Over the past decade, drug-resistant diseases have appeared as a major health threat. But where do they develop the drug resistance? One surprising theory: they may have developed the resistance on farms, and not in hospitals.
The crop protection products farmers use to control many plant diseases are almost the same as the drugs doctors use to treat infections, including fungi (真菌). Fungi are continually mutating (变异), and with a life cycle measured in days or weeks, they mutate quickly. When a mutation produces resistance to a chemical-killing fungi, fungi will jump to any host that provides a welcoming environment, such as a human body. And if the treatment for the fungal infection involves a drug similar to the fungicide encountered on the farm, Fungi may develop quickly in the human body-just as they did in the field.
An obvious solution is to use less fungicide in the field. Reducing fungicide use would not only slow the development of the drug resistance, it would help restore diversity to the fungal world. Fungicides are a must in the farming community. Plant diseases pose a major problem for farmers globally-in some crops, disease can reduce harvests by more than 70 percent-and failure to deal with the problem can mean financial ruin.
Just like Fungi-or, indeed, any living thing-plants continually evolve. This is how natural gene editing (基因编辑) works, and without it, we'd all still be single cells in a salty soup. Through natural selection, almost any plant will eventually produce resistance to Fungi. But this can take centuries, so we don't have the time to wait.
On the other hand, advances in genetics have given us an understanding of nature's gene editing process in plants, helping us develop resistance to a disease. Gene editing techniques can then enable us to produce disease resistance-just as nature would do, if given enough time.
1.What can we infer about Fungi from Paragraph 2?
A.They can treat infection sometimes.
B.They don't stop developing new forms.
C.A human body is their favorite place.
D.There are no Fungi in the fields now.
2.Which of the following can replace the underlined word ''pose'' in paragraph 3?
A.Solve. B.Face.
C.Cause. D.Overcome.
3.What makes a plant produce resistance to Fungi?
A.The survival of the fittest.
B.Advances in technology.
C.The use of farm chemicals.
D.A welcoming environment.
4.What can be the best title for the text?
A.Ways to Prevent Drug-resistant Diseases
B.The Source of the Drug Resistance
C.The Popularity of Gene Editing Techniques
D.The New Theory of Natural Selection
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题
Over the past decade, drug-resistant diseases have appeared as a major health threat. But where do they develop the drug resistance? One surprising theory: they may have developed the resistance on farms, and not in hospitals.
The crop protection products farmers use to control many plant diseases are almost the same as the drugs doctors use to treat infections, including fungi (真菌). Fungi are continually mutating (变异), and with a life cycle measured in days or weeks, they mutate quickly. When a mutation produces resistance to a chemical-killing fungi, fungi will jump to any host that provides a welcoming environment, such as a human body. And if the treatment for the fungal infection involves a drug similar to the fungicide encountered on the farm, Fungi may develop quickly in the human body-just as they did in the field.
An obvious solution is to use less fungicide in the field. Reducing fungicide use would not only slow the development of the drug resistance, it would help restore diversity to the fungal world. Fungicides are a must in the farming community. Plant diseases pose a major problem for farmers globally-in some crops, disease can reduce harvests by more than 70 percent-and failure to deal with the problem can mean financial ruin.
Just like Fungi-or, indeed, any living thing-plants continually evolve. This is how natural gene editing (基因编辑) works, and without it, we'd all still be single cells in a salty soup. Through natural selection, almost any plant will eventually produce resistance to Fungi. But this can take centuries, so we don't have the time to wait.
On the other hand, advances in genetics have given us an understanding of nature's gene editing process in plants, helping us develop resistance to a disease. Gene editing techniques can then enable us to produce disease resistance-just as nature would do, if given enough time.
1.What can we infer about Fungi from Paragraph 2?
A.They can treat infection sometimes.
B.They don't stop developing new forms.
C.A human body is their favorite place.
D.There are no Fungi in the fields now.
2.Which of the following can replace the underlined word ''pose'' in paragraph 3?
A.Solve. B.Face.
C.Cause. D.Overcome.
3.What makes a plant produce resistance to Fungi?
A.The survival of the fittest.
B.Advances in technology.
C.The use of farm chemicals.
D.A welcoming environment.
4.What can be the best title for the text?
A.Ways to Prevent Drug-resistant Diseases
B.The Source of the Drug Resistance
C.The Popularity of Gene Editing Techniques
D.The New Theory of Natural Selection
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
Most of the new diseases we humans have faced in the past several decades have come from animals. The more we come into contact with wild animals, the more we risk a so-called disease “spillover” from animals to humans.
