great pleasure helping and giving to others while others feel happy doing the opposite. But I personally think that people should not be too selfish. Caring for others can actually encourage the development of a mutually beneficial relationship.
In conclusion, modern people appear to be more self-centered than those in the past due to strong outside pressure. However, we should encourage people to know the importance of being caring and generous and to build a mutually beneficial relationship with others.
Are Modern People Becoming More Selfish?
| Phenomenon | In modern society, many people are ___1____ and selfish. |
| Values are changing | In the past people put caring, sharing and generosity in the first ____2____. |
| Nowadays, people seem to be more ____3____about themselves. | |
| ___4___are changing too. | People in the past appeared to be modest and self-effacing(谦让的). |
| People may strive to achieve their own goals at the ____5___ of their colleagues. | |
| The author’s understanding | |
| Reasons for the changes in author’s eyes | There are fierce __6___ and great pressure on modern people, ____7____ in the changes. |
| The author’s ___8____towards topic | A relationship which can ___9___ two sides should be ___10_____. |
高三英语其他题中等难度题查看答案及解析
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Make the most of networking opportunities
Get to those networking events and talk, talk, talk. “There is value in every conversation you have, you never know where your next piece of work may come from. Changing the mindset to professionalism and saying, ‘I am a graphic designer’ rather than ‘I am a graduate’ is very important, ” says Lydia Wakefield, education and training manager at the Association of Independent Professionals and the SelfEmployed.
Know your worth
It's hard to persuade people to pay for your work if you're willing to give it away. “Value your worth from the beginning. A lot of people feel the pressure to work nothing or charge a really low rate if they've been studying. Clients are willing to pay for the quality of the work that you do, ” says Wakefield.
Set up with the tools to get paid
Register for selfassessment and file those tax returns. “Make sure you have contracts and invoice templates(发票模板) in place, ” says Wakefield. It doesn't hurt to get some advice from a professional, says Jeff Skinner, of the Institute of Innovation and Entrepreneurship at the London Business School. “Find an accountant or someone doing something similar and ask them for commercial advice, ” he says.
Manage expectations
Know the limits to your capabilities. “You can feel the need to say yes to every project. Have a selfawareness of how much work you can take on at any time and manage expectations, ” says Wakefield.
Build resilience (韧性)
Wakefield highlights the importance of having a thick skin. “If you get a no, don't take it to heart. Keep going, you will find your next client, ” she says, “ask for feedback, you can always use it for testimonial.” And, remember that you're not alone. “It really is emotional highs and lows for any entrepreneur in early stages. But you're in a network with other people on the same journey as you, ” says Skinner.
Tips for New Graduates Who Want to Be Their Own 1.
| Take 2. of networking opportunities | ●Every conversation is valuable as it may 3. to your next piece of work. ●It matters a lot to change the 4. you think of professionalism. |
| Know your worth | ●If you cannot 5. your own value, how can you expect others to pay for your work? ●You can charge a relatively 6. rate for your work of good quality. |
| Set up with the tools to get paid | ●Register for selfassessment and file those tax returns. ●It is always helpful to consult 7.. |
| Manage expectations | ●Be aware not to take on too much work 8. your capabilities. |
| Build resilience | ●Keep going instead of taking a refusal too 9.． ●It is not 10. for entrepreneurs to experience emotional highs and lows in early stages. |
高三英语任务型阅读中等难度题查看答案及解析
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Many of the most memorable ad campaigns nowadays tend to be funny. Advertisers use this strategy to attract customers to their products. Audiences like to be entertained not forced. People will pay more attention to a humorous commercial than a factual serious one opening themselves up to be influenced. The key to funny advertising is assuring the humor is appropriate to both the product and customers. The balance between being funny and being obnoxious can often be delicate, and a marketer must be certain the positive effects outweigh the negative before an advertisement can be introduced.
