From the course of human development, the ult...

From the course of human development, the ultimate aim of the human race is to pursue the spiritual joy based on ______ materials.

A. artificial　　　　　　　 B. primitive

C. relevant　　 　　 　　　 D. ample

高三英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析

The development of industry has been ____gradual process throughout _____ human existence, from stone tools to modern technology.

A. 不填; the　　　　　　　 B. the; a　　　　　　　　　　 C. a; 不填　　　　　　　　 D. a; a

高三英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析

．The development of industry has been________gradual process throughout________human existence，from stone tools to modern technology.　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　 (2012·浙江，2)

A．/；the                          B．the；a

C．a；/　                         D．a；a

高三英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析

Most of the new diseases we humans have faced in the past several decades have come from animals. The more we come into contact with wild animals, the more we risk a so-called disease “spillover” from animals to humans.

“As people move and wildlife move in response to a changing environment, humans and wildlife and animals will come in contact more regularly,” said Jeanne Fair from the Los Alamos National Laboratory in New Mexico. Fair argues that by shifting　 animal habitats, climate change will also make the opportunities for disease spillover more frequent. “Everything is sort of shifting and will shift into the future as the environment changes through climate change,” Fair said.

Scientists, including climatologists and epidemiologists on Fair’s team at Los Alamos, are beginning to model how changes to the climate will impact the spread of infectious diseases. It’s early days for this kind of research, but previous studies suggest that extreme weather has already played a role in at least one outbreak. Scientists say drought and deforestation have combined to force bats out of rainforests and into orchards（果园）in Malaysia to find food. Those bats, a common disease reservoir, then passed the Nipah virus through pigs to humans for the first time in the late 1990s.

“We’re going by the past data to really predict what’s going to happen in the future,” Fair said, “And so, anytime you increase that wildlife-human interface, that’s sort of an emerging disease hot spot. And so, that’s just increasing as we go forward.”

Jeffrey Shaman, head of the climate and health program at Columbia University’s public health school, argues we don’t yet know whether climate change will cause a net increase in infectious disease rates globally. For example, mosquitoes carry disease that affects millions of people across the world every year. As their habitats expand in some parts of the world, they might contract diseases elsewhere. Shaman says what we know for certain about climate change is that it will make it harder to predict where disease outbreaks will pop up.

1.How does climate change affect the spread of disease according to Fair?

A.By breaking animals’ habits.

B.By increasing animals’ varieties.

C.By promoting animals’ breeding.

D.By changing animals’ living environment.

2.What is the example of bats for in paragraph 3?

A.Explaining the influence of Nipah virus.

B.Proving the harm of bats to human beings.

C.Showing the effects of climate change on disease.

D.Presenting scientists’ early study about the cause of disease.

3.What can we infer from Fair’s words in paragraph 4?

A.Humans should give up studying animals.

B.Past data can solve the problems in the future.

C.Disease hot spots will disappear if animals die out.

D.Frequent contact with animals can cause disease outbreaks.

4.What could be the best title for the text?

A.Climate Change and Disease Spillover

B.Animals’ Interaction with Humans

C.Scientists’ Prediction for Disease Outbreaks

D.Early Studies about Extreme Weather

高三英语阅读理解困难题查看答案及解析

The 9th ASEM Summit, held in Laos in November 2012, was aimed at developing Asia-Europe cooperation to ________ world economic growth.

A．demonstrate       B．promote          C．dominate          D．proceed

高三英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析

(2013·高考浙江卷，C)The baby monkey is much more developed at birth than the human baby.Almost from the moment it is born，the baby monkey can move around and hold tightly to its mother.During the first few days of its life the baby will approach and hold onto almost any large，warm，and soft object in its environment，particularly if that object also gives it milk.After a week or so，however，the baby monkey begins to avoid newcomers and focuses its attentions on“mother”—the real mother or the mother­substitute(母亲替代物)．

During the first two weeks of its life warmth is perhaps the most important psychological(心理的)thing that a monkey mother has to give to its baby.The Harlows，a couple who are both psychologists，discovered this fact by offering baby monkeys a choice of two types of mother­substitutes—one covered with cloth and one made of bare wire.If the two artificial mothers were both the same temperature，the little monkeys always preferred the cloth mother.However，if the wire model was heated，while the cloth model was cool，for the first two weeks after birth the baby monkeys picked the warm wire mother­substitutes as their favorites.Thereafter they switched and spent most of their time on the more comfortable cloth mother.

Why is cloth preferable to bare wire？Something that the Harlows called contact(接触)comfort seems to be the answer，and a most powerful influence it is.Baby monkeys spend much of their time rubbing against their mothers’ skins，putting themselves in as close contact with the parent as they can.Whenever the young animal is frightened，disturbed，or annoyed，it typically rushes to its mother and rubs itself against her body.Wire doesn’t “rub” as well as does soft cloth.Prolonged(长时间的)“contact comfort” with a cloth mother appears to give the babies confidence and is much more rewarding to them than is either warmth or milk.