“As people move and wildlife move in response to a changing environment, humans and wildlife and animals will come in contact more regularly,” said Jeanne Fair from the Los Alamos National Laboratory in New Mexico. Fair argues that by shifting animal habitats, climate change will also make the opportunities for disease spillover more frequent. “Everything is sort of shifting and will shift into the future as the environment changes through climate change,” Fair said.
Scientists, including climatologists and epidemiologists on Fair’s team at Los Alamos, are beginning to model how changes to the climate will impact the spread of infectious diseases. It’s early days for this kind of research, but previous studies suggest that extreme weather has already played a role in at least one outbreak. Scientists say drought and deforestation have combined to force bats out of rainforests and into orchards（果园）in Malaysia to find food. Those bats, a common disease reservoir, then passed the Nipah virus through pigs to humans for the first time in the late 1990s.
“We’re going by the past data to really predict what’s going to happen in the future,” Fair said, “And so, anytime you increase that wildlife-human interface, that’s sort of an emerging disease hot spot. And so, that’s just increasing as we go forward.”
Jeffrey Shaman, head of the climate and health program at Columbia University’s public health school, argues we don’t yet know whether climate change will cause a net increase in infectious disease rates globally. For example, mosquitoes carry disease that affects millions of people across the world every year. As their habitats expand in some parts of the world, they might contract diseases elsewhere. Shaman says what we know for certain about climate change is that it will make it harder to predict where disease outbreaks will pop up.
1.How does climate change affect the spread of disease according to Fair?
A.By breaking animals’ habits.
B.By increasing animals’ varieties.
C.By promoting animals’ breeding.
D.By changing animals’ living environment.
2.What is the example of bats for in paragraph 3?
A.Explaining the influence of Nipah virus.
B.Proving the harm of bats to human beings.
C.Showing the effects of climate change on disease.
D.Presenting scientists’ early study about the cause of disease.
3.What can we infer from Fair’s words in paragraph 4?
A.Humans should give up studying animals.
B.Past data can solve the problems in the future.
C.Disease hot spots will disappear if animals die out.
D.Frequent contact with animals can cause disease outbreaks.
4.What could be the best title for the text?
A.Climate Change and Disease Spillover
B.Animals’ Interaction with Humans
C.Scientists’ Prediction for Disease Outbreaks
D.Early Studies about Extreme Weather
高三英语阅读理解困难题查看答案及解析
A large number of excellent films ______ all over the world over the past decades.
A．have produced B．have been produced
C．were produced D．produced
高三英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析
Over the past few decades, more and more countries have opened up the markets, increasingly transforming the world economy into one free-flowing global market. The question is：Is economic globalization 50 for all?
According to the World Bank, one of its chief supporters, economic globalization has helped reduce 51 in a large number of developing countries. It quotes one study that shows increased wealth 52 to improved education and longer life in twenty-four developing countries as a result of integration (融合) of local economies into the world economy. Home to some three billion people, these twenty-four countries have seen incomes 53 at an average rate of five percent—compared to two percent in developed countries.
Those who 54 globalization claim that economies in developing countries will benefit from new opportunities for small and home-based businesses. 55, small farmers in Brazil who produce nuts that would originally have sold only in 56 open-air markets can now promote their goods worldwide by the Internet.
Critics take a different view, believing that economic globalization is actually 57 the gap between the rich and poor. A study carried out by the U.N.-sponsored World Commission on the Social Dimension of Globalization shows that only a few developing countries have actually 58 from integration into the world economy and that the poor, the uneducated, unskilled workers, and native peoples have been left behind. 59, they maintain that globalization may eventually threaten emerging businesses. For example, Indian craftsmen who currently seem to benefit from globalization because they are able to 60 their products may soon face fierce competition that could put them out of 61. When large-scale manufacturers start to produce the same goods, or when superstores like Wal-Mart move in, these small businesses will not be able to 62 and will be crowded out.
