Over a four-year period, Swiss researchers have developed a machine that can keep human livers (肝)alive outside of the body for one week.
Livers are among the most commonly transplanted (移植)human organs. Current technology can only keep human livers alive for up to 24 hours. It is reported that, in 2017, about 8.000 liver transplants were performed in the U.S., of which 360 used livers from living givers In addition, about 11,500 people were registered on a waiting list to receive a liver transplant. Keeping livers alive and functioning for longer periods could greatly improve the chances of survival for patients.
The researchers say the purpose of their “Liver4Life” machine is to perform what they call liver perfusion (灌注)operations outside of the human body. Perfusion is the process by which blood or other liquids are pumped through organs and tissue. The machine keeps the liver at the right temperature and moves it in a way that would be natural in the body. Using a pump to fill the liver with blood acting like a human heart, the machine also provides oxygen to the organ, controls red blood cell levels and removes waste.
The research team began their experiments with livers from pigs. After repeated testing and engineering development, they succeeded in getting the pig livers to survive for seven days with support only provided from the Liver4Life machine. They also discovered the system can work to repair damaged livers. The team is now planning its next step to transplant machine-treated organs into patients.
Pierre-Alain Clavien. leader of the research said in a statement. “This technology will greatly increase the number of livers available for transplant, improving the chances of survival for patients. The success of this unique machine opens the way for many new applications in transplantation and cancer medicine.”
1.What does the author intend to do in paragraph 2?
A.Introduce a brand new topic for discussion.
B.Provide some latest data about present liver transplants.
C.Show the urgency of tech improvement in liver transplants.
D.Remind readers concerned of the importance of a healthy liver.
2.What does the underlined word “it” in paragraph 3 refer to?
A.The machine. B.The liver.
C.The temperature. D.The tissue.
3.What can we learn about the Liver4Life machine?
A.It is among the most commonly used machines for liver transplants.
B.It is aimed to carry out liver perfusion operations in the human body.
C.It can perform several functions to keep the liver working normally.
D.It can be used to keep the pig livers alive for more than one week.
4.Where is this text most likely from?
A.A biology textbook. B.A first aid brochure.
C.A social web page. D.A health magazine.
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题
Over a four-year period, Swiss researchers have developed a machine that can keep human livers (肝)alive outside of the body for one week.
Livers are among the most commonly transplanted (移植)human organs. Current technology can only keep human livers alive for up to 24 hours. It is reported that, in 2017, about 8.000 liver transplants were performed in the U.S., of which 360 used livers from living givers In addition, about 11,500 people were registered on a waiting list to receive a liver transplant. Keeping livers alive and functioning for longer periods could greatly improve the chances of survival for patients.
The researchers say the purpose of their “Liver4Life” machine is to perform what they call liver perfusion (灌注)operations outside of the human body. Perfusion is the process by which blood or other liquids are pumped through organs and tissue. The machine keeps the liver at the right temperature and moves it in a way that would be natural in the body. Using a pump to fill the liver with blood acting like a human heart, the machine also provides oxygen to the organ, controls red blood cell levels and removes waste.
The research team began their experiments with livers from pigs. After repeated testing and engineering development, they succeeded in getting the pig livers to survive for seven days with support only provided from the Liver4Life machine. They also discovered the system can work to repair damaged livers. The team is now planning its next step to transplant machine-treated organs into patients.
Pierre-Alain Clavien. leader of the research said in a statement. “This technology will greatly increase the number of livers available for transplant, improving the chances of survival for patients. The success of this unique machine opens the way for many new applications in transplantation and cancer medicine.”
1.What does the author intend to do in paragraph 2?
A.Introduce a brand new topic for discussion.
B.Provide some latest data about present liver transplants.
C.Show the urgency of tech improvement in liver transplants.
D.Remind readers concerned of the importance of a healthy liver.
2.What does the underlined word “it” in paragraph 3 refer to?
A.The machine. B.The liver.
C.The temperature. D.The tissue.
3.What can we learn about the Liver4Life machine?
A.It is among the most commonly used machines for liver transplants.
B.It is aimed to carry out liver perfusion operations in the human body.
C.It can perform several functions to keep the liver working normally.
D.It can be used to keep the pig livers alive for more than one week.
4.Where is this text most likely from?
