Joseph Goldberger was a doctor for the United...

Joseph Goldberger was a doctor for the United States Public Health Service and he was an advocate for scientific and social recognition of the links between poverty and disease. In 1914, Goldberger was asked by US Surgeon General Rupert Blue to study a skin disease that was killing thousands of people in the South. The disease was pellagra (糙皮病)．

Goldberger traveled to the state of Mississippi where many people suffered from pellagra. He studied the victims and their families. Most of the people lived a hard life. The doctor came to believe that the disease didn’t pass on from one to another, but was instead related to food. He received permission from the state governor to test this idea at a prison. Prisoners were offered pardons if they took part. One group of prisoners received their usual foods, mostly corn products. A second group ate meat, fresh vegetables and drank milk. Members of the first group developed pellagra. The second group did not.

But some medical researchers refused to accept Goldberger’s idea. For the South, pellagra was more than simply a medical problem. There were other things, including Southern pride.

So Goldberger had himself injected (注射) with blood from a person with pellagra. He also took liquid from the nose and throat of a pellagra patient and put them into his own nose and throat. He even swallowed pills that contained skin from pellagra patients. An assistant also took part in the experiments. So did Goldberger’s wife. None of them got sick.

Joseph Goldberger died of cancer in 1929. He was fifty­five years old. Several years later, researchers discovered the exact cause of pellagra: a lack of vitamin B3 known as niacin.

1.Who were likely to get pellagra according to Goldberger?

A.People in the south of America.

B.People having a poor diet.

C.People in prison.

D.People touching pellagra patients.

2.What did Goldberger want to prove by the experiments mentioned in Paragraph 4?

A.Pellagra wasn’t so terrible.

B.Pellagra could be cured.

C.Pellagra didn’t spread.

D.Pellagra wasn’t a medical problem.

3.Why did some medical researchers refuse to accept Goldberger’s idea?

A.Goldberger’s idea sounds ridiculous.

B.They have done their own research.

C.The result hurt their pride.

D.Goldberger didn’t do enough research.

4.Which words can be used to describe Goldberger?

A.Selfless and friendly. B.Devoted and determined.

C.Patient and expert. D.Stubborn and enthusiastic.

高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析

Life expectancy in the United States has been in decline for the first time in decades, and public health officials have identified a series of potential causes, including inaccessible health care, rising drug addiction and rates of mental health disorders, and socio-economic factors. Now, a study led by the Yale School of Medicine has attempted to find out the relative impact of two factors most often linked to life expectancy – race and education – by looking at data about 5,114 black and white participants in four U.S. cities.

The lives and deaths among this group of people – who took part in the study approximately 30 years ago when they were in their early 20s – show that the level of education, and not race, is the best predictor of who will live the longest.

Among the 5,114 people followed in the study, 395 had died. These deaths were occurring in working-age people, often with children, before the age of 60. The rates of death among participants in this group did clearly show racial differences, with approximately 9% of blacks dying at an early age compared to 6% of whites. There were also differences in causes of death by race. For instance, black men were significantly more likely to die of murder and white men from AIDS. The most common causes of death across all groups over time were cardiovascular disease and cancer.

But there were also obvious differences in rates of death by education level. Approximately 13% of participants with a high school degree or less education died compared with only approximately 5% of college graduates.

Strikingly, when looking at race and education at the same time, the researchers found that differences related to race almost disappeared: 13.5% of black subjects and 13.2% of white subjects with a high school degree or less died during the course of the study. By contrast, 5.9% of black subjects and 4.3% of whites with college degrees had died.

Therefore, improving overall quality of education is something tangible that can help reverse (扭转)this troubling trend in reduction of life expectancy among middle-aged adults.

1.What can we learn about the participants in the study?

A.The whites are more aggressive.

B.The whites got higher education.

C.More blacks than whites died young.

D.More whites than blacks died of cancer.

2.Compared with education, the influence of race on death rates is 　　　　　 .

A.significant B.unnoticeable

C.growing D.long-lasting

3.What does the underlined word “tangible” probably mean?

A.Realistic. B.Creative.

C.Challenging. D.Temporary.

4.What can be inferred from the research findings？

A.People can get smart through learning.

B.One should not discriminate other races.

C.People don’t enjoy equal rights for education.

D.One can live longer by getting more education.

