Thomas Wallin at Cornell University in New Yo...

Thomas Wallin at Cornell University in New York and his colleagues have created soft robotic grippers(机械爪）that are capable of sweating to cool down.

The grippers are capable of a cooling capacity of 107 watts per kilogram,making them more efficient sweaters than mammals.By comparison,humans and horses have a maximum cooling capacity around 35 watts per kilogram.

Each gripper consists of three finger-like parts that bend simultaneously(同步地）to grasp small objects.The 3D-printed grippers are made from hydrogels -materials which can store large amounts of water.Each finger is made from an underlayer with an internal channel to let fluid flow and is capped with a surface layer containing micropores(微孔）。

At cold temperatures,the pores close.At temperatures higher than 30C,the surface layer expands,enabling pressurised fluid from the underlayer to sweat out.The material responds simultaneously to temperature changes without the need for external sensors.

＂Sweating takes advantage of evaporative water loss to rapidly dissipate(使消散）heat,”said Wallin in a press briefing yesterday.Unlike convection or radiation,sweating lowers the temperature of a body below that of its environment,he said.

＂When the local temperature rose above the transition,the pores would simply open on their own,"said Wallin.

When blown by wind from a fan,the sweating robots cooled at a rate of 39.1C per minute, about six times faster than similar devices that are unable to sweat.The technique could be used to help robots operate for long periods of time without overheating,said team-member Robert Shepherd,also at Cornwell.

However,there is currently no means for the robot to replenish(补充）its fluid stores after sweating.This means"the robots that operate via the autonomous sweating that we've created would have to also be able to drink",said Shepherd.

1.What is the most distinct feature of soft robotic grippers?

A.They can cool themselves down by sweating.

B.They can grasp objects like human fingers.

C.They can store large amounts of water.

D.They're 3D printed and can bend.

2.What is the fundamental principle behind the sweating of robotic grippers?

A.Three parts of each gripper bend at the same time.

B.The external sensors detect the temperature change.

C.Heat expands the material and squeezes the liquid out.

D.Radiation lowers the temperature below the environment.

3.We can conclude from the last paragraph that the robots

A.can sweat by themselves

B.need to be refilled with water

C.can sense thirst and drink water

D.can work long without overheating

高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析

Dickson Despommier, a public health professor at Columbia University in New York City developed an idea with his students nine years ago. They imagined people in cities growing crops inside a tall building. Tomatoes could grow on one floor of the skyscraper(摩天大楼), potatoes on the next, small animals and fish on the floor above.

This vertical(垂直的) farm, or "farmscraper", could have space for restaurants and other places that serve food, like schools or hospitals. They could serve foods that are truly locally grown.

But why would anyone want to build a farm indoors in a city? Dickson Despommier believes it will become necessary. The world needs to find places to produce enough food to feed the growing population. Space, he says, is an all-important issue.

The professor also points to the problems of traditional farms. They use a lot of freshwater. Their fertilizer and animal waste can pollute water resources. And their growing seasons can be limited.

But inside the vertical farm, crops could grow all year. And there would be no wind to blow away soil. Farmers would not have to worry about too much or too little rain, or about hot summers, freezing winters or insects. And without insects there would be no need for chemicals to kill them.

Farm machines that .use fossil fuels, like tractors, would not be needed either. And water could be recycled for drinking. "The vertical farm reuses everything, so there is no waste," says Professor Despommier.

Even buildings could be saved. Old buildings could become new farms and provide jobs.

The professor has been actively proposing the idea to cities as far away as Dubai and Canada. But so far it exists only in plans and drawings, and a model at the Museum of Science and Industry in Chicago.

Critics say building a farmscraper would cost too much, especially considering the price of land in many cities. Dickson Despommier estimates the cost at about twenty to thirty million dollars.

But he says the building would not have to be very tall. And his graduate students have found many empty lots and unused buildings in New York City that could provide space.

1.According to the passage the purpose of proposing the idea of a farm scraper is to.

A．find places to produce enough food

B．serve food that are truly locally grown

C．prevent polluting the limited land

D．save fresh water

2.Which is one of the advantages of a farm scraper?

A．It costs less

B．It saves labor power.

C．It consumes too much energy

D．It is more environmentally friendly.

3.Those against the idea of farm scrapers argue that

A．it uses too much land in cities

B．it costs too much to build one

C．it causes people to lose their jobs

D．it exists only in unrealistic plans

4.Which of the following is true according to the passage?

A．A vertical farm has been built in Chicago.

B．Old buildings could be changed into new farms.

C．Traditional farms use less water but pollute more water

D．There are some vertical farms being put into use in Canada.