A.A biology textbook. B.A first aid brochure.
C.A social web page. D.A health magazine.
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
Many college graduates are willing to start online shops to get over the period ________ they have difficulty finding a satisfactory job.
A. where B. when
C. which D. that
高三英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析
Researchers say they have developed technology that could predict heart attacks years before they happen. They report using mathematical systems to examine CT images of a patient’s heart. A CT scan uses X-rays and a computer to make detailed pictures of bones, organs and other tissue inside the body.
The new method was developed by researchers at the University of Oxford in England. A report on their study was published in the medical journal The Lancet. Also taking part in the study were teams from Germany and the US.
Most heart attacks result from a build-up of fatty tissue inside arteries（动脉）that carry blood from the heart to other areas of the body, thus blocking this flow of blood and causing a heart attack.
Currently, doctors use CT scans to learn when a sticky substance called plaque has already built up inside an artery. The new technology is designed to predict which arteries are at risk for future buildup.
The researchers reported using computers to examine CT scans to measure how much fat is present around heart arteries. That fat changes when an artery becomes affected, serving as an early warning system for heart attacks.
Charalambos, a professor at Oxford University, said he believes the research shows this method could be very effective in getting patients to take early steps to prevent future problems, adding that researchers had yet to estimate exactly how many heart attacks could be prevented. But he said he believes the technique could help identify between 20 to 30 percent of people at risk of having one.
He added that the new technology will make such predictions easier because it works together with existing CT technology. The research was based on two large, independent studies of 4,000 patients in Germany, and the US. A company with ties to Oxford University is developing a service to examine CT scans of patients around the world, Reuters reported.
1.What’s the aim of the new technology?
A. To predict ways to block fatty issues in heart arteries.
B. To provide detailed pictures of how arteries work.
C. To build computer models of the image of a heart.
D. To decide which arteries are likely to have fat built up.
2.When does a heart attack generally happen according to the text?
A. When the CT scan affects the flow of blood in the heart.
B. When fat around heart arteries blocks the flow of blood.
C. When a sticky material flows into an artery near the heart.
D. When bones and organs of the body begin to be weak.
3.What is an early warning for heart attacks?
A. A change of fat happening around heart arteries.
B. The finding of a sticky material in the blood.
C. The presence of fat around the bones and organs.
D. The aging and failure of arteries near the heart.
4.What’s the main idea of the text?
A. The harm of fat build-up to heart arteries.
B. The use of CT scans to prevent of heart attacks.
C. Research into the early warning of heart attacks.
D. The warning the body gives about heart attacks.
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
Researchers have developed new software using smart phones’GPS and imaging abilities that determine the exact location of distant objects as well as monitor the speed and direction of moving objects．The software could eventually allow smart phone-armed soldiers to target the location of their enemies．On the home front，the software could be used by everyone，including golfers judging distance to the green and biologists documenting the location of a rare animal without disturbing it．
“The great advantage of a Smartphone is that it provides so many tools in a single，readily available，relatively inexpensive package，”said Qia Wang，a doctoral student who led the development of the software．“For example，on the battlefield，a soldier needs a rangefinder，compass，GPS and other tools to get information before calling in an air strike．With our software，the soldier can have all those instruments in one device that can be purchased off the shelf．When that soldier returns from War，she can use the same Software to protect her family by clocking a speeder near her children’s school and catching the criminal on video．”
Wang and his colleagues developed their software to locate and track：
Targets of known size—when the size of the target is known．a single image is enough to pinpoint the target’s location．
Targets of unknown size—If the exact size of a target is unknown，the software uses two images to triangulate the location of the target·
Moving targets—By taking a short video of a moving target，the smartphone software can calculate how fast the target is moving and in what direction it is going.
“Currently，our software is limited by the physical abilities of smartphone hardware，but the devices are improving rapidly，”Wang said．“We expect that improvements in GPS accuracy，battery life and camera resolution will allow our software to make even more accurate observations．”
1.From Paragraph 1 we can know that the new software can.
A．determine the speed of moving objects
B．1ocate objects in the distance exactly
C．defend soldiers against their enemies
D．help biologists protect rare animal
2.The example given by Qia Wang is meant to .