高三英语阅读理解困难题查看答案及解析

I was born and raised in Hong Kong．For the past six years, I've been living in the United States．I work as a salesgirl in a large department store．Right now I'm going through a difficult period of my life which is hard for me to talk about．

A few months ago, I went to Hong Kong for a visit．It was the first time I'd gone back there since coming to the United States．I was eager to see my parents, my brothers, my sisters and my friends．

I really got a shock when I arrived．Hong Kong was not the same city as I left six years ago．Things had changed so much that I didn't recognize parts of it．My primary school was gone．The houses on the street where I used to live had been torn down and replaced by office buildings．

The shock from the physical changes in the city, however, was nothing compares to the confusion and hurt I soon began to feel in my parents' home．My family greeted warmly when I arrived．While my mother was busy preparing a special dinner in my honor, the rest of the family eagerly asked me questions about my life in the United States．I felt happy that day and for a couple of days after, but then I began to feel that something was wrong．I noticed that my family, especially my mother, would sometimes glance at me in a strange way when I was speaking．They gradually became less warm and friendly towards me, I became uncomfortable and confused as to why they were behaving that day．

I decided to talk to my mother．She asked me, "Have you forgotten your Chinese way?" I asked her what she meant．She asked, "You've forgotten the place of women in a Chinese home．You talk when you should remain silent．You speak on matters that of concern only to men．You speak openly of your inner feelings and desires．That's not the way of a Chinese woman．We keep our thoughts and feelings to ourselves．

1.I was born and raised in Hong Kong．Here raise means______．

A．bring up       B．stay           C．become higher   D．live

2.What shocked the author most during her visit in Hong Kong?

A．The physical changes in Hong Kong．

B．Her primary school didn't exist any longer．

C．She couldn't recognize parts of Hong Kong．

D．The confusion and hurt she experienced in her parents' home．

3.Why did the author's family become less warm and friendly towards her?

A．She had forgotten her role as a woman．

B．She didn't follow the Chinese custom about how a woman should behave at home．

C．She spoke of her inner feelings and desires directly．

D．She talked about matters that were not concerned with women．

4.The best title for this passage is _______．

A．My Trip in Hong Kong                               B．The Changes in Hong Kong

C．Caught Between Two Cultures                        D．The Chinese Way

高三英语阅读理解简单题查看答案及解析

In 1999,twelve percent of public elementary schools in the United States required students to wear uniforms. Just three years later,the amount was almost double that.

A study of six big-city Ohio public schools showed students who were required to wear uniforms had improved graduation,behavior and attendance rates.Academic performance was unchanged.

Some high schools in Texas have also joined in the movement.Yet studies find mixed results from requiring uniforms.And some schools have turned away from such policies.

Supporters believe dressing the same creates a better learning environment and safer schools.The school district in Long Beach,California,was the first in the country to require uniforms in all elementary and middle schools.The example helped build national interest in uniforms as a way to deal with school violence and improve learning.

Findings in Long Beach suggested that the policy resulted in fewer behavior problems and better attendance. But researcher Viktoria,who has looked at those findings,says they were based only on opinions about the effects of uniforms.

She says other steps taken at the same time to improve schools in Long Beach and statewide could have influenced the findings.The district (the area marked by government) increased punishments for misbehavior.And California passed a law to reduce class sizes.

In Florida,for example,researcher Sharon found that uniforms seemed to improve behavior and reduce violence. In Texas,Eloise found fewer discipline problems among students required to wear uniforms,but no effect on attendance.

Sociologist David has studied school uniform policies since1998.He collected the reports in the book.In his own study,he found that reading and mathematics performance dropped after a school in Pennsylvania（宾夕法尼亚州）required uniforms.

Political and community pressures may persuade schools to go to uniforms to improve learning.But David and others believe there is not enough evidence of a direct relationship.In fact,he says requiring uniforms may even increase discipline problems.

1.Which of the following researchers are NOT supporters of school uniform policies?

A. Viktoria and Sharon.　　 B. Sharon and David.

C. Eloise and Sharon.　　 D. Viktoria and David.

2.The underlined word “misbehavior” in the sixth paragraph probably means ________.

A. serious crime　　 B. bad performance

C. absence for class　　 D. action against wearing uniforms

3.What can we infer from the passage?

A. More work is needed to get better information about uniform’s effect.

B. The number of schools requiring uniforms in the U.S.will become less sharply.

C. Wearing uniforms has little to do with behavior and learning.

D. Politicians and communities won’t vote for uniform policies.

4.What’s the main idea of this passage?

