The world’s first beer brewed (酿造) with the h...

The world’s first beer brewed (酿造) with the help of artificial intelligence (AI) is now on sale. Four beers have been created, with each recipe changed based on customer feedback (反馈) received by a program.

The system is hidden behind a Facebook Messenger robot, which takes feedback from customers and sends it onto human brewers who change recipes accordingly. Intelligent X, the company behind the beers, said the use of AI would help brewers receive and test customer feedback “more quickly than ever before”.

Codes printed on the bottles direct people towards the robot, which then asks a series of questions. This information is then interpreted by the program, which learns from customer feedback to ask better questions in the future.

The robot asks questions based on customer preference and flavour and answers are normally marks out of ten, yes or no and multiple choice. The AI uses a system known as reinforcement learning to learn from how it has acted and get better outcomes in the future. In this sense the AI is “rewarded” based on hard-coded biases that instruct it to please customers— those who like hoppier beers or stouts, for example.

This feedback is then accumulated to notice trends and inform the brewing process, with beers slowly changing over time.

“The AI is about putting all the customers in the same room as the brewer,” said Intelligent X co-founder Hew Leith. It would be extremely difficult and time-consuming for a human to collect this much data, Leith continued, but the AI can gather and interpret it with ease. The team behind the AI hope it could one day help them win a major beer brewing competition.

Intelligent X’s four beers have evolved eleven times so far based on initial feedback collected during trials over the last 12 months. The beers are currently being toured around in East London and are also being stocked by co-working space We Work. The four Al-brewed beers-golden, amber, pale and black—are available now from Ubrew for £ 4.50 each.

1.What can we know about the beer?

A. It is made by the customers themselves.

B. It is the first kind of beer in the world.

C. It can be changed with the feedback.

D. It can be bought from the website Facebook.

2.Who can change the beer’s recipes?

A. The human brewers.　　 B. The customers.　　 C. The system.　　 D. The Facebook.

3.What do we learn from the feedback?

A. It changes the recipes of the beer directly.

B. Customers can make it via the Internet.

C. Everyone can get any kind of beer according to it.

D. It is only based on customer preference.

4.What do Hew Leith’s words tell us?

A. The AI is ready to call on all the customers to get together.

B. It was once hard for us to get the feedback from the customers.

C. The AI can consume more time to collect the necessary data.

D. The team has already won many competitions about beer.

高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析

Governments around the world increasingly ________ artificial intelligence to help promote economic growth.

A. put out　　 B. roll out　　 C. make out　　 D. reach out

高三英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析

1During the First World War, some Americans indirectly benefited because of the war. With two million white men fighting in Europe and no new immigrants entering the country, many jobs in the United States became available to blacks and women for the first time.

2Both groups proved their ability to do any kind of job. Women became railway conductors, brick layers, and factory workers. Their presence in traditionally male workplace produced many problems. Men were annoyed by women’s higher productivity and willingness to work for lower pay. Working mothers were often criticized for leaving their families. But many women welcomed the responsibilities. “It was not until our men were called overseas,” said one woman bank executive, “that we make any real onslaught on the realm of finance, and became tellers, managers of departments, and junior and senior officers.”

3Women who did not take jobs helped in the war effort in other ways. They made uniforms, rolled bandages, and campaigned for the sale of Liberty Bonds to help finance the war.

4American manufacturers offered jobs to large numbers of black Americans for the first time as a result of the war. Most factories were located in the North. To take advantage of these new job opportunities, many black families moved from their homes in the South to the Northern cities such as Pittsburgh, Cleveland, Buffalo, Chicago, and Detroit.

5White Americans were of two minds about the role of black Americans in the war effort. On the one hand, black workers’ ability to learn new jobs quickly and do them well strengthened the home front, and the black men’s fighting ability helped the Allies win the war. However, many whites did not want to acknowledge that blacks were capable, effective workers. White soldiers returning from the war had no desire to compete for jobs with blacks on equal terms. At the same time, many blacks were not willing to a lesser role once the war had ended.

1.Why could American women and backs find jobs during World War I?

A. They were taken to serve the war.                B. They had their equal right at that time.

C. Workforce was in great need.               D. They had better productivities.

2.Which of the following is Untrue according to the above passage?

A. Blacks women were not allowed to fight in World War I.

B. All American women went to work during World War I.

C. Northern cities applied more blacks during World War I.

D. Women and blacks earned a lot during World War I.

3.Which of the following is the main idea of the whole passage?

