Researchers say current exercise guidelines are unrealistic and argue that doctors should sometimes advise small increases in activity instead. They warn the 150-minute weekly target is beyond the reach of some people — particularly older individuals. And striving to reach these goals could mean the benefits of lighter exercise are overlooked. But public health officials say current recommendations have proven benefits in lowering the risk of heart disease.
There is increasing evidence that inactivity is linked to heart disease, Type 2 diabetes(糖尿病) and some types of cancer. UK guidelines for adults recommend at least two-and-a-half hours of moderate activity a week, in short periods of 10 minutes or more.
But in two separate articles in the BMJ, experts argue the message needs to change, with greater emphasis on making inactive people move more. Prof Philipe de Souto Barreto at the University Hospital of Toulouse, advises people who are sedentary(久坐的) to make small incremental increases in their activity levels — rather than pushing to achieve current goals. He points to previous studies which show even short periods of walking or just 20 minutes of vigorous activity a few times a month can reduce the risk of death, compared to people who do no exercise.
In the second article, Prof Phillip Sparking of the Georgia Institute of Technology, says doctors should tailor their advice — particularly for older patients. He suggests using GP visits for people over 60 to discuss "realistic options" to increase activity — such as getting people to stand up and move during TV commercial breaks.
Prof Kevin Fenton at Public Health England, says: "Everyone needs to be active every day — short periods of 10 or more minutes of physical activity have proven health benefits, but getting 150 minutes or more of moderate activity every week is the amount we need to positively impact on a wide range of health conditions. "This includes reducing the risk of heart disease and type 2 diabetes."
1.What is the current exercise goal mentioned in the passage?
A. 10-minute exercise. B. 20-minute exercise.
C. 60-minute exercise. D. 150-minute exercise.
2.What can we learn from the second paragraph?
A. A 10-minute exercise has little effect on the health.
B. Heart diseases happen easily to the old in activity.
C. Two-and-a-half hours of exercise is not necessary.
D. Inactivity easily brings about many serious diseases.
3.What is the suggestion of Prof. Philipe de Souto Barreto according to the third paragraph?
A. People should spend less time on exercise.
B. People should lower their activity levels.
C. People should increase exercise properly.
D. People should achieve their current goals.
4.Which of the following is TRUE about current exercise guidelines?
A. They are impractical. B. They are reasonable.
C. They have no effect on us. D. They are popular with people.
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题
Researchers say current exercise guidelines are unrealistic and argue that doctors should sometimes advise small increases in activity instead. They warn the 150-minute weekly target is beyond the reach of some people — particularly older individuals. And striving to reach these goals could mean the benefits of lighter exercise are overlooked. But public health officials say current recommendations have proven benefits in lowering the risk of heart disease.
There is increasing evidence that inactivity is linked to heart disease, Type 2 diabetes(糖尿病) and some types of cancer. UK guidelines for adults recommend at least two-and-a-half hours of moderate activity a week, in short periods of 10 minutes or more.
But in two separate articles in the BMJ, experts argue the message needs to change, with greater emphasis on making inactive people move more. Prof Philipe de Souto Barreto at the University Hospital of Toulouse, advises people who are sedentary(久坐的) to make small incremental increases in their activity levels — rather than pushing to achieve current goals. He points to previous studies which show even short periods of walking or just 20 minutes of vigorous activity a few times a month can reduce the risk of death, compared to people who do no exercise.
In the second article, Prof Phillip Sparking of the Georgia Institute of Technology, says doctors should tailor their advice — particularly for older patients. He suggests using GP visits for people over 60 to discuss "realistic options" to increase activity — such as getting people to stand up and move during TV commercial breaks.
Prof Kevin Fenton at Public Health England, says: "Everyone needs to be active every day — short periods of 10 or more minutes of physical activity have proven health benefits, but getting 150 minutes or more of moderate activity every week is the amount we need to positively impact on a wide range of health conditions. "This includes reducing the risk of heart disease and type 2 diabetes."
1.What is the current exercise goal mentioned in the passage?