The best products to sell using humor tend to be those that consumers think the least about. Products that are relatively inexpensive and often consumable can be represented without providing a lot of facts, and that's where there's room for humor. Candy, too, food, and exertainment-related products such as toys have got the most benefits from humor in their campaigns, One of the most important things to keep in mind is relevance to the product.
Another point to consider when using humor in advertising is that different things are funny to different people. A commercial that may make one person burst into laughter may leave a bad taste in another's mouth. The target market must always be considered, what's funny in a client presentation may not be funny on an airplane, at a country club or in hospital.
Humor in advertising tends to improve brand recognition but does not improve product recall message credibility, or buying intentions. In other words, consumers may be familiar with a good feeling towards the product, but their purchasing decisions will probably not be affected. One of the major keys to a successful humorous campaign is variety. Once a commercial start to wear out, it’s impossible to save ii without some variation on the concept Humorous campaigns are often expensive because they have to be constantly changed. Advertisers must remember that while making customers laugh, they have to keep thing interesting because old jokes die along with their products.
| Humor in advertising | |
| Funny advertising | •Humor in advertising can draw consumer's attention, and help them to 1. an advertisement easily. •Humor in advertising should be well suited to the product and consumers. •A commercial should find the delicate 2.between being funny and being obnoxious, and make sure its positive effects top its 3. |
| Products | • Humor best 4. for the products which are often 5., consumable and common. • Humor can be 6. in the commercial when it's 7.to represent the products with plenty of facts. •In an ad, humor should be 8. to the products. |
| Factors | • Humor used in advertising should fit in with the target market. • Humorous advertising should show its 9. . |
| Influence | The brand can be 10. by many people but it doesn't necessarily have an effect on consumers purchasing desire. |
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A total of 604 people injured in a chemical plant explosion on March 21 in Xiangshui, Jiangsu Province were still receiving medical care in nearby medical facilities, including 19 in critical condition and 98 seriously wounded. The fire quickly spread to 16 neighboring enterprises, with the latest death toll at 64.
At the same time, rescuers were busy inspecting chemical plants damaged in the explosion for possible poisonous substance leaks. Since the explosion, six rounds of search and rescue missions have been launched, and the search area has been expanded from 1.1 square kilometers to 2 sq km. More than 4,500 medical workers and 116 ambulances have so far participated in rescue work. The National Health Commission sent 16 leading experts to treat the injured. As of the noon of March 24, victims were being treated in 16 hospitals. Specialized treatment plans had been made for every patient. Psychologists have also been sent to help the recovery of the patients, their relatives and rescuers. Workers have been sent to comfort the families of the killed. The bodies will be treated according to ethnic and religious customs where applicable.
Sang Shulou, 36, discharged from the hospital after receiving treatment, with signs of obvious injury on his face, said that he was blessed to have survived the explosion that happened just 100 meters away from him. “I was driving a car passing the explosion site when the car was pushed away fiercely by the wave,” he said.
More than 1,600 homes near the explosion site have been repaired. Owners of homes beyond repair will receive compensation and assistance in moving to new homes.
The State Council, China’s Cabinet, has set up a special investigation group to look into the explosion. The investigation would be thorough. It also severely criticized the local government and the company involved for their not learning lessons from previous environmental violations and failing to make effective corrections, Official records show that the concerned company had been punished several times before for taking advantage of safety loopholes and violating environmental protection regulations. Chenjiagang Chemical Park also experienced several similar safety accidents over the past few years.