高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析

Charles R. Drew was a medical student at Columbia University in New York. Before he graduated, he wrote an article __26___ blood bank, that is, the storing of blood. Up till then, a lot of people had died from loss of blood __27___ there was no blood bank.

When the United States entered the Second World War, it became __28___ to set up blood banks. Dr Drew became _29___ of the Red Cross’s first blood bank. When the Red Cross __30___ blood banks to collect and store blood for men __31__ in battle, black American gave blood along with the whites. At ___32__ their blood was not accepted. Later blood from the blacks was ___33___ but was stored in a __34___ place from “white” blood. Although the best doctors __35___ that there was _36___ difference at all between the blood of blacks and whites, the Red Cross, with the support of the government, __37___ to separate black blood from white blood.

After the war, Dr Drew was ___38__ from Washington with three other doctors to attend a medical meeting in a southern state. In northern Carolina their car went __39___ a ditch（深沟）and Dr Drew was _40___ hurt. He had lost __41__ blood by the time a passing car took him to the __42___ hospital. But they were stopped at the gate of the hospital. “__43__him to the hospital for blacks.” No matter __44___ they said, they could not get into the hospital. They had to take him to the __45___ hospital, but on the way Dr Drew died because he had lost too much blood.

高三英语完型填空困难题查看答案及解析

Charles entered New York University in 2009 and one year later　　　　　 to University of London as an exchange student

A． sent　　　　　　　　 B．had sent

C． was sent　　　　　 D． had been sent

高三英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析

Charles entered New York University in 2009 and one year later ________to University of London as an exchange student.

A.sent B.had sent C.was sent D.had been sent

高三英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析

New York University (NYU) is one of the best universities in the United States and it has just opened a school in Shanghai in partnership with East China Normal University(ECNU). The arrival of the American university on China mainland is an example of what is being called the “globalization” of education and it is hoped that this trend will influence the quality of education in all of China’s universities by raising the standard of teaching.

NYU Shanghai’s class of 2017(students will graduate in 2017) is made up of 295 students from China, America and other countries. The students will study liberal arts courses for two years before choosing a major and when they graduate, they will receive a degree from NYU and a degree from ECNU. All the classes will be taught in English, using the teaching methods in American universities. Students will be pushed to take risks in the classroom, pushed to speak up and pushed to say things that are not completely correct, which can make them understand that it’s OK for them to make mistakes in class.

This style of learning will be challenging for many Chinese students, because they will be mixed with the foreign students both in the classroom and in the dormitory. Living and studying with foreigners day to day will provide Chinese students with a cultural as well as academic education and it’s hoped that this cross-cultural experience will benefit them when they seek jobs in the competitive global market.

China’s interest in partnering with foreign universities comes at a time when western universities are trying to expand. They realize that information, technology and business are now borderless; they also realize education should be borderless too. This trend will have a deep effect on bringing the world closer together and the students at NYU Shanghai should be excited to be on the leading edge of this trend.

1.The opening of NYU Shanghai class may help _________.

A. improve the quality of China’s university education

B. prove that NYU is the best university in the United States

C. send more Chinese students to foreign universities

D. raise the standard of teaching in American university

2.What is the NYU Shanghai’s class like?

A. It offers the same courses as NYU does in the US.

B. It’s hard to follow the classes without knowing English.

C. The students are majoring in liberal arts courses.

D. Only two-year courses will be provided in this class.

3. How should the students perform in the classroom?

A. They must express themselves correctly.

B. They should try to be active in the class.

C. They will learn something dangerous.

D. They have to correct their mistakes.

4. What can be inferred from Paragraph3?

A. More foreign students will work in Shanghai after graduation.

B. Chinese students will get a better education than foreign students.

C. It may be easier for the students to find jobs after graduation.

D. No foreign students can benefit from the cross-cultural experience.

5.Why are the western universities trying to expand?

A. Because they want to get more information and more money.

B. Because they want to improve their technology.

C. Because Shanghai is on the leading edge in China.

D. Because they think the education resources should be shared.

高三英语阅读理解简单题查看答案及解析

As an elementary school student in New York City, Robert Lee would stare in disbelief at his classmates throwing away half-eaten sandwiches after lunch. His Korean immigrant parents had taught him not to waste food.

While studying finance and accounting at New York University, Robert remembered this lesson all the time. When Robert and his friend Louisa Chen entered a college entrepreneurship (创业）contest，they proposed an idea for a food-rescue nonprofit group： Their program would deliver leftovers from the dining hall to homeless shelters seven days a week all by volunteers. Their idea won the competition. With the $ 1,000 prize, they founded Rescuing Leftover Cuisine (RLC) in July 2013. In just the first few weeks, Robert’s team delivered a donation of enough spaghetti and meatballs to feed 20 people at a New York City homeless shelter.

