In 1948, three American scientists invented _...

In 1948, three American scientists invented ____ transistor, which is ____ small electronic device to control an electric current.

A．the; a            B．a; a              C．the; the           D．a; the

高三英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析

The 2014 Nobel Prize in physics went to three scientists who gave lighting a big change by inventing blue LED lights. A big change in lighting efficiency is under way around the world.

Save and green

LEDs use less energy than other forms of lighting. A typical LED bulb(灯泡) can produce around 83 lumens per watt — a measure of how much brightness you can get from a unit of electrical power — much more efficient than other lighting facilities.

LEDs produce light by passing electric current through a semiconductor, while traditional bulbs pass current through a wire. The wasted heat energy is chiefly why traditional bulbs are so much less efficient.

LEDs also last about 30 times longer than traditional bulbs, and many LED bulb products promise up to 25,000 hours of use — more than 17 years if you used one for about four hours a day.

Lighting the world

The lighting application is not only in homes. LEDs are also being used for street lights, public holiday and decorative displays, commercial buildings, and other large energy users.

Car lighting is another application where LEDs are making progress. LEDs used to be used only for daytime running lights, but now many new cars have LED headlights for night-time use.

LEDs also hold promise for bringing light to the more than 1.5 billion people around the world without access to electricity, the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences noted. Indeed, several proposed solutions to energy poverty include the distribution of LED lights, particularly solar-powered ones.

Digital displays

Without blue LEDs, the world wouldn’t have back-lit smart phones, TV and computer LCD screens, blu-ray(蓝光) players, many forms of lighting, and countless other products.

In the electronics industry, LEDs provide back lighting for the liquid crystal displays (LCDs) in many smart phones, laptops, and televisions. The LEDs are more energy efficient and allow for very thin displays.

Blu-ray players use blue LED lasers(激光) to read data off a digital optical disc. When these systems switched from using an infrared(红外线) laser to a blue LED laser, it became possible to store five to 10 times as much data.

LEDs are now being explored for their potential to transmit(传送) data from the Internet across open space, similar to WiFi. Such a system could transmit a lot more data than WiFi alone. This high bandwidth is possible because LEDs can turn on and off millions of times per second.

The rise of LED lighting came at a time when people were just starting to be concerned about global warming. Because of LEDs’ energy efficiency, using them for the world’s lighting would have “an extreme impact” on society.

I1.___________ for Blue LED Lights to win the 2014 Nobel Prize in physics

●They2._______ big changes in lighting.

II3.________ of LEDs

●Save and green

1. Compared with other forms of lighting, LEDs are much more efficient because of the different4._________ they pass electric current

2. LED bulbs can be used 30 times longer than traditional bulbs.

●Lighting the world

1. Besides5._ ___________ of LED bulbs they can also be used as street lights and car headlights.

2. Because of their high efficiency, LEDs, especially solar-powered ones, promising to light areas6.____________ electricity.

●Digital displays

1. Many smart phones, laptops and televisions use LEDs to back-light their LCD7._________.

2. By using blue LED lasers, blu-ray players are likely to8.___________.

3. People are now exploring more9._________ uses of LEDs such as transmitting data.

III Conclusion

LED lighting will10._________ on environmental protection.

高三英语填空题中等难度题查看答案及解析

Leonardo da Vinci was an artist, scientist, and 1.　 (invent) during the Renaissance in Italy. The word “ renaissance” 2.　 (come) from Latin and means “to be born again”. The renaissance was a time 3.Europe started to develop its arts and sciences again. It 4. (last) from about the 1300s to the 1600s. 5. (bear) in 1452, da Vinci was one of　 the most famous men of this time. He is considered by many to be one of6.( talent) and intelligent people of all time. Have you heard of the term “renaissance man”? It means someone7.does many things very well. Originally, it8.(use) to describe Leonardo da Vinci’s many talents. Da Vinci is 9. (probable) most well known as a painter. Two of his paintings, and perhaps two of the most famous in the world, are the Mona Lisa and The Last Supper. The Mona Lisa is a picture of a woman10.a meaningful smile. The Last Supper is about the famous Christian story.

