Experts say farmers will need to produce abou...

Experts say farmers will need to produce about 70 percent more food by the middle of the century. They predict that 9 billion people will need to be fed worldwide by 2050. The prediction means experts will need to develop more effective farming methods that cause less harm to the environment to produce more food. Experts say living things called bacteria could help achieve that goal. A bacterium is an organism.It is so small that it can be seen only with a microscope.

Researchers are finding extremely small organisms in the ground. One gram of soil contains between 100 million and one billion bacteria. Bacteria are taking part in a healthy ex- change with the plants that share the soil. Around plant roots, bacteria change chemicals in the air and soil into food for the plants. The bacteria include the material known as fungi(真菌). Some bacteria act as bodyguards. They produce anti-bodies and other chemicals to fight harmful bacteria.

Plants make sugar through a process called photosynthesis (光合作用).This happens when a plant receiving light changes water and carbon dioxide into food. Much of the sugar is pumped down through the roots. There, it is turned into sugar-based food and released into the soil. That is done to get bacteria to help the plants grow better. Some of the organisms turn chemicals in the air and soil into food that the plants can eat.

The biosciences company Novozymes already sells one kind of fungi. It has found a way to produce it in very large quantities and offer it to farmers as.a bio-pesticide (生物农药).A bio-pesticide protects crops from animals and bacteria. If so, farmers can harvest more crops.

1.What do the experts’ statistics in paragraph 1 show?

A.Bacteria have a good effect on farming.

B.There will be more harmful bacteria in 2050.

C.There's no need to worry about the problem of future food.

D.More food will be needed to feed more people in the future.

2.What's the connection between plants and bacteria according to paragraph 3?

A.Bacteria can't live without plants. B.Plants get benefit from bacteria .

C.They make sugar cooperatively. D.They compete for more sunshine.

3.What does Novozymes do?

A.It sells crops and animals.

B.It beautifies the environment.

C.It provides farmers with materials free of charge.

D.It produces fungi as a bio-pesticide.

4.What is the best title for the text?

A.Crops of High Quality Need Developing

B.Bacteria May Help Meet Food Needs of the Future

C.A Large Quantity of Farmland Should Be Improved

D.Diseases and Pests Can Be Controlled in the Future

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As the world’s population grows, farmers will need to produce more and more food. And large farms are increasingly using precision farming to increase yields (产量), reduce waste, and reduce the economic and security risks that inevitably accompany agricultural uncertainty.

Traditional farming relies on managing entire fields—making decisions related to planting, harvesting, irrigating, and applying pesticides and fertilizer (农药和化肥)—based on regional conditions and historical data. Precision farming, by contrast, combines sensors, robots, GPS, mapping tools and data-analytics software to customize（量身定制）the care that plants receive without increasing labor. Robot-mounted sensors and camera-equipped drones (无人机) wirelessly send images and data on individual plants to a computer, which looks for signs of health and stress. Farmers receive the feedback in real time and then deliver water, pesticide or fertilizer in adjusted doses（剂量）to only the areas that need it. The technology can also help farmers decide when to plant and harvest crops.

As a result, precision farming can improve time management, reduce water and chemical use, and produce healthier crops and higher yields—all of which benefit farmers’ bottom lines and conserve resources while reducing chemical runoff.

Many small businesses are developing new software, sensors, and other tools for precision farming, as are large companies such as Monsanto, John Deere, Bayer, Dow and DuPont. The U.S. Department of Agriculture, NASA and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration all support precision farming, and many colleges now offer course work on the topic.

In a related development, seed producers are applying technology to improve plant characteristics. By following individual plants over time and analyzing which ones flourish in different conditions, companies can relate the plants’ response to their environments with their genomics (基因组学). That information, in turn, allows the companies to produce seed varieties that will grow well in specific soil and weather conditions. This advanced technology may also help to improve crop nutrition.

Farmers do not universally welcome precision agriculture for various reasons, such as high equipment costs and lack of access to the Internet. The technology may bring great challenges to experienced farmers who are not good at computers. And large systems will also be beyond the reach of many small farming operations in developing nations. But less expensive, simpler systems could potentially be applied. For others, though, cost savings in the long run may reduce the financial concerns. And however reticent some farmers may be to adopt new technology, the next generation of farmers are likely to warm to the approach.

1.Precision farming differs from traditional farming partly because it ________.

A. guarantees high yields with more labor

B. relies on regional conditions and historical data

C. offers plenty of water, pesticides and fertilizer

D. provides real time information about target crops

2.About precision farming, we can learn that________.

A. the government holds a cautious attitude

B. it draws positive responses from businesses

C. seed producers have already made huge profits

D. large systems will soon be built in developing nations

3.The underlined word “reticent” in the last paragraph probably means ________.

A. disappointed　　 B. confused

C. unwilling　　 D. shocked

4.What is the best title for the passage?