A．make an advertisement
B．describe the software briefly
C．show the benefits of the software
D．present the functions of smartphones
3.How does the software calculate the speed of a moving object?
A．By taking a short video．
B．By locating its position.
C．By taking a single image．
D．By measuring real-life size.
4.What’s Qia Wang’s attitude towards the future of the software?
A．Casual． B．Optimistic． C．Cautious． D．Flexible
5.What is the best title of the text?
A．Qia Wang，a Talented Doctoral Student
B．Use Smartphones to Their Full Potential
C．Targeting and Tracking With Smartphones
D．Smartphone-armed Soldiers on the Battlefield
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
Researchers have developed new software using smart phones’GPS and imaging abilities that determine the exact location of distant objects as well as monitor the speed and direction of moving objects．The software could eventually allow smart phone-armed soldiers to target the location of their enemies．On the home front，the software could be used by everyone，including golfers judging distance to the green and biologists documenting the location of a rare animal without disturbing it．
“The great advantage of a Smartphone is that it provides so many tools in a single，readily available，relatively inexpensive package，”said Qia Wang，a doctoral student who led the development of the software．“For example，on the battlefield，a soldier needs a rangefinder，compass，GPS and other tools to get information before calling in an air strike．With our software，the soldier can have all those instruments in one device that can be purchased off the shelf．When that soldier returns from War，she can use the same Software to protect her family by clocking a speeder near her children’s school and catching the criminal on video．”
Wang and his colleagues developed their software to locate and track：
Targets of known size—when the size of the target is known．a single image is enough to pinpoint the target’s location．
Targets of unknown size—If the exact size of a target is unknown，the software uses two images to triangulate the location of the target·
Moving targets—By taking a short video of a moving target，the smartphone software can calculate how fast the target is moving and in what direction it is going.
“Currently，our software is limited by the physical abilities of smartphone hardware，but the devices are improving rapidly，”Wang said．“We expect that improvements in GPS accuracy，battery life and camera resolution will allow our software to make even more accurate observations．”
1.．From Paragraph 1 we can know that the new software can_______.
A．determine the speed of moving objects
B．1ocate objects in the distance exactly
C．defend soldiers against their enemies
D．help biologists protect rare animal
2.．The example given by Qia Wang is meant to ________________.
A．make an advertisement
B．describe the software briefly
C．show the benefits of the software
D．present the functions of smartphones
3.．How does the software calculate the speed of a moving object?
A．By taking a short video． B．By locating its position.
C．By taking a single image．D．By measuring real-life size.
4.．What’s Qia Wang’s attitude towards the future of the software?
A．Casual． B．Optimistic．
C．Cautious．D．Flexible
5.．What is the best title of the text?
A．Qia Wang，a Talented Doctoral Student
B．Use Smartphones to Their Full Potential
C．Targeting and Tracking With Smartphones
D．Smartphone-armed Soldiers on the Battlefield
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
Researchers in the United States have developed the first wirelessly controlled device that can supply a drug directly into the body. A small chip is implanted (植入) under the skin. It contains the medicine, which it releases at preset times. The developers say the device could improve the lives of millions of people who take medicine for long-term illnesses. A company called Microchips began developing the device about fifteen years ago. Last month, the company released the results of its first successful tests in humans. The tests took place in Denmark with seven women with osteoporosis（骨质疏松症）.
Osteoporosis causes bones to become weak and break easily. The disorder is common among older people especially women. Many patients have to give themselves daily injection（注射）of medicine. One type of treatment requires injections for two years. The patients stop taking the medicine because of the pain and stress of the injections. As a result, only twenty-five percent of the patients will go through the entire twenty-four months of treatment.
The microchip is a few centimeters long. It has small sections and each section holds a single dose（单次剂量）of medicine. The device has to be programmed with the times to release the drug. Doctors will be able to reprogram the device from a computer or even a cell phone.
For osteoporosis, the physician will program the device, and the device has the ability to release a dose at a given time, every single day. For other diseases, where the physician may want to change the dosing schedule, they will have the ability to wirelessly reprogram that dosing schedule.
The seven women in the study were ages of sixty-five to seventy. The researchers say the implants were just as effective as daily injections. And they say the medicine amounts were more exact than patients often give themselves.
1.The best title for the passage should be ______.