高三英语完形填空中等难度题查看答案及解析

In an effort to discourage people from using plastics，scientists have been hard at work inventing alternative packaging products．From water bottles made from seaweed to cutlery(餐具) made from rice and wheat，a number of inventions are set to change the way we eat while we are on the go，or having a relaxing picnic in the park．

The idea of using seaweed to make eco-friendly(环保的) water bottles has been around for a few years．Recently，Ari Jonsson took his invention—a water bottle made from red seaweed—to show off at a festival. The bottles will only hold their shape as long as they are filled．As soon as these bottles are empty they will begin to break down，though they would be perfectly safe to eat．Ari Jonsson’s bottles are a step closer to a widely used alternative to the current plastic ones．

The eatable water container is not the only product to add to our image of the future．Narayana Pessapaty has also created eatable spoons．After the success of his spoons, Mr Pessapaty is ready to expand and introduce forks and chopsticks to his menu．His aim is to largely reduce the amount of plastic waste，which is a huge problem for waste sites all over the world．It is a product that may take up to 500 years to break down，and recycling companies worldwide are struggling to deal with it．

Aside from the obvious benefits to the environment，this new packaging is also cheap to produce and therefore cheap to buy．Even better is the fact that similar eatable cutlery can be made at home，possibly a science project for children or just fun with friends．Why not get experimenting and create your own recipes?

1.Why do scientists invent alternative packaging products?

A. To make people’s life more convenient．

B. To reduce the amount of plastic waste．

C. To charge the way we picnic outside．

D. To show off their inventive talents．

2.What makes Ari Jonsson’s water bottles eco-friendly?

A. They can be made at home．

B. They are cheap to produce and buy．

C. They will hold their shape when they are filled．

D. They will break down themselves when empty．

3.What do Ari and Narayana’s inventions have in common?

A. They are convenient to carry．　　 B. They are safe to eat．

C. They can be used for a short time．　　 D. They are heavier than plastics．

4.What can be inferred from this passage?

A. Home-made eatable cutlery is likely to be popular．

B. Eatable cutlery’will completely replace plastics in the near future．

C. No recycling companies can breakdown plastic waste．

D. It’s unsafe for individuals to invent eatable cutlery at home．

高三英语阅读理解困难题查看答案及解析

The term “the imaginary audience” was invented by American child psychologist David Elkind in 1967. It is defined as a psychological state in an adolescent, _______ by the belief that people around are eagerly watching or listening to him or her. This is because _______ are aware of the physical changes _______ in their bodies. And they are _______ concerned with how everyone is _______ these changes.

The _______ of the imaginary audience are common. Teens would repeatedly change their clothes to look _______ to others. Or they would follow different ongoing _______ that may help them fit into society. If wearing checkered shirts and jeans is the current fashion, teens would_______ like that just to give a good ____________ on their imaginary audiences. Teens also worry about the ____________ mistakes they make in social settings. A blackhead could make an adolescent girl ____________ all day as she feels that she is being watched and ____________. ____________, in reality, there are only a small percentage of people who are actually interested in how somebody else ____________.

Though “the imaginary audience” is considered to be a ____________, it is a natural process in which an adolescent tries to develop a better understanding of his or her ____________ with the world. As an individual's perception (理解) of the world ____________, he or she will gain more ____________ viewpoints on his or her roles among people, rather than imaginary ones. Thus, the effects of imaginary audiences will gradually ____________.

1.A.misled B.held C.driven D.represented

2.A.adults B.teenagers C.elders D.professors

3.A.occurring B.fighting C.hiding D.meeting

4.A.suddenly B.gradually C.strongly D.randomly

5.A.viewing B.facing C.accepting D.making

6.A.causes B.requirements C.examples D.results

7.A.elegant B.plain C.sweet D.smart

8.A.events B.trends C.tips D.principles

9.A.dress B.behave C.talk D.live

10.A.comment B.assessment C.impression D.instruction

11.A.strangest B.biggest C.fastest D.slightest

12.A.wonder B.relax C.sweat D.laugh

13.A.judged B.refused C.attracted D.reported

14.A.Therefore B.However C.Moreover D.Instead

15.A.sounds B.feels C.smells D.looks

16.A.disorder B.relief C.pity D.blessing

17.A.competition B.association C.comparison D.satisfaction

18.A.reduces B.shows C.works D.matures

19.A.narrow B.permanent C.realistic D.personal

20.A.run out B.fade away C.set in D.come back

高三英语完形填空中等难度题查看答案及解析

Scientists have always been interested in the high level of organization in ant societies. American researchers have watched ants build life-saving rafts(筏子) to keep afloat during floods. They also have documented how ant colonies choose their next queen — the female whose job is to produce eggs rather than seek food for others.