A. 10-minute exercise. B. 20-minute exercise.
C. 60-minute exercise. D. 150-minute exercise.
2.What can we learn from the second paragraph?
A. A 10-minute exercise has little effect on the health.
B. Heart diseases happen easily to the old in activity.
C. Two-and-a-half hours of exercise is not necessary.
D. Inactivity easily brings about many serious diseases.
3.What is the suggestion of Prof. Philipe de Souto Barreto according to the third paragraph?
A. People should spend less time on exercise.
B. People should lower their activity levels.
C. People should increase exercise properly.
D. People should achieve their current goals.
4.Which of the following is TRUE about current exercise guidelines?
A. They are impractical. B. They are reasonable.
C. They have no effect on us. D. They are popular with people.
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
Researchers say current exercise guidelines are unrealistic and argue that doctors should sometimes advise small increases in activity instead. They warn the 150-minute weekly target is beyond the reach of some people - particularly older individuals. And striving to reach these goals could mean the benefits of lighter exercise are overlooked. But public health officials say current recommendations have proven benefits in lowering the risk of heart disease.
There is increasing evidence that inactivity is linked to heart disease, Type 2 diabetes (糖尿病) and some types of cancer. UK guidelines for adults recommend at least two-and-a-half hours of moderate activity a week, in short periods of 10 minutes or more.
But in two separate articles in the BMJ, experts argue the message needs to change, with greater emphasis on making inactive people move more. Prof Philipe de Souto Barreto at the University Hospital of Toulouse, advises people who sit too much to make small increases in their activity levels - rather than pushing to achieve current goals. He points to previous studies which show even short periods of walking or just 20 minutes of vigorous activity a few times a month can reduce the risk of death, compared to people who do no exercise.
In the second article, Prof Phillip Sparking of the Georgia Institute of Technology, says doctors should tailor their advice --- particularly for older patients. He suggests using GP visits for people over 60 to discuss “realistic options” to increase activity — such as getting people to stand up and move during TV commercial breaks.
Prof Kevin Fenton at Public Health England, says: “Everyone needs to be active every day — short periods of 10 or more minutes of physical activity have proven health benefits, but getting 150 minutes or more of moderate activity every week is the amount we need to positively impact on a wide range of health conditions.” This includes reducing the risk of heart disease and type 2 diabetes.”
1.What is the current exercise week goal mentioned in the passage?
A. 150-minute exercise B. 20-minute exercise
C. 60-minute exercise D. 10-minute exercise
2.What can we learn from the second paragraph?
A. A 10-minute exercise has little effect on the health.
B. Heart diseases happen easily to the old in activity.
C. Inactivity easily brings about many serious diseases.
D. Two-and-a-half hours of exercise is not necessary.
3.What is the suggestion of Prof. Philipe de Souto Barreto according to the third paragraph?
A. People should spend less time on exercise.
B. People should lower their activity levels.
C. People should increase exercise properly.
D. People should achieve their current goals.
4.Which of the following is TRUE about current exercise guidelines?
A. They are popular with people B. They are reasonable.
C. They have no effect on us. D. They are impractical.
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
“The world's oceans are slowly getting more acidic(酸的),” say scientists. The researchers from California report that the change is taking place in response to higher levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.
The lowering of the waters' PH value is not great at the moment but could cause a serious threat to current ocean life if it continues, they warn. Ken Caldeira and Michael Wickett, from the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, report their concerns in the journal Nature. Increasing use of oil fuels means more carbon dioxide is going into the air, and most of it will eventually be absorbed by seawater. Once in the water, it reacts to form carbonic acid. Scientists believe that the oceans have already become slightly more acidic over the last century.
These researchers have tried to predict what will happen in the future by combining what we know about the history of the oceans with computer models of climate change. “This level of acidity will get much more extreme in the future if we continue releasing CO2 into the atmosphere,” said Dr Caldeira. And we predict the amount of future acidity will be greater than anything we have seen over the last several hundred million years.