| Outline | Information about a chemical plant explosion |
| Introduction | On March 21, a chemical plant 1. in Xiangshui County, Jiangsu Province, and the fire spread around, causing a total of 64 2., other than 19 workers in a critical health state and 98 in serious condition. |
| Rescue work | ※ Potential poisonous stuff release was being inspected. ※ Search area has been expanded. ※ For the treatment of the injured, sixteen experts from The National Health Commission were 3. for the treatment of the injured, with specialized treatment plans made. ※ Patients have also received 4. recovery. ※ Comfort is provided for the families of the killed, whose bodies will be treated, (75)5. religious customs. ※ Damaged houses have been mended. Those, whose houses are beyond repair, will be assisted and (76)6. for a new home. |
| A (77)7. | Sang Shulou, released from hospital, expressed he was in luck to weather the disaster, in which his car shook due to a fierce explosion wave. |
| Investigation | ※ The accident will be (78)8. investigated. ※ Local government and the involved company has received severe criticism for (79)9. of previous violations lessons and (80)10. to mend their ways despite several punishments for not obeying environmental protection regulations. ※ Chenjiagang Chemical Park underwent considerable safety accidents alike. |
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Why Do Smart People Do Foolish Things?
We all probably know someone who is intelligent but does surprisingly stupid things. What does it mean to be smart or intelligent? Our everyday use of the term is meant to describe someone who is knowledgeable and makes wise decisions, but this definition is at odds with how intelligence is traditionally measured. The most widely known measure of intelligence is the intelligence quotient, more commonly known as the IQ test, which includes visuospatial puzzles, math problems, pattern recognition, vocabulary questions and visual searches.
The advantages of being intelligent are undeniable. Intelligent people are more likely to get better grades and go farther in school. They are more likely to be successful at work. And they are less likely to get into trouble (for example, commit crimes) as adolescents.
Given all the advantages of intelligence, though, you may be surprised to learn that it does not predict other life outcomes, such as well-being. You might imagine that doing well in school or at work might lead to greater life satisfaction, but several large-scale studies have failed to find evidence that IQ impacts life satisfaction or longevity (长寿). Most intelligence tests fail to assess the extent of rational thinking, such as real-world decision-making and our ability to interact well with others. This is, in other words, perhaps why “smart” people do “dumb” things.
The ability to think critically, on the other hand, has been associated with wellness and longevity. Though often confused with intelligence, critical thinking is not intelligence. Critical thinking is a collection of cognitive (认知的) skills that allow us to think rationally (理性地) in a goal-orientated fashion and a disposition to use those skills when appropriate. Critical thinkers have self-confidence in their own abilities to reason. They possess great flexibility in requiring evidence to support their beliefs. Critical thinking means overcoming all kinds of cognitive biases (偏见).
Critical thinking predicts a wide range of life events. Researchers have found that critical thinkers experience fewer negative life events such as academic (“I forgot about an exam”), health (“I received HIV through unprotected sex”), legal (“I was arrested for driving under the influence”), interpersonal (“I cheated on my partner for more than a year”), financial (“I have over $5,000 of credit-card debt”), and so on.
Intelligence and improving intelligence are hot topics that receive a lot of attention. It is time for critical thinking to receive a little more of that attention. Reasoning and rationality more closely resemble what we mean when we say a person is smart rather than spatial skills and math ability. Furthermore, improving intelligence is difficult. Intelligence is largely determined by genetics. Critical thinking, though, can improve with training, and the benefits have been shown to continue over time. Anyone can improve their critical thinking skills. Doing so, we can say with certainty, is a smart thing to do.
| Why Do Smart People Do Foolish Things? | |
| Introduction | The defining term of intelligence in daily life 1.largely from how it is traditionally measured. |
| The advantages of intelligence | ●Intelligent people may have better academic and job 2.. ●Intelligence may predict less trouble during adolescence. |
| 3. for smart people doing foolish things | ●Intelligent people don’t 4. enjoy greater life satisfaction or longevity. ●What most intelligence tests 5. are rational thinking skills like decision-making. |
| The importance of critical thinking | ●Critical thinkers are more likely to be 6. in life and live longer. ●Critical thinkers are rational, self-confident, 7. and open-minded. ●Critical thinking is believed to be 8. with fewer negative life events. |
| Conclusion | We should 9. more on critical thinking than on intelligence, as intelligence is something, to a large extent, that one is 10. with while critical thinking can be trained and improved. |
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Some young people have become disappointed with how commercialized Christmas has become. As a result, they try to break with established traditions. What do they do to get more out of Christmas?