New technology is helping to improve researchers’ understanding of the insects. But there is still a lot to be learned. Fire ants living in Brazilian forests are perfectly at home in an environment where flooding is common. To save themselves, the insects connect their legs together and create floating rafts. Some ant rafts can be up to 20 centimeters wide.

David Hu, who is a mechanical engineer with the Georgia Institute of Technology, also known as Georgia Tech, says, “If you have 100 ants, which means 600 legs, 99 percent of those legs will be connected to a neighbor. So they’re very, very good at maintaining this network.”

David Hu and other Georgia Tech researchers want to study ants and the secret of their engineering. They freeze ant rafts and then look at them with the help of computed technology, or CT, images. The pictures show that larger ants serve in central positions to which smaller ants hold. The larger ants form pockets of air that keep the insects afloat.

Scientists say small robots or materials that can change shape could be programmed in a similar way, working towards a shared goal.

Researchers at North Carolina State University are also studying ants. They examined how Indian jumping ants choose the leader of the colony when they lose their top female or queen.

1.The duty of the queen ants is to_____.

A. seek food　　 B. keep organized

C. lay eggs　　 D. keep guard

2.The author takes fire ants as an example to tell us _____.

A. how ants seek food perfectly　　 B. How ants save themselves from floods

C. how ants communicate　　 D. How ants connect their legs together

3.Which of the following is true according to the passage?

A. Ants know the way to form a harmonious society.

B. The Georgia Tech researchers first discovered Indian jumping ants.

C. All the worker ants in the colony are physically larger.

D. Small and shaped-changeable things might work just like ants do.

高三英语阅读理解简单题查看答案及解析

Recently some American scientists have a useful piece of advice to people in industrialized nations. They say people should eat more of the same kind of food eaten by humans living more than 10, 000 years ago.1.

The scientists say that the human life has changed greatly. Our bodies have not been able to deal with these changes in lifestyle and this has led to new kinds of sicknesses. These new sicknesses were not known in ancient times.So they are called “diseases of civilization”. 2.

Scientists noted that people in both the Old Stone Age and the New Stone Age enjoyed very little alcohol or tobacco, probably none.3. However, a change in food is one of the main differences between life in ancient times and that of today.

Stone Age people hunted wild animals for their meat, which had much less fat than domestic ones. They ate a lot of fresh wild vegetables and fruits. They did not have milk or any other dairy products, and they made very little use of grains.4.We eat six times more salt than our ancestors. We eat more sugar. We eat twice as much fat but only one third as much protein and much less vitamin C.

5. But scientists say that we would be much healthier if we eat much the same way the ancient people did, cutting the amount of fatty, salty and sweet food.

A. People today probably don’t want to live like our ancestors.

B. Ancient people also got lots of physical exercise.

C. Stone Age people lived a simple life.

D. Many cancers and diseases of the blood system are examples of such diseases.

E. Modern people used to suffer from “diseases of civilization.”

F. But today, we enjoy eating a lot of these.

G. In that case, they would live much healthier.

高三英语短文填空中等难度题查看答案及解析

Recently some American scientists have given a useful piece of advice to people in industrialized nations．They say people should eat more of the same kind of food eaten by humans living more than 10,000 years ago．1.________

The scientists say that the human life has changed greatly．Our bodies have not been able to deal with these changes in lifestyle and this had led to new kinds of sicknesses．2._________　　 So they are called "diseases of civilization"．Many cancers and diseases of the blood system are examples of such diseases.

Scientists noted that people in both the Old Stone Age and the New Stone Age enjoyed very little alcohol or tobacco, probably none．3._________ However, a change in food is one of the main differences between life in ancient times and that of today.

Stone Age people hunted wild animals for their meat, which had much less fat than domestic ones．They ate a lot of fresh wild vegetables and fruits．They did not have milk or any other dairy products, and they made very little use of grains． 4. _________ We eat six times more salt than our ancestors．We eat more sugar．We eat twice as much fat but only one third as much protein and much less vitamin C.

5._________ But scientists say that we would be much healthier if we eat much the same way the ancient people did, cutting the amount of fatty, salty and sweet food.