However, it is not absolutely clear what that means for ocean life. Most organisms live near the surface, where the greatest PH change would be expected to occur, but deep－ocean life forms may be more sensitive to PH changes. Coral reefs and other organisms whose shells contain calcium carbonate(碳酸钙) may be particularly affected if the water's acidity levels keep going up, the team predict. They could find it much more difficult to build these structures in water with a lower PH.
In recent years some people have suggested storing carbon dioxide from power station in the deep ocean as a way of dealing with global warming. But Dr Caldeira said that such a strategy should now be re—considered. “Previously, most experts had looked at ocean absorption of carbon dioxide as a good thing——because in releasing CO2 into the atmosphere we warm the planet, and when CO2 is absorbed by the ocean, it reduces the amount of greenhouse warming.”
1.The ocean is becoming more acidic due to________.
A. the lower water PH value B. the warming atmosphere
C. the higher level of CO2 in the air D. the increasing use of oil fuels
2.According to Dr Caldeira,________.
A. ocean absorption of carbon dioxide is a good thing
B. more oil fuels will be used in the near future
C. scientists may predict climate changes with computer models
D. the future situation of the amount of acidity is extremely serious
3.If the water's acidity level keeps rising,________.
A. ocean life whose structures contain calcium carbonate may be affected
B. the water's PH value will become higher and higher
C. organisms living near the surface are more sensitive to PH changes
D. some disastrous events will occur more often than before
4.Most experts once believed storing carbon dioxide in the ocean would reduce________.
A. the CO2 absorbed by the ocean B. the amount of greenhouse warming
C. the acidity of the ocean D. the gradual release of CO2
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
“The world's oceans are slowly getting more acidic(酸的),” say scientists. The researchers from California report that the change is taking place in response to higher levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.
The lowering of the waters' PH value is not great at the moment but could cause a serious threat to current ocean life if it continues, they warn. Ken Caldeira and Michael Wickett, from the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, report their concerns in the journal Nature. Increasing use of oil fuels means more carbon dioxide is going into the air, and most of it will eventually be absorbed by seawater. Once in the water, it reacts to form carbonic acid. Scientists believe that the oceans have already become slightly more acidic over the last century.
These researchers have tried to predict what will happen in the future by combining what we know about the history of the oceans with computer models of climate change. “This level of acidity will get much more extreme in the future if we continue releasing CO2 into the atmosphere,” said Dr Caldeira. And we predict the amount of future acidity will be greater than anything we have seen over the last several hundred million years.
However, it is not absolutely clear what that means for ocean life. Most organisms live near the surface, where the greatest PH change would be expected to occur, but deep－ocean life forms may be more sensitive to PH changes. Coral reefs and other organisms whose shells contain calcium carbonate(碳酸钙) may be particularly affected if the water's acidity levels keep going up, the team predict. They could find it much more difficult to build these structures in water with a lower PH.
In recent years some people have suggested storing carbon dioxide from power station in the deep ocean as a way of dealing with global warming. But Dr Caldeira said that such a strategy should now be re—considered. “Previously, most experts had looked at ocean absorption of carbon dioxide as a good thing——because in releasing CO2 into the atmosphere we warm the planet, and when CO2 is absorbed by the ocean, it reduces the amount of greenhouse warming.”
67. The ocean is becoming more acidic due to___________.
A. the lower water PH value B. the warming atmosphere
C. the higher level of CO2 in the air D. the increasing use of oil fuels
68. According to Dr Caldeira, ___________.
A. ocean absorption of carbon dioxide is a good thing
B. more oil fuels will be used in the near future
C. scientists may predict climate changes with computer models
D. the future situation of the amount of acidity is extremely serious
69. If the water's acidity level keeps rising, ___________.
A. ocean life whose structures contain calcium carbonate may be affected
B. the water's PH value will become higher and higher
C. organisms living near the surface are more sensitive to PH changes
D. some disastrous events will occur more often than before
70. Most experts once believed storing carbon dioxide in the ocean would reduce___________.
A. the CO2 absorbed by the ocean B. the amount of greenhouse warming
C. the acidity of the ocean D. the gradual release of CO2
高三英语阅读理解简单题查看答案及解析
Can wine really improve our health? 1. (science) are beginning to say “Yes!”