One thing is certain about globalization—there is no 63. Advances in technology combined with more open policies have already created an interconnected world. The 64 now is finding a way to create a kind of globalization that works for the benefit of all. (347 words)
1. A．possible B．smooth C．good D．easy
2. A．crime B．poverty C．conflict D．population
3. A．contributing B．responding C．turning D．owing
4. A．remain B．drop C．shift D．increase
5. A．doubt B．define C．advocate D．ignore
6. A．In addition B．For instance C．In other words D．All in all
7. A．mature B．new C．local D．foreign
8. A．finding B．exploring C．bridging D．widening
9. A．suffered B．profited C．learned D．withdrawn
10. A．Furthermore B．Therefore C．However D．Otherwise
11. A．consume B．deliver C．export D．advertise
12. A．trouble B．business C．power D．mind
13. A．keep up B．come in C．go around D．help out
14. A．taking off B．getting along C．holding out D．turning back
15. A．agreement B．prediction C．outcome D．challenge
高三英语完型填空中等难度题查看答案及解析
Over the past five decades mosquito populations in parts of the U.S. have skyrocketed by a factor of 10-a situation with worrying implications for the spread of diseases. And some places are apparently more easily affected than others. A new study in the Journal of Medical Entomology found that in Baltimore, low-income neighborhoods bear the biggest burden: they have not only more mosquitoes but also larger ones, which often survive longer. The problem most likely is rooted in the fact that Baltimore has nearly 17,000 abandoned buildings, which are concentrated in economically disadvantaged areas and serve as convenient mosquito-breeding zones.
Compared with prosperous blocks, low-income blocks have more abandoned buildings and are more heavily littered with thrown-away containers that collect standing water. And water that pools in abandoned buildings is protected by shade-which helps mosquitoes grow larger. Some cities take efforts to plant trees in low-income blocks but may actually worsen the problem: trees and bushes not only shade outdoor breeding(繁殖) pools but also shed leaves into the water and feed the mosquito larvae(幼虫), helping them grow bigger. Worse still, climate change could worsen the disease landscape by broadening habitats and lengthening the time every summer that mosquitoes can breed and survive.
Cities may, then, need to focus more mosquito-control efforts on these areas. Urban health departments typically educate homeowners about the importance of emptying water out of outdoor containers. But nobody empties those in or around abandoned buildings. “It is something that is fairly difficult for a city to address because it’s really expensive to go into private belongings and clean them up,” says Dina Fonseca, a molecular ecologist at Rutgers University. Yet if these belongings become breeding grounds not only for annoying mosquitoes but also for dangerous diseases, officials’ concepts may need to change.
1.What does the phrase “a factor of 10” in Paragraph 1 refer to?
A.A major cause. B.A high rate.
C.A big concern. D.A special situation.
2.Why is the spread of diseases relatively more serious in poor neighborhoods in Baltimore?
A.Because people there lack the awareness of waste sorting.
B.Because people there pay little attention to water protection.
C.Because more thrown-away containers are collected for reuse there.
D.Because more abandoned buildings serve as habitats for mosquitoes there.
3.Which of the following solutions is well-intentioned but may result in opposite effects?
A.Planting more trees. B.Changing officials’ ideas.
C.Emptying water containers. D.Cleaning abandoned buildings.
4.What is the author’s purpose in writing the text?
A.To complain about the poor housing. B.To offer some treatments for diseases.
C.To appeal for mosquito-control efforts. D.To introduce a new species of mosquitoes.
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
Things have changed quickly over the past decade and life in the country is much better than ___used to be．
A．that B．what
C．it D．one
高三英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析
Things have changed quickly over the past decade and life in the country is much better than ________used to be．
A．that B．it C．what D．one
高三英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析
The first study to examine generational differences in perfectionism over the past three decades reports that young people's desire to be flawless has sharply increased over the past thirty years. Today's college-age students are much more likely to have perfectionism than prior generations, according to the new report.
This study was recently published in the journal Psychological Bulletin. For this study, lead author Thomas Curran and co-author Andrew Hill, analyzed data from 41,641 college students in the United States, Canada, and the United Kingdom. They also used the Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale to measure generational changes in perfectionism from the late 1980s to 2016. During their analysis, Curran and Hill investigated three types of perfectionism:
l. Self-oriented perfectionism: having an irrational desire to be perfect on oneself.
2. Other-oriented perfectionism: Placing unrealistic standards of perfection on others.
3. Socially-perfectionism: Feeling excessive expectations of perfection from others.
The statistics are alarming: Between 1989 and 2016, self-oriented perfectionism scores increased by 10 percent, other-oriented perfectionism increased by 16 percent, and socially-perfectionism increased largely by 33 percent.
The rise in perfectionism among college students is driven by a variety of factors, according to Curran. The raw data suggests that the growing use of social media could be fueling the pressure young adults feel to perfect themselves in comparison to others. That said, Curran emphasizes that more research is needed to confirm the relation between an increase in social media usage and increased perfectionism.
Curran also assumes that college students' drive to perfect their grade point average represents a rise in meritocracy (精英教育) among the new generation.
“Today's young people are competing with each other in order to meet societal pressures to succeed and they feel that perfectionism is necessary in order to feel safe, socially connected and of worth.” Curran said.