Ways of celebrating
By booking a short holiday abroad they can escape winter weather. OK, so flying to warm countries is great for those who live in cold winter climates. But how do you celebrate Christmas when your year-round climate is warm, or even hot?
In California, Santa Claus arrives on a surfboard, wearing an unusual red wetsuit. As long as he comes bearing presents, Surfing Santa would probably be welcome anywhere.
In Australia, many young people enjoy the warm weather with a beach barbecue and cold beer. In recent years, Bondi Beach has become an attraction for overseas visitors to gather and celebrate. It’s not uncommon for numbers to reach 40,000 on Christmas day.
Gift giving
We all know the feeling: you receive the kind of gift that you wouldn’t choose for yourself in a million years. But you have to bear it pretending that you love your new present.
To avoid this experience, many people give gift vouchers（购物礼券）at Christmas. With this, the receivers can buy whatever they want.
Digital and electronic goods feature highly on many young people’s Christmas wish lists. Not surprisingly, then, the Guardian’s top gifts for modern young people are:
Apple’s iPad: The iPad is probably one of the hottest items of the year. However you look at it, almost everybody wants one.
Digital Cameras: Christmas is the perfect time to give this gift that can help you to catch those special seasonal memories. Digital cameras are not as expensive as they used to be, either. You can take a bargain for as little as $100.
| Title | Celebrating in new ways |
| Situation | ☆ Being 1. with the commercialized performances. ☆Breaking the established 2.. |
| Ways to celebrate 3. | ☆ Flying to warm places to 4. the cold winter. ☆5. the surfing Santa in California. ☆ Enjoying a barbecue on the 6. Bondi Beach in Australia. |
| 7. for giving | ☆ Giving vouchers to avoid a gift that may not be 8.. ☆ Buying a 9. item – an iPad. ☆ Choosing a 10. digital camera. |
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Millions of people illegally download movies, music and video games every day, and online piracy is a serious and expensive problem. Recent figures show that 90% of files transferred over file-sharing networks are copyrighted. And it's costing the US economy up to $250 billion a year. At the heart of the matter there's a moral question to consider. Is it fair that someone downloads for free in seconds something that took a team of people months of hard work to create?
What are governments doing about online piracy? Some countries have passed tough new laws. The Spanish government has shut down domestic file-sharing websites and blocked access to overseas-based sites. Also, governments are going after high-profile pirates. Kim Dotcom, the owner of Megaupload.com, was arrested in New Zealand, who has been accused of piracy because many people were using his website to swap copyrighted files.
Are laws and arrests really the best way? Many people aren't so sure. The problem is that films are released at different times around the world. Kim Dotcom says that a teenager in Germany, for example, has to wait six months to see a movie that has already come out in the U.S. So, instead of waiting, they download it illegally. Kim says, ''If everybody had access to content at the same time, you wouldn't have a piracy problem. ''
American company Netflix lets users stream films to their TV. But many complain that Netflix's selection of movies is too small and that there aren't enough new releases. One reason is that studios release films on DVD and then, after a few months, make them available for streaming. But what actually happens is one person buys the DVD, they upload it to a file-sharing site and everyone else downloads it for free.
American law student Srikant believes that if movie studios and record companies want to beat the pirates, they need to make it just as simple and quick to get content legally. ''I think people would pay for content if it's reasonably priced and it's available when they want it. '' he adds.
This is already happening with music. Spotify is a program that lets you stream music to your computer for just €5 per month. And since it was launched in Sweden in 2009, online music piracy in Sweden has dropped by 25%. The key to its success lies in that Spotify has a large range of music; songs are instantly available and the service is reasonably priced.
Easy access isn't the only possible solution. Economist Glenn MacDonald thinks he has the answer. He says record companies should give albums away for free and then make money from tours and merchandising. That's not such a ridiculous idea. The heavy metal group Manowar has made a fortune from their tours, which are full of fans who discovered the band by illegally downloading the music.