Researchers have found that red wines contain antioxidants (抗氧化剂), 2. help the body resist cancer and heart disease. 3.(general), red wines contain more antioxidants than most white wines. So, the best bet for drinking wine for our health is to stick to the dryer red wines. 4., this doesn’t give us freedom to get drunk every night. Don’t overdo it—but adding a glass of red wine to your daily diet can definitely make 5.difference to our health.
Paracelsus, the noted 16th-century Swiss physician 6. (write), “Wine is a food, a medicine and a poison it’s just a question of dose(剂量).” As with almost any food or drink, wine 7.(consume) in large doses can be harm to our health.
Most health officials agree that one or two four-ounce glasses of red wine per day can be8.(benefit) to men, while women should limit their consumption to one four-ounce serving per day.
Professor Roger Corder, has spent years studying the evidence of health benefits 9.red wine. In his new book, “The Wine Diet”, he says he 10.(convince) that most of us should include red wine in our everyday lifestyle.
高三英语短文填空困难题查看答案及解析
The researchers say a person loses two months for every kilogram overweight they are— and seven years for smoking a packet of cigarettes a day.
Unusually, the Edinburgh university team found their answers by analysing differences in people’s genetic code or DNA. Finally they think it will show new ways of helping us to live longer.
The group used the genetic code of more than 600, 000 people who are taking part in a natural experiment. If someone smokes, drinks, drops out of school and is overweight, it can be difficult to identify the impact of one specific unhealthy behavior.
Instead, the researchers turned to the natural experiment. Some people carry mutations(变异) in their DNA that increase(食欲) or make them more likely to put on weight, so researchers were able to compare those programmed to eat more with those who were not. The research team also found specific mutations in human DNA that alter lifespan (寿命).
●Mutations in a gene (a set of instructions in DNA) that is involved in running the immune system could add seven months of life on average.
●People with a mutation that increased levels of bad cholesterol knocked eight months off lifespan.
●A rare mutation in a gene—APOE—linked to dementia reduced lifespan by 11 months.
●And one that made smoking more appealing cut lives by five months.
Dr Joshi says that while genes do influence lifespan, “you’ve got even more influence” through the choices you make. Dr Joshi said, “We hope to discover genes affecting lifespan to give us new information about ageing and construct treatment tor ageing.”
There are also some disease mutations that clearly affect lifespan and to destructive effect, such as the Huntington’s gene. People with Huntington’s often die in their 20s.
However, in order to follow people until the end of their lives, many of the people studied were born before 1940.
1.What is the most difficult for the researchers to find?
A. The differences in people’s genetic code.
B. The reasons why people put on weight very easily.
C. The results of many natural and massive experiments.
D. One bad behaviour’s effect on people with many bad behaviours.
2.Which of the following mutations affects lifespan most greatly?
A. One linked to controlling immune system.
B. One increasing unhealthy cholesterol.
C. One called APOE involved in dementia.
D. One making smoking more attractive.
3.What’s the meaning of Dr Joshi’s study?
A. To help stop mutations. B. TO find diseases earlier.
C. TO make people live longer. D. TO reduce the effects of genes.
4.Why did researchers mainly study people born before 1940?
A. To follow them until they die. B. TO educate them an extra year.
C. To show they are more important. D. To make them live happier.
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
Dogs can know the meaning of a human perspective, say researchers.
Dogs are more capable of understanding situations from a human's point of view than has previously been recognized, according to researchers.
They found dogs were four times more likely to steal food they had been forbidden, when lights were turned off so humans in the room could not see.
This suggested the dogs were able to alter their behavior when they knew their owners' perspective had changed.
The study, published in Animal Cognition, conducted tests on eighty-four dogs.
The experiments had been trying to find whether dogs could make their behavior suitable to react to the changed circumstances of their human owners. It wanted to see if dogs had a "flexible understanding" that could show they understood the viewpoint of a human.