A. Precision Farming Increases Crop Yields

B. More Challenges Faced by Modern Farmers

C. Development of Farming Systems in the U.S.

D. Traditional Farming is Gradually Disappearing

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Do you want to live another 100 years or more? Some experts say that scientific advances will one day enable humans to last tens of years beyond what is now seen as the natural limit of the human life span.

"I think we are knocking at the door of immortality(永生)," said Michael Zey, a Montclair State University business professor and author of two books on the future. "I think by 2075 we will see it and that’s a conservative estimate".

At the conference in San Francisco, Donald Louria, a professor at New Jersey Medical School in Newark said advances in using genes as well as nanotechnology（纳米技术）make it likely that humans will live in the future beyond what has been possible in the past. "There is a great push so that people can live from 120 to 180 years," he said. "Some have suggested that there is no limit and that people could live to 200 or 300 or 500 years."

However, many scientists who specialize in ageing are doubtful about it and say the human body is just not designed to last about 120 years. Even with healthier lifestyles and less disease, they say failure of the brain and organs will finally lead all humans to death.

Scientists also differ on what kind of life the super aged might live. "It remains to be seen if you pass 120, you know; could you be healthy enough to have good quality of life?" said Leonard Pooh, director of the University of Georgia Gerontology(老龄学) Center. "At present people who could get to that point are not in good health at all."

1.By saying "we are knocking at the door of immortality", Michael Zey means ________.

A．they believe that there is no limit of living

B．they are sure to find the truth about long living

C．they have got some ideas about living forever

D．they are able to make people live past the present life span

2.Donald Louria's attitude towards long living is that ________.

A．people can live from 120 to 180 years

B．it is still doubtful how long humans can live

C．the human body is designed to last about 120 years

D．it is possible for humans to live longer in the future

3.The underlined "it"（paragraph 4）refers to ________.

A．a great push

B．the idea of living beyond the present life span

C．the idea of living from 200 to 300 years

D．the conservative estimate

4.What would be the best title for this text?

A．Living Longer or Not

B．Science, Technology and Long Living

C．No Limit for Human Life

D．Healthy Lifestyle and Long Living

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Many experts think the implications of the new legislation will need to be ________ .

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Experts say ________ to sunlight for too much time will do harm to one’s skin.

A. exposed                           B. having exposed              C. being exposed                D. exposing

高三英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析

Experts say there are about 6，500 languages spoken throughout the world.But the United Nations estimates that about half of these languages are in danger of disappearing.

One non-profit organization seeking to save world languages is a New York-based group called Wikitongues.Officials from Wikitongues say the organization has a simple goal:to provide the tools and support that people need to save their languages.

Udell is the co-founder of Wikitongues.He said when a language disappears，many other things can go away as well.For example，parts of a community’s culture，knowledge and identity can also be lost.Because of this.Udell believes the process of bringing languages back must be done by community members themselves，“from the ground up，”he said.

“There is no way an outside organization can save someone’s language for them.”

Wikitongues was launched in 2016 as an open internet collection of world languages.The self-described“community”is operated by volunteers from around the world.The collection is in the form of language videos that people add to the Wikitongues website.

There are currently more than 400 languages and dialects represented on Wikitongues’YouTube channel.Udell says more than 1,500 people from 70 different countries have added videos to the system.

“We have people from India who record dozens of languages，which is beyond their own.”he said.

One of Wikitongues’volunteers is Kolokwe，who lives in Namibia.His native language is Subiya，however，he does not get the chance to speak his native language every day.Like many other educated people from his area，he speaks a lot of English and Afrikaans.

Kolokwe is hoping his involvement with Wikitongues call help keep Subiya and other African languages from going extinct.He wants the world to know about his language.But his goal goes beyond just sharing his language with others through video.He is also working to create a dictionary and language teaching materials that can be used in schools.

1.What is tile result of languages disappearing?

A. People are uncertain about who they are.

B. All the customs and beliefs are still existing.

C. People can not communicate with each other.

D. The community becomes more independent.

2.Which of the following is true of Wikitongues?

A. It was founded by the United Nations.

B. Officials from it want to make money.

C. It contributes to saving languages.

D. 1500 languages are uploaded on its website.

3.Why is Kolokwe involved in volunteering?

A. He has no chance to speak his native language.

B. He dislikes speaking English and Afrikaans.

C. He wants to stop his native language dying out.

D. He hopes to teach his language in school himself.

4.What can we infer from the opinion of Udell?

A. The majority of languages have been saved.

B. Wikitongues can save languages disappearing.

C. Internet plays a more important part than volunteers.

D. Only community members can save their own languages.

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Experts say there are about 6，500 languages spoken throughout the world. But the United Nations guesses that about half of these languages are in danger of disappearing.