A．A New Company Called Microchips
B．A New Way to Take Medicine Every Day
C．Good News for Women with Osteoporosis
D．Taking Medicine, with Microchip under Skin
2.What does the underlined word “released” in paragraph 1 mean?
A．Announced. B．Planned. C．Got rid of. D．Caught hold of.
3.We can learn from Paragraph 2 that ______.
A．older people especially men easily develop steoporosis
B．bones’ becoming weak and breaking easily causes steoporosis
C．a quarter of the patients will go through the entire two years of treatment
D．pain and stress of the injections lead all patients to stop taking medicine
4.What advantages does the microchip have?
a. effective implants
b. less exact medicine amounts
c. purposely—changed dosing schedule
d. only one centimeter long and having small sections
e. improving the lives of millions of people
A．a, b, c B．c, d, e C．a, c, e D．b, c, d
5.In which column of a newspaper could we find this passage?
A．Arts. B．Jobs. C．Sports. D．Medicine.
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
Chinese researchers have developed a robot designed to help doctors treat the new coronavirus (新冠病毒) and other highly contagious diseases.
The robot can perform some of the same medical examination tasks as doctors. For example, the device can perform ultrasounds, collect fluid samples from a person's mouth and listen to sounds made by a patient’s organs. Cameras record the robot’s activities, which are controlled remotely so doctors can avoid coming in close contact with infected patients. Doctors and other medical workers can operate the machine from a nearby room, or from much farther away.
The robot's main designer is Zheng Gangtie, an engineer and professor at China’s Tsinghua University in Beijing. “Doctors are all very brave,” Zheng said. “But this virus is just too contagious…We can use robots to perform the most dangerous tasks.” Zheng said a friend of his, the head of Beijing’s Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, told him that one of the biggest problems in dealing with COVID-19 was that health care workers treating patients were getting infected themselves. Zheng said he wanted to do something to help this situation. So the engineer gathered a team and went to work on the robotic device. Zheng said the team was able to convert two robotic arms. The devices use the same technology that is used for space equipment, including moon explorers. The new robot is almost completely automated, Zheng said. It can even disinfect itself after performing actions involving patient contact. However, Zheng said he had heard from some doctors that it would be better not to build such robots to be fully automatic. This is because many patients still desire a personal presence to help calm them during treatment.
The team currently has two robots and both have been tested by doctors at hospitals in Beijing. One machine was taken to Wuhan’s Union Hospital, where doctors were being trained to use it. The plan is to use the robot to help treat coronavirus patients, along with assistance from nurses and other hospital workers.
Zheng would like to build more of the robots, but said money from the university has run out. About $72,000 has been spent on each robot. He said he does not plan to commercialize the design, but hopes that a company can begin that process.
1.What can we learn from Paragraph 2?
A.The robot can record doctors’ activities.
B.The robot can carry out actions automatically.
C.The robot can assist doctors to examine patients.
D.The robot can collect samples of patients’ organs.
2.The underlined word “disinfect” in Paragraph 3 is the closest in meaning to
A.affect B.clean
C.update D.fix
3.What can we infer about the robot according to Zheng Gangtie?
A.It is very costly to make.
B.It is highly recognized by doctors.
C.It can be purchased in the market soon.
D.It can also be used in moon exploration.
4.What is the main purpose of the text?
A.To introduce a new type of medical robot.
B.To provide guidance on treating COVID-19.
C.To describe the current condition of COVID-19.
D.To promote the commercialization of a new robot.
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
Researchers at Oxford University say they have developed a new method that could predict heart attacks years before they happen. They use mathematical algorithms(演算法)to examine CT images of a patient's heart. One report on their study has been published in the medical journal The Lancet.
Most heart attacks result from a build-up of fatty tissue inside arteries(动脉)that carry blood from the heart to other areas of the body. Too much buildup can block this flow of blood and cause a heart attack. Currently, doctors use CT scans to learn when a sticky substance called plaque has already built up inside an artery. The new technology is designed to predict which arteries are at risk for future buildup. How much fat is present around heart arteries also can be measured. That fat changes when an artery becomes inflamed(发炎), serving as an early warning system for heart attacks.
Charalambos Antoniades, a professor of cardiovascula(心血管)medicine at Oxford University, believes the research shows this method could be very effective in getting patients to take early steps to prevent future problems.