A. Americans benefited a lot from World Ward I.

B. World War I had strong effect on America.

C. Some Americans benefited from World War I indirectly.

D. U.S.A. women and blacks contributed much in World War I.

4.Which of the following shows the right structures of the above passage?

A. 1→23→45             B. 1→2→3→4→5

C. 1→23→4→5                     D. 123→4→5

高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析

The defeat of Lee Sedol, the world’s strongest Go (围棋) player, by a Google artificial intelligence (AI) program, looks like another milestone towards a world where computers can do almost anything a human can. It is not. There are uncountable things that only a human can do, and that no computer seems close to. The problem is that the purely human things are not economically useful to anyone. The things that computers can be taught to do are by contrast economically fantastic. But even the most powerful programs are not human, just as a shovel (铲车). They have no feelings. What they have is power, but this power is growing at a rate that should frighten us all.

It might be less frightening if computers were truly intelligent, but even the most powerful networks are less human than monstrous Martians (火星人). Their power will be used to make money for the firms that finance their development, and then for others quick and clever enough to take advantage of the new world. It is far more likely that they will increase inequality and still further remove the middle classes as we move towards an hourglass (以金钱来衡量的) society in which everyone is either very rich or very poor and likely indebted.

One of the ill effects of the spread of more intelligent computer networks is, at the same time, the spread of what might be called artificial stupidity. If AI is employed largely to replace unskilled labour, it is most productive when labour is kept unskilled or redefined that way. So much of the work in service industries is now simplified until it might be automated (自动化). And robots will never need pensions. AI is slowly reducing skilled work, like some forms of medical diagnosis (诊断), at the same time, as older doctors complain that the traditional human skills of diagnosis are falling out of medical training. The belief that everything worthwhile can be measured and then managed is far more damaging to humanity than the threat of artificial intelligence on its own.

But no victory in complicated Go games can bring us closer to truly human-like computers.

1.By mentioning the defeat of Lee Sedol, the author intends to tell us that ______.

A. computers can completely replace humans in everything

B. humans are of no practical economic values to the society

C. the power of computers is growing at a frightening rate

D. AI programs can not compare with humans economically

2. We can learn from Paragraph 2 that the power of computers will ______.

A. improve the quality of human life

B. promote equality at work places

C. make contributions to human development

D. widen the gap between the rich and the poor

3.What does “artificial stupidity” in Paragragh 3 mean?

A. Unskilled workers become stupid.

B. AI discourages skilled work.

C. Computers don’t need pensions.

D. AI is ruining medical training.

4. What is the author’s attitude towards the future of artificial intelligence?

A. Optimistic.　 B. Supportive.　　 C. Sceptical.　　 D. Cautious.

高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析

An increasing part of the world is becoming artificially lit. Artificial light is often seen as a sign of progress: the march of civilization shines a light in the dark; it takes back the night. But some scientists argue that unnaturally bright nights are bad not just for astronomers but also for nocturnal (夜间的) animals and even for human health.

Now research shows the night is getting even brighter. From 2012 to 2016 the earth’s artificially lit area expanded by about 2.2 percent a year, according to a study published last November in Science Advances. However, the measurement does not include light from most of the energy–efficient LED lamps that have been replacing sodium-vapor (钠气灯) technology in cities all over the world ,says Christopher Kyba, a postdoctoral researcher at the German Research Center for Geosciences in Potsdam.

The new data came from a NASA satellite instrument called the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIRS). It can measure long wavelengths of light, such as those produced by traditional yellow-and-orange sodium-vapor street lamps. But VIIRS cannot see the short-wavelength blue light produced by white LEDs. This light has been shown to disturb human sleep cycles and nocturnal animals’ behavior.

The team believes the ongoing switch to LEDs caused already bright countries such as Italy, the Netherlands, Spain and the U.S. to register as having stable levels of lighting in the VIIRS data. In contrast, most nations in South America, Africa and Asia brightened, suggesting increases in the use of traditional lighting.

In 2016, a study showed that one third of the world’s population currently lives under skies too bright to see the Milky Way at night. Between 2012 and 2016 the median nation pumped out 15 percent more long-wavelength light as its GDP increased by 13 percent. Overall, counties' total light production correlated with their GDP.

1.Which of the following can best describe artificial light?

A.Convenient but unnatural. B.Useful but energy-consuming.

C.Progressive but uncomfortable. D.Civilized but harmful.

2.What can we know about the already bright countries?

A.Traditional lighting is not used in those countries.

B.LED lights are increasingly used in those countries.