Robert, who had taken a job as an analyst at J. P. Morgan, devoted his spare time to creating a network of New York City restaurants, from small delis (熟食店）to large chains like Starbucks and Panera Bread, agreeing to donate food, and he enlisted volunteers to make food deliveries. After RLC received national press attention, homeless shelters and soup kitchens in Portland, Oregon, Washington, DC and other cities reached out to Robert for partnership advice. The organization now reaches 16 cities around the country.

Only a year into his finance job, Robert gave up his six-figure salary to focus on RLC. “I compared one hour of impact at J. P. Morgan to one hour at RLC，and the difference was just tremendous,” he says. “One shelter told us that our donations allowed them to provide entire dinners for more than 300 people, three nights a week，” Robert says. “Things like that make me gladly quit my job.”

1.How did Robert feel when his classmates threw away food?

A.Astonished. B.Embarrassed.

C.Disappointed. D.Interested.

2.What do we know about the RLC?

A.It won $ 1,000 prize.

B.It got supported by many restaurants.

C.It asked the homeless shelters for advice.

D.It has branches all over the world.

3.Why did Robert leave his job at J P Morgan?

A.One shelter spoke highly of him.

B.RLC offered him six-figure salary.

C.He could make a bigger difference in society.

D.The work at J. P. Morgan was not suitable for him.

4.Which of the following best describes Robert?

A.Confident. B.Modest.

C.Humorous. D.Selfless.

高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析

As an elementary school student in New York City, Robert Lee would stare in disbelief at his classmates throwing away half-eaten sandwiches after lunch. His Korean immigrant parents had taught him and his older brother not to waste food.

While studying finance and accounting at New York University, Robert remembered this lesson and joined Two Birds One Stone, a food-rescue club on campus that delivered, five days a week, uneaten pasta, vegetables, and other leftovers from the dining hall to nearby homeless shelters.

When Robert and fellow club member Louisa Chen entered a college entrepreneurship（创业） contest, they proposed a slightly different idea for a food-rescue nonprofit group: Their program wouldn’t have a donation minimum (meaning they would gladly pick up one bag of leftover bagels or a single pot of soup), would operate seven days a week, and would be run entirely by volunteers.

Their idea won the competition. With the $1,000 prize, they founded Rescuing Leftover Cuisine (RLC) in July 2013. In just the first few weeks, Robert’s team delivered a donation of enough spaghetti and meatballs to feed 20 people in line at a New York City homeless shelter that had run out of food.

Robert, who had taken a job at J.P. Morgan, devoted his spare time to creating a network of New York City restaurants that agreed to donate food, and he found volunteers to make food deliveries to homeless shelters. After RLC received national press attention, homeless shelters and soup kitchens in Portland, Oregon, Washington, DC and other cities reached out to Robert for partnership advice. To date, RLC has distributed more than 250,000 pounds of food in 12 cities around the country.

Only a year into his finance job, Robert gave up his six-figure salary to focus on RLC. “I compared one hour of impact at J.P. Morgan to one hour at RLC, and the difference was just huge,” he says. He’s now the group’s only full-time employee.

“One shelter recently told us that our donations allow them to provide entire dinners for more than 300 people, three nights a week,” Robert says. “Things like that make me glad I quit my job.”

1.Which of the following statements about RLC is NOT true?

A. It became successful immediately.

B. It has attracted nationwide attention.

C. It was started from a food-rescue club.

D. It delivers food to shelters by volunteers.

2.Where did Robert get the money to found RLC?

A. He saved money in college.

B. He won the prize at a competition.

C. He borrowed money from his friend

D. He received donations from restaurants.

3.Why did Robert quit his job at J.P. Morgan?

A. He couldn’t make as much money as he hoped.

B. The job at J.P. Morgan takes too much of his time.

C. RLC needs a full-time employee to develop its business.

D. Working for RLC is more meaningful than for J.P. Morgan

4.According to Robert, which of the following words best describes the job at RLC?

A. rewarding　　 B. surprising

C. tiring　　 D. exciting

高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析

As a primary school student in New York City, Robert Lee would stare in _______ at his classmates throwing away half-eaten sandwiches after lunch, because his parents had _______ him and his elder brother not to ________ food. They said it was bad karma(作孽).

While studying at New York University, Robert remembered this_______ and joined Two Birds One Stone, a food-rescue club on campus that______, five days a week, uneaten pasta, vegetables, and other leftovers from the school ______to nearby homeless shelters.

