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Emotions are “the glue” that connects people to one another. They are the foundation of your ability to understand yourself and relate to others. When you are aware of your emotions, you can manage stress and communicate well with others. Without emotions and awareness of them, it’s impossible to build or maintain strong, healthy relationships. The more aware you are of your own emotions, the easier it will be for you to pick up on what others are feeling and accurately read their wants and needs.

Although emotional awareness is so important, many people remain relatively unaware of their main emotional experience. In order to know your level of emotional awareness, ask yourself the following questions. If you answer no, you may need to work on raising your emotional awareness — Can you tolerate strong feelings, such as anger and sadness? Do you feel your emotions in your body? Are you comfortable with all of your emotions? Do you pay attention to your emotions and avoid them guiding your decisions?

Raising your emotional awareness begins with managing stress. The ability to quickly reduce stress allows you to safely face strong emotions, regulate your feelings and behave properly. Also, the process of raising emotional awareness involves reconnecting with all of the main emotions, including anger, sadness, fear, disgust, surprise, and joy. So get back in touch with your emotions and feelings. Another key to raising emotional awareness is practice. Like building muscles in a gym, you wouldn’t expect to be bodybuilder after just five minutes. The more consistently you practice, the greater changes you’ll experience in what you feel, think, and so.

We are all born with a capacity to freely experience the full range of human emotions — joy, anger, sadness, and fear. Yet many people are trying to avoid them rather than experience them. If you avoid emotions, you will lose the good ones, along with the bad ones. Either you fell your emotions or you don’t. When you shut down negative feelings like anger, fear, or sadness, you also shut down your ability to experience positive feelings such as joy, love and happiness. You can change or turn a blind eye to your emotions, but you can’t get rid of them entirely. Moreover, it will totally wear you out, because avoiding emotional experiences usually takes a lot of energy. What’s more, it damages your relationships. The more you distance yourself from your feelings, the more distant you become from others. You lose the ability to build strong relationships and communicate effectively, both of which depend on being in touch with your emotions.

Emotional Awareness

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Make the most of networking opportunities

Get to those networking events and talk, talk, talk. “There is value in every conversation you have, you never know where your next piece of work may come from. Changing the mindset to professionalism and saying, ‘I am a graphic designer’ rather than ‘I am a graduate’ is very important, ” says Lydia Wakefield, education and training manager at the Association of Independent Professionals and the Self­Employed.

Know your worth

It's hard to persuade people to pay for your work if you're willing to give it away. “Value your worth from the beginning. A lot of people feel the pressure to work nothing or charge a really low rate if they've been studying. Clients are willing to pay for the quality of the work that you do, ” says Wakefield.

Set up with the tools to get paid

Register for self­assessment and file those tax returns. “Make sure you have contracts and invoice templates(发票模板) in place, ” says Wakefield. It doesn't hurt to get some advice from a professional, says Jeff Skinner, of the Institute of Innovation and Entrepreneurship at the London Business School. “Find an accountant or someone doing something similar and ask them for commercial advice, ” he says.

Manage expectations

Know the limits to your capabilities. “You can feel the need to say yes to every project. Have a self­awareness of how much work you can take on at any time and manage expectations, ” says Wakefield.

Build resilience (韧性)

Wakefield highlights the importance of having a thick skin. “If you get a no, don't take it to heart. Keep going, you will find your next client, ” she says, “ask for feedback, you can always use it for testimonial.” And, remember that you're not alone. “It really is emotional highs and lows for any entrepreneur in early stages. But you're in a network with other people on the same journey as you, ” says Skinner.

Tips for New Graduates Who Want to Be Their Own 1.

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Educating girls quite possibly harvests a higher rate of return than any other investment available in the developing world. Women's education may be an unusual economical field， but increasing women's contribution to development is actually as much an economic issue as a social one. And economics， with its focus on encouragement， provides an explanation for why so many girls are rid of an education.

Parents in low­income countries fail to invest in their daughters because they do not expect them to make an economic contribution to the family： girls grow up only to marry into somebody else's family and bear children. Girls are thus seen as less valuable than boys and are kept at home to do housework while their brothers are sent to school—the prophecy(观念)becomes self­fulfilling， trapping women in a vicious(恶性的) circle of neglect.

An educated mother， on the other hand， has greater earning abilities outside the home and faces an entirely different set of choices. She is likely to have fewer but healthier children and can insist on the development of all her children， ensuring that her daughters are given a fair chance. The education of her daughters then makes it much more likely that the next generation of girls， as well as boys， will be educated and healthy. The vicious circle is thus transformed into a virtuous circle.

Few will argue that educating women has great social benefits. But it has enormous economic advantages as well. Most obviously， there is the direct effect of education on the wages of female workers. Wages rise by 10 to 20 percent for each additional year of schooling. Such big returns are impressive by the standard of other available investment， but they are just the beginning. Educating women also has a significant effect on health practices， including family planning.

The Significance of Female1. in Developing Countries

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Why Should You Be an Intrapreneur at work?

Wikipedia defines intrapreneurship as “the act of behaving like an entrepreneur while working within a large organization.” In my view, intrapreneurs are people who have a strong interest in thinking outside the box, pushing new ideas forward in their companies and speaking their mind.