A．Stone Age people lived a simple life.

B．But today, we enjoy eating a lot of these.

C．In that case, they would live much healthier.

D．Ancient people also got lots of physical exercise.

E．These new sicknesses were not known in ancient times.

F．People today probably don't want to live like our ancestors.

G．Modern people used to suffer from "diseases of civilization".

高三英语其他题中等难度题查看答案及解析

US universities are among the best in the world. Since World War Ⅱ, American scientists --- mostly working in universties or colleges --- have won more than half of all Nobel Prizes in physics and medicine. Foreign students rush to the United States by the tens of thousands. Last year they earned more than one quarter of the doctoral degrees awarded in the country. Yet while American universities produce the great research and great graduate program, they sometimes pay little attention to the task that lies at their very core: the teaching of undergraduate students.

With the increase in fees, educators feel obliged to improve undergraduate teaching. In speeches and interviews the nation’s higher educators have rediscovered teaching. Robert Rosenzweig, president of the Association of American Universities,  said,  “Our organization was never very concerned about teaching. In the last 18 months, we have spent more time on undergraduate education than on any other subject.”

Despite such promising efforts, no one doubts that research still outranks teaching at some of the leading universities, not least because it is a surer and faster way to earn status. Some people don’t think it has to be that way. They argue that the reward system for college faculty can be changed, so that professors will be encouraged to devote more time and effort to teaching. They say that they are beginning to believe that the first ten years of the 21st century may come to be remembered as the decade of the undergraduate.

That would bring it full circle. For more than two centuries after the founding of Harvard College in 1636, the instruction of undergraduate students was an essential condition of American higher education.

1.According to the passage, at some of the leading American universities ________.

A．research is declining in importance          B．teaching now ranks above research

C．teaching is a sure way to gain position        D．research still ranks above teaching

2.It is implied in the passage that about 200 years ago undergraduate instruction ________.

A．began to change all of a sudden

B．was already threatened by research work

C．was the central part of higher education

D．began to be neglected in most universities

3.What would be the best title for the passage?

A．University education in the US             B．University education challenged

C．Teaching and research in universities        D．Undergraduate teaching rediscovered

高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析

The 2016 Nobel Prize in Physics is shared by three scientists, the Royal Academy of Sciences announced in Stockholm on Tuesday. The Nobel Prize in Physics 2016 was divided, with one half awarded to David J. Thouless, the other half to F. Duncan M. Haldane and J. Michael Kosterlitz “for theoretical discoveries of topological phase transitions and topological phases of matter(物质拓扑相变和拓扑相).”

Haldane said he was “very surprised” at the news, adding that he was glad that their discoveries found something previously unnoticed by many, and that they revealed “more possibilities for looking for new materials.” He particularly pointed out that a lot of work was still ongoing.

The year’s prize amount is 8 million Swedish krona(0.93 million US dollars), and will be split properly between the three winners.

The winners are given a sum of money when they receive their prizes, in the form of a document confirming the amount awarded. The amount of prize money depends upon how much money the Nobel Foundation can award each year. The purse has increased since the 1980s, when the prize money was 880,000 SEK per prize. In 2009, the monetary award was 10 million SEK (US$1.4 million; €950,000). In June 2012, it was lowered to 8 million SEK.

If there are two winners of a particular prize, the award money is divided equally between the winners. If there are three, the awarding committee can choose to divide the money equally, or award one-half to one winner and one-quarter to each of the others. It is common for winners to donate prize money to benefit scientific, cultural, or charities.

1.How much price money does Thouless get?

A. 8 million Swedish krona.

B. 6 million Swedish krona.

C. 4 million Swedish krona.

D. 2 million Swedish krona.

2.According to the passage, Haldane thought that his work_________

A. was far from ending

B. was based on many previous studies

C. had perfectly been completed

D. had surprised the whole world

3.The amount of prize money _________.　　 .

A. has been ever increasing since the 1980s

B. has been ever decreasing since the 1980s

C. remains 880,000 SEK each year after 2012

D. differs according to the Nobel Foundation’s affordability

4.What does the last paragraph talk about?

A. The purpose of the award money.

B. How the award money is dealt with.

C. How the laureates are selected.

D. The number of laureates per prize.

高三英语阅读理解简单题查看答案及解析