One organization seeking to save world languages is Wikitongues. It has a simple goal: to provide the tools and support that people need to save their languages. When a language disappears, many other things can go away as well. For example, parts of a community's(社区的)culture. knowledge and identity can also be lost.

Because of this, Udell. co-founder of Wikitongues. believes the process of bringing languages hack must be done by community members themselves. he said. "There is no way an outside organization can save someone's language for them.”

Wikitongues was started in 2016 as an open Internet collection of world languages. The self-described "community" is operated by volunteers from around the world. The collection is in the form of language videos that people speaking the languages add to the Wikitongues website.

Udell says saving languages does count. There are many examples of languages that disappeared but later returned to use. "Hebrew went extinct(灭绝的)in the 4th century BC, and was revived(复兴)in the 1800s. Now once again，it's the mother tongue of half of the world's Jewish population.”Another example is a Native American tribe.　 The tribe's language went extinct in the 1940s. But the tribe was able to successfully build up a "language recovery" in recent years.

One of Wikitongues' volunteers is Theron Kolokwe. who lives in Namibia. His native language is Subiya. which is spoken by about 30.000 people.

"I want the world to know about my language,” Kolokwe said. But his goal goes beyond just sharing his language with others through video. He is also working to create a dictionary and language teaching materials that can be used in schools.

1.What does Udell consider important in saving languages?

A. Gathering language information. B. Relying on the language speakers.

C. Setting up an outside organization. D. Combining languages with culture.

2.How does Wikitongues help save languages?

A. By getting language videos from its speakers collected.

B. By building an online dictionary for each language.

C. By creating a real-life community for its speakers.

D. By requiring volunteers to learn new languages.

3.What do the examples in paragraph 5 suggest?

A. The achievements of Wikitongues. B. The influences of languages on life.

C. The significance of saving languages. D. The difficulty with language recovery.

4.What can be a suitable title for the text?

A. Wikitongues Is Struggling to Spread Languages

B. Wikitongues Starts a Language Learning Website

C. Wikitongues Is Bringing Old Languages Back to Life

D. Wikitongues Seeks to Save World's Dying Languages

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The farmers eat only 20 percent of fruits they grow, the rest of which _____ sold to the supermarket.

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D

Over 70 percent of the "double single-child couples" in China need help from their parents in taking care of their own kids, according to a recent survey．

"Women of China" magazine and a consulting company carried out a survey recently on young couples of the "single-child" generation, the Morning Post reports．The couples surveyed were around 29 and have been married for three years on average, with university education and monthly income of 4．000 yuan ($531)．Among them, 43．5 percent have kids．

Results show that 71．9 percent of the young couples have help from their parents in taking care of their kids．

Grown up as the "single-child", the only child in a family since the family planning policy was adopted in 1979, this generation depends much on their parents．

The parents of the "single-child" generation focused more on their children's physical well-being rather than their attitudes and values, according to some psychologists．

The research also found that the "double single-child couples" follow a rather traditional value system．

Survey shows that 27．5 percent of them got married after dating for one to two years, 25．2 percent two to five years, and 20 percent didn't tie the knot until dating for five years．Also, 30 percent of the couples were schoolmates, while 43．8 percent were introduced by someone．

Since their marriage are based on enduring relationships, 65．2 percent of the husbands and 62．9 percent of the wives think that compromise(妥协)and tolerance(宽容)are necessary in their marriage．Meanwhile, 21．7 percent of the husbands and 37．1 percent of the wives support the idea that happiness is the key standard for a marriage．

71．The best title for the passage should be_______．

A．Mom and Dad,Take Care of My Kid Please

B．Bouble Single-child Couples

C．The Problem of the Single Child

D．A Recent Survey By Woman of China"

72．Which of the following is NOT supported by the passage?

A．The majority of the "double single-child couples" in China depend much on their parents．

B．The parents of the “single-child”generation more care about their study and education．

C．One-fifth of the couples surveyed didn't get marriied until dating for five years．

D．All the couples surveyed have university education and 30 percent of them were schoolmates

73．Which of the following descriptions about “double single-child couples” is True ?

A．They are single child in either family and independent of their parents

B．They are single child in either family and they are dependent on their parents

C．They have at least two children and can afford to support themselves

D．They, who were introduced by someone, follow a rather traditional value system

74．The traditional value system mentioned in the passage refers that_____．

A．parents are concerned about their children’s physical life as well as the spiritual life

B．most couples were introduced by someone and made dating for a long time

C．once begun, double single-child couples’marriage will last forever

D．the couples think that compromise and tolerance are necessary in their marriage．

75．According to the passage, we can learn that ______ is necessary in marriage．

A．wealth        B．health        C．understanding D．education

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Just as some experts say, shopping by television will never take the place of shopping in ______ stores, because many people find shopping at a store ______ great enjoyment.

A. a; the       B. the; a           C. a; /             D. /; a

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