A. More and more students are required to wear uniforms in the U.S.

B. Wearing uniforms contributes to good academic performance.

C. Researchers in the U.S.argue for school uniform policies.

D. Evidence for school uniform polices in the U.S.is seen as weak.

高三英语阅读理解困难题查看答案及解析

In nineteen ninety-nine, twelve percent of public elementary schools in the United States required students to wear uniforms. Just three years later, estimates were almost double that.

A study of six big-city Ohio public schools showed students who were required to wear uniforms had improved graduation, behavior and attendance rates. Academic performance was unchanged.

Some middle and high schools in Texas have also joined the movement. Yet studies find mixed results from requiring uniforms. And some schools have turned away from such policies.

Supporters believe dressing the same creates a better learning environment and safer schools. The school district in Long Beach, California, was the first in the country to require uniforms in all elementary and middle schools. The example helped build national interest in uniforms as a way to deal with school violence and improve learning.

Findings in Long Beach suggested that the policy resulted in fewer behavior problems and better attendance. But researcher Viktoria Stamison, who has looked at those findings, says they were based only on opinions about the effects of uniforms.

She says other steps taken at the same time to improve schools in Long Beach and statewide could have influenced the findings. The district increased punishments for misbehavior. And California passed a law to reduce class sizes.

In Florida, for example, researcher Sharon Pate found that uniforms seemed to improve behavior and reduce violence. In Texas, Eloise Hughes found fewer discipline problems among students required to wear uniforms, but no effect on attendance.

Sociologist David Brunsma has studied school uniform policies since nineteen ninety-eight. He collected the reports in the book. In his own study, he found that reading and mathematics performance dropped after a school in rural Pennsylvania required uniforms.

Political and community pressures may persuade schools to go to uniforms to improve learning. But David Brunsma and others believe there is not enough evidence of a direct relationship. In fact, he says requiring uniforms may even increase discipline problems.

52. What’s the main idea of this passage?

A. More and more students are required to wear uniforms in the US.

B. Wearing uniforms contributes to good academic performance.

C. Researchers in the US argue for school uniform policies.

D. Evidence for school uniform policies in the US is seen as weak.

53. Which was/were the first in the US to require uniforms in all elementary and middle schools?

A. Six big-city Ohio public schools.

B. The school district in Long Beach, California.

C. Some middle and high schools in Texas.

D. Some elementary and middle schools in Florida.

54. Which of the following researchers are NOT supporters of school uniform policies?

A. Viktoria Stamison and Sharon Pate.

B. Sharon Pate and David Brunsma.

C. Eloise Hughes and Sharon Pate.

D. Viktoria Stamison and David Brunsma.

55. The underlined word “misbehavior” in the sixth paragraph probably means ______.

A. serious crime            B. bad performance

C. absence for class       D. action against wearing uniforms

56. We can infer from the passage that ______.

A. more work is needed to get better information about uniform’s effect

B. the number of schools requiring uniforms in the US will decline sharply

C. wearing uniforms has little to do with behavior and learning

D. politicians and communities won’t vote for uniform policies

高三英语阅读理解简单题查看答案及解析

In nineteen ninety-nine, twelve percent of public elementary schools in the United States required students to wear uniforms. Just three years later, estimates were almost double that.

A study of six big-city Ohio public schools showed students who were required to wear uniforms had improved graduation, behavior and attendance rates. Academic performance was unchanged.

Some middle and high schools in Texas have also joined the movement. Yet studies find mixed results from requiring uniforms. And some schools have turned away from such policies.

Supporters believe dressing the same creates a better learning environment and safer schools. The school district in Long Beach, California, was the first in the country to require uniforms in all elementary and middle schools. The example helped build national interest in uniforms as a way to deal with school violence and improve learning.

Findings in Long Beach suggested that the policy resulted in fewer behavior problems and better attendance. But researcher Viktoria Stamison, who has looked at those findings, says they were based only on opinions about the effects of uniforms.

She says other steps taken at the same time to improve schools in Long Beach and statewide could have influenced the findings. The district increased punishments for misbehavior. And California passed a law to reduce class sizes.

In Florida, for example, researcher Sharon Pate found that uniforms seemed to improve behavior and reduce violence. In Texas, Eloise Hughes found fewer discipline problems among students required to wear uniforms, but no effect on attendance.