Andrew Hill sees these findings as a strong call for colleges and policymakers to increase their efforts to control unnecessary competition among young people in order to preserve their mental health. Unfortunately, this may be easier said than done.
1.What does the underlined word “flawless” in the first paragraph probably mean?
A.without effort B.without competition
C.without weakness D.without strength
2.What can you infer from the passage?
A.All college students of this generation have serious perfectionism.
B.Self-oriented perfectionism increased the most according to the latest study.
C.The increase in perfectionism is completely driven by some obvious factors.
D.It is uncertain whether increased social media usage causes more perfectionism.
3.What's the writer's attitude toward the effect of the study on the change of the situation?
A.Concerned. B.Negative.
C.Positive. D.Critical.
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
Over the past decade, cheating—an act of academic dishonesty—has become more and more common.
The latest statistics shows more than two thirds of high school students admitted cheating on an exam last year, and—even more surprising—often the best students cheat to get to the top of their class—and they don’t think it is wrong. It’s not a big deal. Everybody is doing it.
It is a big deal! Cheating is basically wrong and must be punished.
If students easily get away with it, they might be encouraged to do it again. They won’t realize that this—in the broadest sense—is an attack on our society, which is based on values like honesty and fairness. The present spreading of cheating indicates a loss of those values and cannot be tolerated. An appropriate punishment for cheating incidents would make students aware of their misbehavior.
If no one were punished for cheating, who would ever study for an exam? Tons of papers would be lifted from websites, writing crib sheets would be more important than reviewing the subjects, and highly sophisticated cheating arts would be invented. Knowledge would only exist on the Internet and on cleverly created cheat sheets, but not in the minds of the students—a rather bad precondition to enrich our society wisely and intelligently.
Students have to learn that they have to learn. Only doing what’s right will bring them a feeling of pride and accomplishment and create self-confidence—the building blocks for a successful and satisfying life and a society that keeps its values.
1.What is more surprising is that ________.
A．cheating is very common in schools
B．over 2/3 of the students cheat last year
C．even the best students cheat on exams
D．teachers are not aware of the problems
2.How do they make the students realize their misbehavior?
A．By letting them getting away with it.
B．By telling them what is right.
C．By catching them on the spot.
D．By giving them some punishment.
3.How can students create self-confidence?
A．By knowing they have to learn.
B．By doing what is right.
C．By learning the right things.
D．By being punished when cheating.
4.What does the underlined word “lifted” mean?
A．taken B．removed C．copied D．written
高三英语阅读理解简单题查看答案及解析
Studies over the past decade at the University of Utah show that hands-free cellphones are just as harmful to drivers as hand-held ones because it is the conversation, not the phone, that is distracting(分散) their attention. “Even though your eyes are looking right at something, when you are on the cellphone, you are not as likely to see it,” says Professor David Strayer. “Ninety-nine percent of the time, it's not that critical(危急的), but that l% could be the time a child runs into the street,” he adds.
Dr. Strayer’s studies have also found that talking on a cellphone is far more distracting than talking with a passenger. Listening to the radio, to music or to a book on tape also isn’t as distracting, because it doesn’t require the same level of interaction as a conversation. But even drivers may miss some details of a book on tape if their attention is focused on driving tasks. Some people can train themselves to pay extra attention to things that are important—like police officers learn to search faces in crowds.
And the Utah researchers have found a rare group of “super-taskers”—about 2.5% of the population—who seem able to attend to more than one thing with ease.
Many more people think they can effectively do several things at the same time, but they are really turning their attention rapidly between two things and not getting the full effect of either. Clearly, it is easier to put some tasks together than others.” Not all distractions are the same,’’ says Dr. Strayer. Things like cleaning and working out can be done automatically while the mind is focused elsewhere. But doing homework and texting at the same time isn’t possible. Even talking and watching TV is difficult. “Just try talking with your wife while watching football. It’s impossible,” jokes Dr. Strayer.
1.What is the first paragraph mainly about?
A. The harm in using phones while driving.
B. The advantages of hand-held phones.
C. The danger of running in the street.
D. The causes of road accidents.
2.What does the example of police officers in Paragraph 2 show?
A. Searching for faces requires more attention than driving.
B. Talking to a crowd calls for a high level of attention.
C. One’s attention can be easily distracted in crowds.
D. The ability to attend to two tasks can be trained.
3.“Super-taskers” can be best described as people who can .
A. do several things effectively at the same time
B. turn their attention rapidly to two things
C. handle all difficult tasks with ease
D. pay full attention to one task
4.Which of the following can you do while talking on the phone?
A. Doing homework. B. Writing a letter.
C. Working out. D. Watching TV.
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析