When Robert and fellow club member Louisa Chen entered a college contest, they _______ a slightly _______ idea for a food-rescue nonprofit group: Their program wouldn’t have a _______minimum, would _______seven days a week, and its staff would _______volunteers.

Their idea_______the competition. With the＄1,000 prize, they_______Rescuing Leftover Cuisine (RLC) in July, 2013. In just the first few weeks, Robert’s team delivered a donation of enough spaghetti and meatballs to_______ 20 people in line at a New Yorker City homeless shelter that had _______food.

Robert, who had taken a job as an analyst at J.P.Morgan, devoted his spare time to creating a network of New Yorker City restaurants that were_______to donate food, and he enlisted(征募) volunteers to make food deliveries to homeless shelters. After RLC received national press_______, homeless shelters and soup kitchens in many places reached out to Robert for_______. Two years after being founded, RLC had already distributed more than 250,000 pounds of food.

Only a year into his finance job, Robert gave up his six-figure salary to_______RLC. “I compared work at J.P.Morgan with that at RLC, and the difference was great,” he says.

“One shelter told us that our donations allow them to provide entire dinners for more than 300 people, three nights a week,” Robert says. “Things like that make me feel_______that I quit my job.”

1.A. safety B. relief C. honesty D. disbelief

2.A. taught B. allowed C. advised D. forbidden

3.A. prepare B. waste C. purchase D. consider

4.A. intention B. lesson C. rule D. conversation

5.A. cooked B. collected C. delivered D. consumed

6.A. library B. playground C. canteen D. laboratory

7.A. withdrew B. ignored C. avoided D. proposed

8.A. different B. modern C. outdated D. practical

9.A. donation B. wage C. speed D. height

10.A. grow B. produce C. change D. operate

11.A. compete with B. stand for C. consist of D. suffer from

12.A. brought B. won C. held D. contained

13.A. left B. joined C. founded D. defeated

14.A. inspire B. feed C. raise D. cure

15.A. dealt with B. protected C. stored D. run out of

16.A. brave B. nervous C. patient D. willing

17.A. invitation B. award C. attention D. offer

18.A. acceptance B. instructions C. partnership D. materials

19.A. take on B. focus on C. depend on D. turn on

20.A. glad B. regretful C. confident D. unlucky

高三英语完形填空中等难度题查看答案及解析

Frank Woolworth was born in Rodman, New York., in 1852. His family were very poor farmers, and there was never enough to eat. Frank decided he did not want to be farmer. He took a short business course, and went to work as a salesman in a large city.

Woolworth realized he had a natural skill for showing goods to attract people’s interest, but he soon learned something more important. One day his boss told him to sell some odds and ends (小商品) for as much as he could get. Frank put all these things on one table with a sign which said FIVE CENTS EACH. People fought and pushed to buy the things and the table was soon cleared.

Soon afterwards, Woolworth opened his own store, selling goods at five and ten cents. But he had another lesson to learn before he became successful. That is, if you want to make money by selling low-price goods, you have to buy them in large quantities directly form the factories. Once, for example, Woolworth went to Germany and placed an order for knives. The order was so large that the factory had to keep running 24 hours a day for a whole year. In this way, the price of the knives was cut down by half.

By 1919, Woolworth had over 1000 stores in the US and Canada, and opened his first store in London. He made many millions and his name became famous throughout the world. He always run his business according to strict rules, of which the most important was: “ THE CUSTOMER IS ALWAYS RIGHT.” （词数268）

1.Frank took a short business course in order to ____________.

A. earn more money for his family   B. learn something from a salesman

C. get away from the farm          D. get enough to eat.

2.Frank sold the odds and ends quickly because _____________.

A. he knew how to get people to buy his goods.

B. he cut down the price by half

C. he had put the goods on a table in a very nice way.

D. the sign he put on the table was well designed.

3.The price of the knives was cut down by half because ______________.

A. the factory workers worked 24 hours a day.

B. knives were ordered in large quantities directly from the factory.

C. the knives were made in Germany, where labor (劳动力) was cheap.

D. the knives were produced in one factory.

4._____________make Woolworth a world-famous man.

A. His business skills and his wealth.

B. The low price of the goods he sold.

C. His trip to Germany and his huge order of knives.

D. His natural skill for showing things.

5.The belief that : “ The customer is always right” suggests that _______________.

A. whenever there is a quarrel between the customer and shop assistant, the customers are always right.

B. If you want to succeed, the rule is the only way.

C. stores must always follow the customer’s orders if they want to make more money.

D. stores should do their best to meet the customer’s needs if they want to be successful.

高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析