It found that when the lights were turned off, dogs in a room with their human owners were much more likely to disobey and steal forbidden food.
The study says it is "unlikely that the dogs simply forgot that the human was in the room" when there was no light. Instead it seems as though the dogs were able to differentiate between when the human was unable or able to see them.
Juliane Kaminski carried out the research into how dogs are influenced by human circumstances.
Dr Juliane Kaminski, from the University of Portsmouth's psychology department, said the study was "incredible because it implies dogs understand the human can't see them, meaning they might understand the human perspective".
Previous studies have suggested that although humans might think that they can recognize different expressions on their dogs' faces, this is often inaccurate and a projection of human emotions.
“Humans constantly attribute(归属) certain qualities and emotions to other living things. We know that our own dog is clever or sensitive, but that's us thinking, not them,” said Dr Kaminski.
“These results suggest humans might be right, where dogs are concerned, but we still can't be completely sure if the results mean dogs have a truly flexible understanding of the mind and others' minds. It has always been assumed only humans had this ability.
1.According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?
A. The researchers made the test on dogs in eighty-four countries.
B. Dogs always obey and don’t steal forbidden food.
C. Dogs may adapt their behavior in response to the changed circumstances.
D. The research is carried out to find out how dogs are influenced by light.
2.Which of the following can best serve as the title of the passage?
A. Dogs---Our Loyal Companions Understand Us Most.
B. Dogs Are Our Best Friends.
C. Dogs Can Understand Us In a Way, Researchers Say.
D. Dogs Have Certain Qualities and Emotions of Human Beings, Researchers Say.
3.Where can we probably read this kind of articles?
A. Textbooks. B. Advertisements. C. Instructions. D. Magazines.
4.This passage can be classified as________.
A. an argumentative writing B. a feature story
C. a dog show review D. a research result
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
There are new findings that not enough sleep may cause people to gain weight. Researchers say a lack of sleep can produce hormonal(激素的) changes that increase feelings of hunger.
In one study, researchers in the United States examined information on more than 1000 people. The people had taken part in a long-term study of sleep disorders.
Some people slept less than five hours a night. They had 15 percent higher blood levels of a hormone called ghrelin than people who slept eight hours. And they had 15 percent less of the hormone leptin. Experts say ghrelin helps make people feel hungry; leptin makes you feel full.
The scientists say these hormonal changes may be a cause of obesity in Western societies. They note the combination that sleep limitation is common and food is widely available.
The results were not affected by how much people exercised. People who are awake longer have more time to burn energy. But the researchers say loss of sleep may increase hunger especially for high-calorie foods, so people gain weight. It seems that, for survival, the body may be designed to store more fat during times with less sleep.
Researchers from Stanford University in California and the University of Wisconsin did the study. They found that the best amount of sleep for weight control is 7.7 hours a night.The Public Library of Science published the findings in its journal Medicine . Internet users can read the full study, free of charge, at plos. org.
1.Not enough sleep can cause obesity by ______.
A. burning more of your energy
B. making you want to eat more food
C. keeping you from doing exercise
D. helping you feel great without food
2.When you sleep 7.7 hours a night, you will ______ .
A. have your ghrelin level rise and leptin level drop
B.have your leptin level rise and ghrelin level drop
C.have your ghretin and leptin levels properly balanced
D.have your hunger increase and your weight decrease
3.You can read the findings________
A. Only on the Internet
B. only in Medicine
C. Both on the Internet and in Medicine
D. Neither on the Internet nor in Medicine
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
According to new health guidelines, even a minute or two of physical exercise is better than nothing: just walking upstairs and down again, before continuing your otherwise entirely sofa-based afternoon of crisps and television, makes for a healthier life than if you hadn' t bothered. The previous recommendation was for a 10-minute minimum, but for years’ the general direction of research has been toward the conclusion that there is no minimum at all. This doesn51 just go for exercise^ either. Five minutes in nature can boost your mental health; and while one daily serving of vegetables may be too few, it's definitely preferable to zero. If you are wondering whether or not some tiny but healthful activity is worth it, the answer^ almost always, is yes.