Sociologist David Brunsma has studied school uniform policies since nineteen ninety-eight. He collected the reports in the book. In his own study, he found that reading and mathematics performance dropped after a school in rural Pennsylvania required uniforms.

Political and community pressures may persuade schools to go to uniforms to improve learning. But David Brunsma and others believe there is not enough evidence of a direct relationship. In fact, he says requiring uniforms may even increase discipline problems.

1.What’s the main idea of this passage?

A. More and more students are required to wear uniforms in the US.

B. Wearing uniforms contributes to good academic performance.

C. Researchers in the US argue for school uniform policies.

D. Evidence for school uniform policies in the US is seen as weak.

2.Which was/were the first in the US to require uniforms in all elementary and middle schools?

A. Six big-city Ohio public schools.

B. The school district in Long Beach, California.

C. Some middle and high schools in Texas.

D. Some elementary and middle schools in Florida.

3.Which of the following researchers are NOT supporters of school uniform policies?

A. Viktoria Stamison and Sharon Pate.

B. Sharon Pate and David Brunsma.

C. Eloise Hughes and Sharon Pate.

D. Viktoria Stamison and David Brunsma.

4.The underlined word “misbehavior” in the sixth paragraph probably means ______.

A. serious crime     B. bad performance

C. absence for class D. action against wearing uniforms

5.We can infer from the passage that ______.

A. more work is needed to get better information about uniform’s effect

B. the number of schools requiring uniforms in the US will decline sharply

C. wearing uniforms has little to do with behavior and learning

D. politicians and communities won’t vote for uniform policies

高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析

Another man-made wonder of the United States was built long before the nation was established. About 900 years ago, the Ancestral Puebloan people built villages high in the walls of canyons in Colorado, where 600 cliff dwellings are now part of the Mesa Verde National Park.

Visitors can stand at the top of the mesas and look into the dwellings almost hidden in openings of the rock walls. The Puebloan people cut small steps into the rock, which connected buildings containing hundreds of rooms.

The rock walls have protected the buildings from severe weather in the area; therefore, they remain mostly unchanged in the hundreds of years since they were built.

Our final man-made wonder is in the northwestern city of Seattle, Washington. The Space Needle was built as the central structure for the 1962 World's Fair.

The 184-meter-tall structure was designed by Edward Carlson, which has a wide base on the ground, with its middle narrow and a large ring-like structure on top. The structure was meant to look like a "flying saucer," a vehicle that was popular in science fiction space travel stories.  The saucer includes an observation area and eating place. The restaurant slowly turns to provide visitors with a 360 degree view of Seattle.

The Space Needle, only costing about $4,500,000, was not very costly, and was designed and completed in about a year and opened on the first day of the World's Fair.

Today, the Space Needle is the most popular place for visitors to Seattle. And it remains the internationally known symbol of the city.

1.What the passage before this one can be about?

A. Some natural wonders in the world.

B. Sightseeing in the US.

C. Some other artificial wonders in the US.

D. American geography.

2.What does the underlined word “dwelling” mean?

A. village                    B. house                     C. canyon                   D. step

3. Which of the following descriptions about the Space Needle is TRUE?

A. It is a man-made wonder in Washington, D.C..

B. Edward Carlson built the structure.

C. It has a ring-like structure on top.

D. It remains the internationally known symbol of the US.

4.What is the passage mainly about?

A. Visiting the US                        B. Man-made wonders in the US

C. Wonders in the world           D. Famous places in the US

高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析

Marjorie Gestring

Marjorie Gestring was a springboard（跳板） diver from the United States who won the gold medal in 3-meter springboard diving at the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin, Germany at the age of 13 years．With the cancellation（取消） of the Olympics in 1940 and 1944 because of World War II, Gestring did not get a chance to defend her title, and her comeback attempt for the 1948 Summer Olympics failed．

Bob Mathias

17-year-old American Bob Mathias won the decathlon（十项全能运动） only four months after taking up the sport．He is the youngest athlete in Olympic history to win a men's track and field event．By the time Mathias retired from decathlon competition in 1952, he had nine victories in nine competitions．He had won two gold medals separately in 1948 and 1952．In 1954 a film about his early life called The Bob Mathias Story was made, in which he and his wife played themselves．