C.Efforts to reduce harmful light work in those countries.

D.People do enjoy stable lighting in those countries.

3.Why does the author mention “the median nation” in the last paragraph?

A.To show artificial light has an association with GDP.

B.To demonstrate GDP plays an important part in the median nation.

C.To stress the median nation was to blame for the light problem.

D.To suggest artificial light should be banned in the future.

4.Where is the passage most probably taken from?

A.A biology textbook. B.A book review.

C.A science magazine. D.A science fiction.

高三英语阅读理解困难题查看答案及解析

. Nokia, the world's largest mobile phone maker, said that over the first nine months of the year it _____ 23 million handsets in China, an increase of 77 percent _____ the same period a year ago.

A. sold; comparing with           B. has sold; compared to

C. had sold; compared to             D. was selling; compared with

高三英语单项填空简单题查看答案及解析

________ as the “first lady of speech”，Dr, Lillian Glass is recognized as one of the world's leading experts on communication skills.

A．Knowing　 B．Having known

C．Known　 D．To be known

高三英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析

Dutch officials toasted on Tuesday the opening of what is being called the world’s first 3D-printed concrete bridge, which is meant to be used by cyclists. There was applause as officials wearing hard hats and workmen’s jackets rode over the bridge on their bikes at the opening ceremony in the southeastern town of Gemert.

“The bridge is not very big, but it was rolled out by a printer which makes it unique,” Theo Salet, from the Eindhoven University of Technology, told Dutch broadcaster NOS. Work on printing the bridge, which has some 800 layers, took about three months after starting in June and it is made of pre-stressed concrete, according to the university. “One of the advantages of printing a bridge is that much less concrete is needed than in the conventional technique in which a mould (泥浆) is filled,” it said on its website, adding “a printer deposits the concrete only where it is needed.”

The eight-metre (26-foot) bridge crosses a water-filled channel to connect two roads, and it was tested for safety to bear loads of up to two metric tons in cooperation with the BAM Infra Construction company. Although designed for bikes, it could take up to 40 trucks, the designers said “We are looking to the future,” said the head of BAM, Marinus Schimmel. “3D printing meant fewer rare resources were needed and there was significantly less waste,” he added.

The Netherlands is among countries, with the United States and China, taking a lead in the cutting-edge technology of 3D printing, using computers and robotics to construct objects and structures from scratch without using much traditional manpower. Last year a Dutch architect unveiled (提示) a unique 3D printer with which he hopes to construct an “endless loop” building. And a Dutch start-up called MX3D has begun printing a stainless-steel bridge, of which a third is already completed. The aim is to finish printing by March and lay the bridge over an Amsterdam canal in the future.

1.According to the text what makes the bridge unique?

A. It adopts 3D printing

B. It opens only to cyclists.

C. It is made of new material.

D. It uses much less concrete.

2.According to Marinus Schimmel. the bridge ________.

A. fails to bear heavy loads more safely

B. needs no concrete and mould

C. is designed for bikes and trucks

D. is cost-efficient and eco-friendly

3.According to the last paragraph, which of the following statement is true?

A. The 3D-printed bridges are all designed for bikes.

B. 3D-printed construction saves much human labor.

C. United States and China develop slowly in 3D printing.

D. The stainless-steel bridge by MX3D has been put into use.

4.What is the best title for the text?

A. The Value of the 3D Printing Technology

B. The Netherlands Leads the Way in 3D Printing

C. World’s First 3D-printed Bridge Opens to Cyclists

D. 3D Printing is Widely Used in Building Bridges

高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析

Dutch officials toasted on Tuesday the opening of what is being called the world’s first 3D-printed concrete bridge, which is meant to be used by cyclists. There was applause as officials wearing hard hats and workmen’s jackets rode over the bridge on their bikes at the opening ceremony in the southeastern town of Gemert.

“The bridge is not very big, but it was rolled out by a printer which makes it unique,” Theo Salet, from the Eindhoven University of Technology, told Dutch broadcaster NOS. Work on printing the bridge, which has some 800 layers, took about three months after starting in June and it is made of pre-stressed concrete, according to the university. “One of the advantages of printing a bridge is that much less concrete is needed than in the conventional technique in which a mould (泥浆) is filled,” it said on its website, adding “a printer deposits the concrete only where it is needed.”

The eight-metre (26-foot) bridge crosses a water-filled channel to connect two roads, and it was tested for safety to bear loads of up to two metric tons in cooperation with the BAM Infra Construction Company. “Although designed for bikes, it could take up to 40 trucks,”the designers said. “We are looking to the future,” said the head of BAM, Marinus Schimmel. “3D printing meant fewer rare resources were needed and there was significantly less waste,” he added.