It' s a little strange actually, that this is even a topic of debate. Of course anything is better than nothing. For one thing, it's a good start for building habits. For another, tiny actions are valuable in themselves. Human bodies aren't digital devices, and health generally isn't a matter of reaching fixed thresholds （门槛）；what is good for the organism in large quantities is usually good in smaller ones, too.
The real reason for the debate is not that the facts are in dispute （争议）.It's that information is dangerous. When public bodies recommend^ say, a 10-minute minimum, it's because they worry that if they don't, people who might otherwise have exercised for 10 minutes will stop after two.
Even this column risks making things worse. If you had truly been planning to spend all day on the sofa, perhaps I have inspired you to take a five-minute walk; but if there is a chance that you would have gone to the gym for an hour, reading these words might persuade you to settle for the stroll （散步）instead.
Ideally, we would stop thinking about healthy behaviours in terms of minimums: within reason, you should be doing as much exercise as you can, not as little as you can get away with—while remembering that nothing is too minor to be not worth the bother. This is a sensible approach to much of life, I would say, from being a good friend or paying attention to your kids, to saving money or reducing your environmental impact. However much you do9 it will never be enough. But that is not a reason to do nothing—on the contrary^ it' s a reason to do something.
1.Tiny healthy actions are worthwhile because •
A.they contribute to good habits and health
B.they provide abundant choices for fitness
C.they add a new dimension to people, s lives
D.they are easily conducted in people5 s daily lives
2.Why don public bodies recommend a minimum time for exercise?
A.People have their own concept of time.
B.It contradicts with new health guidelines.
C.There is a lack of scientific research on it.
D.People may misinterpret its real intentions.
3.What does the writer want to stress in the passage?
A.Life lies in movement.
B.All roads lead to Rome.
C.Actions speak louder than words.
D.Anything is better than nothing.
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
A great many people are disappointed because of unrealistic expectations.
Walking up to a department store’s cloth counter, a(n)1 young woman said, “I want to buy this material for a new dress. How much does it cost?”
“Only one 2 per yard,” replied the smirking (自鸣得意的) male clerk.
Not to be taken back by the funny words, the woman said,” That’s fine! I’ll take ten yards.”
With 3written all over his face, the clerk 4 measured out and wrapped the cloth, then held it out teasingly,5forward to receive his “6 ”.
The woman got the package quickly from the clerk and pointed to a little old man standing beside her. “Grandpa will pay the bill instead of me,” she 7.
He was no doubt disappointed. But in the course of living, many people are8 when others do not 9their expectations. In order to be happy, some expectations must be dropped. These three particular 10 and unhealthy expectations are some of the main causes:
1. Expect too much11.When others say, “Thank you,” or in any way to show their gratitude, be happy. It is a gift!
2. Expect others to make you happy. They simply cannot do that. Make yourself happy and 12your joy with others.
3. Expect not to be13 . At times, people will simply not come through for you in the way you need.14 them and move on.
Get rid of these three unrealistic expectations and you can begin to expect more 15 right away!
1. A．tricky B．attractive C．ugly D．generous
2. A．kiss B．pay C．dollar D．cent
3. A．happiness B．enjoyment C．expectation D．courage
4. A．hurriedly B．slowly C．patiently D．curiously
5. A．setting B．sitting C．leaning D．taking
6. A．reward B．payment C．bonus D．money
7. A．smiled B．begged C．waved D．thought
8. A．encouraged B．disappointed C．annoyed D．surprised
9. A．live up to B．go against C．go without D．hope for
10. A．reasonable B．proper C．unimportant D．unrealistic
11. A．profit B．kiss C．appreciation D．disappointment
12. A．spare B．share C．make D．control
13. A．put down B．let down C．taken down D．thrown down
14. A．Forgive B．Punish C．Blame D．Praise
15. A．happiness B．encouragement C．excitement D．pride
高三英语完型填空中等难度题查看答案及解析