According to the Harlows，the basic quality of a baby’s love for its mother is trust.If the baby is put into an unfamiliar playroom without its mother，the baby ignores the toys no matter how interesting they might be.It screams in terror and curls up into a furry little ball.If its cloth mother is now introduced into the playroom，the baby rushes to it and holds onto it for dear life.After a few minutes of contact comfort，it obviously begins to feel more secure.It then climbs down from the mother­substitute and begins to explore the toys，but often rushes back for a deep embrace(拥抱)as if to make sure that its mother is still there and that all is well.Bit by bit its fears of the new environment are gone and it spends more and more time playing with the toys and less and less time holding onto its “mother”．

1.Psychologically，what does the baby monkey desire most during the first two weeks of its life?

A．Warmth.     B．Milk.

C．Contact.　     D．Trust.

2.After the first two weeks of their life，baby monkeys prefer the cloth mother to the wire mother because the former is________.

A．larger in size

B．closer to them

C．less frightening and less disturbing

D．more comfortable to rub against

3.What does the baby monkey probably gain from prolonged“contact comfort”？

A．Attention.　     B．Softness.

C．Confidence.     D．Interest.

4.It can be inferred that when the baby monkey feels secure，________.

A．it frequently rushes back for a deep embrace when exploring the toys

B．it spends more time screaming to get rewards

C．it is less attracted to the toys though they are interesting

D．it cares less about whether its mother is still around

5.The main purpose of the passage is to ________.

A．give the reasons for the experiment

B．present the findings of the experiment

C．introduce the method of the experiment

D．describe the process of the experiment

高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析

The baby monkey is much more developed at birth than the human baby. Almost from the moment it is born, the baby monkey can move around and hold tightly to its mother. During the first few days of its life the baby will approach and hold onto almost any large, warm, and soft object in its environment, particularly if that object also gives it milk. After a week or so, however, the baby monkey begins to avoid newcomers and focuses its attentions on “mother” ---- the real mother or the mother-substitute(母亲替代物）.

During the first two weeks of its warmth is perhaps the most important psychological（心理的） thing that a monkey mother has to give to its baby. The Harlows, a couple who are both psychologists, discovered this fact by offering baby monkeys a choice of two types of mother-substitutes ---- one covered with cloth and one made of bare wire. If the two artificial mothers were both the same temperature, the little monkeys always preferred the cloth mother. However, if the wire model was heated, while the cloth model was cool, for the first two weeks after birth the baby monkeys picked the warm wire mother-substitutes as their favorites. Thereafter they switched and spent most of their time on the more comfortable cloth mother

Why is cloth preferable to bare wire? Something that the Harlows called contact（接触的） comfort seems to be the answer, and a most powerful influence it is. Baby monkeys spend much of their time rubbing against their mothers’ skins, putting themselves in as close contact with the parent as they can. Whenever the young animal is frightened, disturbed, or annoyed, it typically rushes to its mother and rubs itself against her body. Wire doesn’t“rub”as well as does soft wire cloth. Prolonged（长时间的）“contact comfort” with a cloth mother appears to give the babies confidence and is much more rewarding to them than is either warmth or milk.

According to the Harlows, the basic quality of a baby’s love for its mother is trust. If the baby is put into an unfamiliar playroom without its mother, the baby ignores the toys no matter how interesting they might be. It screams in terror and curls up into a fury little ball. If its cloth mother is now introduced into the playroom, the bay rushes to it and holds onto it for dear life. After a few minutes of contact comfort, it obviously begins to feel more secure. It then climbs down from the mother-substitute and begins to explore the toys, but often rushes back for a deep embrace（拥抱）as if to make sure that its mother is still there and that all is well. Bit by bit its fears of the new environment are gone and it spends more and more time playing with the toys and less and less time holding on to its “mother.”

50. Psychologically, what does the baby monkey desire most during the first two weeks of its life?

A. Warmth     B. Milk     C. Contact         D. Trust

1.After the first two weeks of their life, baby moneys prefer the cloth mother to the wire mother because the former is __.

A．larger in size                           B．closer to them

C．less frightening and less disturbing          D．more comfortable to rub against

2.What does the baby monkey probably gain from prolonged “contact comfort”?

A．Attention         B．Softness           C．Confidence        D．Interest

3.It can be inferred that when the baby monkey feels secure,_____________.

A．it frequently rushes back for a deep embrace when exploring the toys

B．it spends more time screaming to get rewards

C．it is less attracted to the toys though they are interesting

D．it cares less about whether its mother is still around

4.The main purpose of the passage is to______________.