Online piracy is a complex and controversial issue. And one thing is for sure: it's not going away anytime soon .
Online piracy----The issue of illegal file sharing
| Passage outline | Supporting details |
| Problems | *Recent figures show the 1. of files shared online are copyrighted. *Online piracy is such an alarming problem that it makes the economy 2. |
| Current measures and their 3. | *Laws against piracy have been passed, and some website owners 4.with piracy have been arrested. *Companies like Netflix 5. their users to stream films to TVs. |
| *Laws and arrests can’t ease the 6. of equal access to content at the same time. *Users are faced with a 7. range of films, which are released months after their DVD versions. | |
| Other solutions to online piracy | *Spotify has set an 8. of instant availability and reasonably-priced service. *For music industry, giving albums away for free helps to make a 9. from tours and merchandising. |
| Conclusion | Online piracy is a complex and controversial issue, which 10. long-term efforts. |
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Generally speaking,people often return to a set level of happiness despite life's ups and downs,For instance,people who win the lottery tend to return to roughly their original levels of happiness after the novelty of the win has worn off.The same-is true for those who are in major accidents and lose the use of their legs.The change in ability can be damaging at first,but people generally return to their pre-accident levels of happiness after the habituation period.This phenomenon is called hedonic adaptation,a concept studied by positive psychology researchers.
There are activities that are more or less affected by hedonic adaptation.Some of these activities are known as pleasures.They can lift your mood and leave you feeling wonderful,but their effects can be relatively a short time.What's more,we get used to them relatively quickly.If you have the same meal every day for a week,for example,you may find it to be less pleasurable by the end of the week. Gratifications(满足）are also such activities affected by hedonic adaptation.They can get us into a feeling of"flow”where we don't notice the passage of time,and where we're thoroughly engaged in what we're doing.Gratifications are activities that require more effort and thought,but the payoff is higher as well The more we engage,the more we enjoy!
Knowing that pleasures don't last long in their effects may make them seem less worth the effort than gratifications.There are reasons why they can be perfect for certain situations,however.First,they bring a quick lift in mood without a great deal of effort.This is actually quite valuable because there is significant research that shows that a lift in mood can lead to chain reaction of positive feelings.Second, gratifications do take more effort,so when you only have few minutes or a very limited amount of energy,pleasures are often the simpler and more accessible option.
Thankfully, we can do something to move away from the limiting effects of hedonic adaptation and engage in activities that can create a greater level of happiness in lie.For example,be sure to make time for hobbies!It doesn't really matter what the hobby is;as long as it's one you enjoy,you'll benefit from it,and these benefits will extend into the rest of your life.It's also a good idea to help other people. This can create greater meaning in your life, and thus create greater happiness.Enjoying your positive experiences is also a great way to maximize the positive in your life.So at the end of the day,a few days, a week,write about three things you enjoyed that day.Then,you'll be reliving these positive experience as you write about them,and can relive them again when you read.
| Hedonic Adaptation | |
| Concept of hedonic adaptation | Hedonic adaptation refers to people's general tendency to return to a set level of 1.despite life's ups and downs. |
| Two kinds of activities influenced by hedonic adaptations | ●Pleasures are activities whose positive effects are 2.，and our adaptation to them is also gone fast. ●Gratifications are activities that take us more effort but can bring more 3.results. In other words, compared with pleasures, they are more4.to the effects of hedonic adaptation. |
| Advantages of pleasures over gratifications | ●Pleasures not only can lift our moods quickly but also are relatively 5. ●Pleasures are a better-choice when we're too6.or worn out. |
| Tips of 7. the effects of hedonic | ●Take up hobbies that 8.to you whatever they are. ●Do others a favor and it can make you live more 9. ●Enjoy your positive experiences by taking a regular10.about adaptation them. |
高三英语阅读表达困难题查看答案及解析