The Netherlands is among countries, with the United States and China, taking a lead in this cutting-edge technology, using computers and robotics to construct objects and structures from scratch without using much traditional manpower. Last year a Dutch architect unveiled (提示) a unique 3D printer with which he hopes to construct an “endless loop” building. And a Dutch start-up called MX3D has begun printing a stainless-steel bridge, of which a third is already completed. The aim is to finish printing by March and lay the bridge over an Amsterdam canal in the future.

1.According to the text, what makes the bridge unique?

A.It adopts 3D printing.

B.It opens only to cyclists.

C.It is made of new material.

D.It uses much less concrete.

2.Which does Marinus Schimmel agree ?

A.In theory, it can support up to 40 bicycles.

B.The kind of bridge is energy-saving.

C.The kind of bridge is safer than traditional ones.

D.The technology has been used widely.

3.Which statement is true based on the last paragraph?

A.The project of an “endless loop” building has begun.

B.A stainless-steel bridge has been half constructed.

C.China is a country with advanced 3D printing.

D.3D printing technology needs no manpower.

4.Where can you read this passage?

A.News report. B.Engineering paper.

C.History textbook. D.Advertisement.

高三英语阅读理解简单题查看答案及解析

MONTAGNE: In the summer of 2011, the world first heard of a small island in Norway under the most terrible of circumstances. Utoya Island was a youth camp run by Norway's Labor Party. One day in July, a heavily armed, right-wing extremist stepped onto the island and began shooting at random. Sixty-nine people died, over 100 were wounded; almost all, young people. This month, artist Jonas Dahlberg was appointed to create a memorial. He described to us the experience he imagines for those who come to the island.

DAHLBERG: You start your walk through a forest of evergreens on a wooden pathway. After a while, this pathway starts to go down into the landscape.

MONTAGNE: Down into the landscape, and into a short tunnel. When you come out, you are unable to go any farther. You can't get to the tip of the island because it has been cut off. So all you can do is look across a narrow channel of water at what is now a wall of polished stone, carved with the names of the dead.

DAHLBERG: It becomes almost like a gravestone. You cannot reach it. It's close enough to be able to read, but it's forever lost for your possibility to reach.

MONTAGNE: It's being called a memory wound. Exactly what do you mean by that?

DAHLBERG: During my first site visit, the experience of seeing those gunshots—and you can see it was like being in an open wound. And it took me to a stage of deep sadness where it was hard to breathe. So I didn't want to illustrate loss; I wanted to make actual loss. It's just a cut through the island.

MONTAGNE: On the day of the massacre, just hours before launching his shooting on the island, the killer set off a bomb in downtown Oslo, leaving eight people dead. As those events were unfolding, artist Jonas Dahlberg had been out with his brother, and stopped in at a seaside village.

DAHLBERG: In the harbor, it was silent, and this is the higher end of summer. So, it's normally a very lively place. And it was total silence there; and it was a very, very strange feeling in the whole small village. And it's totally impossible to grasp what is going on. And then it just kept on. It's still almost impossible to understand it. It's also one of the reasons why it's so important with memorials for these kind of things. It's to maybe help a little bit to understand what was happening. So it's not just about remembering. It's also about trying to just understand.

MONTAGNE: Artist Jonas Dahlberg designed the memorial for the 69 who died at a youth camp on Utoya Island. The attack was the deadliest in Norway since World War II. That memorial will open in 2015. And to see a virtual version of what it will look like, go to our website, at npr.org. This is Renee Montagne at NPR news.

1.Which of the following statements is TRUE?

A. Utoya Island was the only bloody shooting spot planned by the killer.

B. Utoya Island used to be a youth camp site and now has been reduced to total silence.

C. Dahlberg and his brother witnessed the shooting on Utoya Island.

D. Visitors to Utoya Island can touch the names of the victims carved on the polished stone.

2.By the underlined phrase “a memory wound”, Dahlberg means all the following EXCEPT that ________.

A. the artist plans to slice through the end of an island to make actual loss

B. memorials are supposed to be not only about remembering but helping people to understand what was happening

C. this memorial shows the gunshots vividly to the visitors for them to understand what was happening

D. the space between is meant to symbolize how those who were killed are gone but are not forgotten

3. Which of the following pictures shows the design of the memorial?

A.　     B.

C.         D.

高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析