“Say your arteries are inflamed and a narrowing will be developed five years down the line. So maybe you can start preventive measures to avoid this formation of plaques,” he said. “If you are able to identify inflammation in the arteries of the heart, then you can say which arteries will cause heart attacks.”
Antoniades added that researchers had yet to estimate exactly how many heart attacks could be prevented. But he said he believes the technique could help identify between 20 to 30 percent of people at risk of having one.
He added that the new technology will make such predictions easier because it works together with existing CT technology.
1.You can identify which arteries will cause heart attacks by .
A. locating where the inflamed arteries are
B. seeing a cardiovascular doctor
C. developing a new method to predict it
D. measuring how much fat is built up
2.This passage is probably from a .
A. medical textbook B. travel brochure
C. graduation paper D. science journal
3.What‟s Artoniades‟ attitude towards the new method?
A. Tolerant. B. Defensive. C. Critical. D. Favorable.
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式.
Chinese researchers have developed a robot designed to help doctors treat the new coronavirus and other1. (high) contagious (传染的) diseases. The machine has a long robotic arm attached to a base with wheels. It can perform some of the same medical examination tasks2. doctors. Cameras record the robot’s activities, 3. are controlled remotely so doctors can avoid4. (come) in close contact with infected patients. Doctors and other medical5. (worker) can operate the machine from a nearby room, or from much farther away.
The robot’s main6. (design) is Zheng Gangtie, an engineer and professor at China’s Tsinghua University in Beijing. He said that he got the idea for the device around the time of the Lunar New Year in January. At the time, 7. number of cases of the COVID-19 virus was rising quickly in the city of Wuhan. COVID-19 is the disease8. (cause) by the new coronavirus.
“Doctors are all very brave,” Zheng said. “But this virus is just too contagious. We can use robots to perform the most9. (danger) tasks. I would like to build more of the robots, but money from the university10. (run) out so far. Each robot costs about $72,000 to make.”
高三英语语法填空中等难度题查看答案及解析
The days of having to carry a phone charger everywhere could soon be over. Michigan researchers have revealed a major breakthrough in harvesting energy from human motion. They say it could lead to smartphones powered for a week by the motion of a swipe(重击).
Michigan State University’s low-cost device, known as a nanogenerator, has already been tested. Scientists successfully operated an LCD touch screen, a bank of 20 LED lights and a flexible keyboard, all with a simple touching or pressing motion and without the aid of a battery. The groundbreaking findings, published in the journal Nano Energy, suggest “We’re on the path toward wearable devices powered by human motion,” said Nelson Sepulveda, associate professor of electrical and computer engineering and lead researcher of the project.
“What I foresee, relatively soon, is the capability of not having to charge your cell phone for an entire week, for example, because that energy will be produced by your movement,” said Sepulveda, whose research is funded by the National Science Foundation.
Electrical energy is created when the device is compressed by human motion. The completed device is as thin as a sheet of paper. The device used to power the LED lights was palm-sized, while the device used to power the touch screen was as small as a finger. Advantages such as being lightweight, flexible and low-cost could make it a promising and alternative method in the field of Mechanical-energy harvesting.
The device also becomes more powerful when folded. Sepulveda said, “You can start with a large device, but when you fold it once, and again, and again, it’s much smaller and has more energy. Now it may be small enough to put in a specially made heel of your shoe so it creates power each time your heel strikes the ground.”
Sepulveda and his team are also developing technology that would transmit the power generated by the heel strike to, say, a wireless headset.
1.Who is Nelson Sepulveda?
A. The major researcher in the project. B. A professor of engineering.
C. The fund supplier of the research. D. A journalist writing for Nano Energy.
2.The underlined word device in the 2nd paragraph is closest in meaning to ________.
A. keyboard B. smartphone C. screen D. machine
3.From the passage we know that the nanogenerator ________.
A. becomes more powerful when kept flat
B. has already come into market in the USA
C. is lightweight and flexible though expensive
D. makes it possible to produce power by walking
4.The purpose of the passage is to ________.
A. persuade people to buy the device B. bring in a new way to save energy
C. introduce a breakthrough in science D. honor Nelson Sepulveda for his contributions
高三英语阅读理解困难题查看答案及解析