A．give the reasons of the experiment

B．present the findings of the experiment

C．introduce the method of the experiment

D．describe the process of the experiment

高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析

Human brains begin growing and developing at a very young age. They learn from the simplest experiences ,which enable your children to be aware of the world. There’s no denying that outdoor play helps a lot!

Times when children have to wait for their turns on playground equipment and following the playground rules by sharing, all these form components of healthy social-emotional development. Young children develop their social-emotional skills through practice and small steps over time.

As parents or caregivers, it is fairly simple to support your child’s social-emotional skills. Acts like holding him, touching him, and speaking to him and giving him loving care and attention are all helping factors. When you allow them freedom to play, it is important to follow their interests in helping build their social-emotional skills.

Difficulties in social-emotional skills can often lead to children having trouble when playing with other children. Becoming easily angry or not empathizing(理解)with other children are all signs that may point in this direction. This can in turn lead to them not empathizing with the needs of other children.

As for the development of cognitive(认知的)skills, these develop through practice and opportunity over time. And while some cognitive skills may be genetic, most are learned through real life situations. In other words, learning and thinking skills can be improved through experiences.

To enable them to learn, it is important that we are mindful of what our children are interested in. And this realization is only set in place once the child is given enough and time to grow and explore.

Depriving children of such experiences can mean that they might struggle with higher-level thinking skills. And while it is normal to keep them safe, we forget that by rushing them and cutting down on play time, we’re actually causing more harm than good.

1.What can playing with other children greatly help children do?

A. Learn from other children

B. Develop their social emotion

C. Promote their personal hobbies

D. Help them to control their emotion

2.What usually brings trouble to a child while playing with other children?

A. Not understanding others

B. Caring too much about others

C. Lacking social emotional skills

D. Being more selfish than selfless

3.What does the underlined word “depriving” in the last paragraph mean?

A. Taking away　　 B. Providing for

C. Referring to　　 D. Focusing on

4.What is the main purpose of the text?

A. To call on us to promotes children’s interest

B. To show us the importance of social emotions

C. To tell us how to improve children’s social emotions

D. To persuade parents to allow their children to play outdoors

高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析

This course is based on a project, one of________ aims is to improve the students’　 comprehensive ability in English.

A. whose　 B. which　 C. its　　 D. what

高三英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析

Piaget’s　 theory　 of　 cognitive(认知的) development　 is　 a　 theory　 about　 the　 nature　 and development of human intelligence. It was first created by the Swiss developmental psychologist Jean Piaget (1896-1980). The theory deals with the nature of knowledge itself and how humans gradually　 come　 to　 acquire,　 construct,　 and　 use　 it . Piaget’s　 theory　 is　 mainly　 known　 as　 a developmental stage theory.

To　 Piaget,　 cognitive　 development　 was　 a　 progressive　 reorganization　 of　 mental　 processes resulting from biological maturation and environmental experience. He believed that children construct an understanding of the world around them, experience differences between what they already　 know　 and　 what　 they　 discover　 in　 their　 environment,　 and　 then　 adjust　 their　 ideas accordingly. Besides, Piaget claimed that cognitive development is at the center of the human organism, and language is depending on knowledge and understanding acquired through cognitive development.

Piaget’s earlier work received the greatest attention. Child-centered classrooms and "open education" are direct applications of Piaget’s views. Despite its huge success, Piaget’s theory is not perfect and Piaget has recognized it himself: for example, the theory supports sharp stages rather than continuous development.

Piaget noted that reality is a dynamic system of continuous change. Reality is defined (给……下定义) in reference to the two conditions that define dynamic systems. Specifically, he argued that reality involves transformations and states. Transformations refer to all manner of changes that a thing or person can experience. States refer to the conditions or the appearances in which things or persons can be found between transformations. For example, there might be changes in shape or form , in size, or in placement or location in space and time. Thus, Piaget argued, if human intelligence is to be adaptive, it must have functions to represent both the transformational and the static aspects of reality.

1.What does the underlined "it" in the first paragraph refer to?

A. The theory.

B. Cognitive development.

C. The knowledge itself.

D. The development of human intelligence.

2.Piaget’s theory of cognitive development　 　　　　　　　　　　　 .

A. has some limitations

B. applied "open education"

C. wasn’t well received in the beginning

D. is about human nature and development

3.What are the two conditions of reality?

A. Space and time.

B. Transformations and states.

C. Changes in shape and form.

D. The conditions and the appearances.

4.Which can serve as the best title for this text?

A. Piaget’s contribution to a theory

B. The applications of Piaget’s theory

C. The development of Piaget’s theory

D. Piaget’s theory of cognitive development

高三英语阅读理解困难题查看答案及解析