Fu Mingxia

Fu Mingxia was born on August 16, 1978 in Wuhan, Hubei Province．At an early age, her father taught her to swim at a nearby river．She started exercising gymnastics at age 5, soon turning to diving．Fu Mingxia left home at age 9 to train in Beijing．In the 1992 Summer Olympics held in Barcelona, Fu Mingxia became China's youngest Olympic champion ever when she won the 10-meter platform gold at the age of 13．

Ian Thorpe

Ian Thorpe was born on 13 October, 1982．He is a former Australian freestyle swimmer．At the age of 14, he became the youngest male ever to represent Australia．Ian Thorpe, 17 years old, won the gold medal in the 400m freestyle by breaking his own world record in Sydney 2000．He has won five Olympic gold medals．

1.How many times has Marjorie Gestring taken part in the Olympic Games?

2.Which two athletes took part in the Olympics in the same year ?

3.How long had Fu Mingxia practised diving in Beijing before she won the 10-meter platform gold in the 1992 Summer Olympics?

4.What is the passage mainly about ?

高三英语阅读理解困难题查看答案及解析

In the early part of the twentieth century, racism was widespread in the United States. Many African Americans were not given equal opportunities in education or employment. Marian Anderson (1897-1993) was an African American woman who gained fame as a concert singer in this climate of racism. She was born in Philadelphia and sang in church choirs during her childhood. When she applied for admission to a local music school in 1917, she was turned down because she was black. Unable to attend music school, she began her career as a singer for church gatherings. In 1929, she went to Europe to study voice and spent several years performing there. Her voice was widely praised throughout Europe. Then she returned to the US in 1935 and became a top concert singer after performing at Town Hall in New York City.

Racism again affected Anderson in 1939. When it was arranged for her to sing at Constitution Hall in Washington, DC, the Daughters of the American Revolution opposed it because of her color. She sang instead at the Lincoln Memorial for over 75 000 people. In 1955, Anderson became the first black soloist to sing win the Metropolitan Opera of New York City. The famous conductor Toscanini praised her voice as “heard only once in a hundred years”. She was a US delegate to the United Nations in 1958 and won the UN peace prize in 1977. Anderson eventually triumphed over racism.

1.According to this passage, what did Marian Anderson do between 1917 and 1929?

2.Toscanini thought that Marian Anderson         .

3.Anderson’s beautiful voice was first recognized       .

A. at the Lincoln Memorial              B. in Washington, DC.

C. in Europe                            D. at the United Nations

4.This passage shows that Anderson finally defeated racism in the US by

高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析

In the early part of the twentieth century, racism was widespread in the United States. Many African Americans were not given equal opportunities in education or employment. Marian Anderson (1897-1993) was an African American woman who gained fame as a concert singer in this climate of racism. She was born in Philadelphia and sang in church choirs during her childhood. When she applied for admission to a local music school in 1917, she was turned down because she was black. Unable to attend music school, she began her career as a singer for church gatherings. In 1929, she went to Europe to study voice and spent several years performing there. Her voice was widely praised throughout Europe. Then she returned to the US in 1935 and became a top concert singer after performing at Town Hall in New York City.

Racism again affected Anderson in 1939. When it was arranged for her to sing at Constitution Hall in Washington, DC, the Daughters of the American Revolution opposed it because of her color. She sang instead at the Lincoln Memorial for over 75 000 people. In 1955, Anderson became the first black soloist to sing win the Metropolitan Opera of New York City. The famous conductor Toscanini praised her voice as “heard only once in a hundred years”. She was a US delegate to the United Nations in 1958 and won the UN peace prize in 1977. Anderson eventually triumphed over racism.

1.According to this passage, what did Marian Anderson do between 1917 and 1929?

A. She studied at a music school.                B. She sang for religious activities.

C. She sang at Town Hall in New York.              D. She studied voice in Europe.

2.Toscanini thought that Marian Anderson ________.

A. had a very rare voice                             B. sang occasionally in public

C. sang only once in many years                 D. was seldom heard by people

3.Anderson’s beautiful voice was first recognized ________.

A. at the Lincoln Memorial                         B. in Washington, DC.

C. in Europe                                             D. at the United Nations

4.This passage shows that Anderson finally defeated racism in the US by ________.

A. protesting to the government                  B. appealing to the United Nations

C. demonstrating in the streets           D. working hard to perfect her art

高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析