Taking this road isn’t usually a popular choice. It’s easier to go with the flow, collect your paycheck and call it a day. However, the benefits of being an empowered, vocal (直言不讳的) employee are huge. Becoming an intrapreneur at work can help your career and even the careers of people around you in a variety of ways.

Speaking up when something isn’t going as you think it should - even if it’s just the way a project is being approached - demonstrates confidence and forward thinking. If you’ve never viewed yourself as a leader, this might seem very daunting (使人畏缩的) at first. And many people, women especially, might even feel as though they need permission to make their voice heard. The following quote opened my eyes and shifted my perspective on this many years ago:

“The thing women have yet to learn is nobody gives you power. You just take it.”

-Roseanne Barr　　　　

Even if they disagree with you, your colleagues are more likely to respect you as a professional if you demonstrate assertiveness (自信) and independent thinking. Respect yourself and your own ideas, and others will respect you in turn.

Intrapreneurs understand that their careers are in their own hands. If they’re unhappy at work or don’t like something about their workplace or responsibilities, they don’t complain about it; they take steps to change it. Being active instead of passive about your goals and personal vision will make you happier - with your job and yourself - in the long run.

Vocal employees are more likely to produce a culture where everyone believes they can contribute to a larger conversation about the company and its future. This is the key to producing a truly collaborative (协作的) culture that fosters loyalty.

Intrapreneurs don’t think of an idea and then shelve (搁置) it because “the boss will never go for it.” They push forward and ensure their ideas have a voice. They also think creatively about finding a way to make the idea fit within an existing initiative or program. Without people who’re willing to go to bat for their ideas, nothing new and innovative is likely to happen.

Wouldn’t you rather be that person?

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Orchids’ Secret

Orchids (兰花) are some of the most rare and delicate species in all of nature. For hundreds of years orchids have been prized discoveries of collectors and adventurers hoping to find new and diverse kinds of the flower. “Orchid hunters” went looking for the mysterious orchids and brought back new types to sell. However, many of them met with tragedy instead. Dozens of hunters were killed by accidents or diseases or murder. Others became food for horrible creatures.

While the plants have long been valued for their beauty, they may be even more important to science and our understanding of co-evolution. Unlike plants that can self-pollinate (自我授粉), orchids need very specific insects or birds to spread their pollen. The process by which insects, the wind, or birds spread the pollen of different flowers is called pollination. Pollen is a powder produced by plants that contains their genetic material. In order for the plants to reproduce, the pollen must be physically moved to the flower’s stigma (花的柱头), which contains an egg. Now the fertilized egg can become a seed. Birds and insects can pollinate plants by touching many different flowers and spreading the pollen around.

Orchids evolved to attract insects and birds. Because there are many different species of orchid, there are also many different ways the orchids attract their pollinators. Orlean explains that “many species look so much like their favorite insects that an insect mistakes them for its relatives, and when it lands on the flower to visit, pollen sticks to its body. Another orchid imitates the shape of something that a pollinating insect likes to kill... Other species look like the mate of their pollinator, so the bug tries to mate with one orchid and then another… and spreads pollen from flower to flower each hopeless time.”

Other orchids don’t use their shape at all, but rather produce specialized smells to attract specific insects, such as bees, beetles or flies. Some orchids smell like cake, some like chocolate, and some like rotting meat. All these smells may seem weird, but they exist to attract creatures to their pollen and help the orchids survive.

Orchids provide new angles for the research into plant and animal evolution on the earth. The strategies to attract insects and spread their flowers’ pollen go on and on. Each family of orchids has a unique kind of insect or bird that visits their flowers, as well as its own way of attracting them. It has worked, too. Orchid species number more than 25,000 worldwide, which is more kinds of species than any other flower on the planet, and new ones are still being found.

Orchids and the insects that pollinate them are one of the most amazing examples of evolution. By tricking the insects that collect its pollen, the orchid has survived since the time of the dinosaurs.

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I once had a superior, Natalie, who was repeatedly late. She would race into the office every morning, stressed and very untidy, and she’d always have to reschedule meetings. I almost had a panic attack once when she arrived just 17 seconds before our flight closed for boarding on an important business trip.

I’ve known a few people like Natalie, and I always think: How do they do it? I mean, isn’t it so anxiety-inducing to always race against the clock? If they take a few minutes for preparation and think ahead, everything will be much easier. Natalie’s approach didn’t do her any favor, that’s for sure. Her lack of organization meant she never got selected for leadership roles, and she wasn’t considered for the promotion she wanted. It wasn’t surprising.

The good news is that punctuality is not a gene. Anyone can master it! Here’s how you can stay on (or ahead of) schedule 99% of the time!

Refuse to take on too much

Overscheduled people run the risk of being late because they squeeze more into their calendar than a 24-hour slot (时段) will allow. Hey, you can’t fit seven eggs into a half-dozen box without a mess. This one simple rule will transform your life.

What can you scratch off the agenda before you even begin today? Get real with yourself here. What can you say “no” to in order to give your best to the stuff that really matters?

Set aside a few minutes to plan

Look at your day the night before or first thing in the morning, where do you have to be and by when? What do you have to do, and how long will each task take you? All you have to do is a bit of time budgeting!

Say you have three tasks to complete, and two meetings that both require a little preparation and travel time. Schedule an approximate time for each of three tasks, and give yourself some extra time in case you need a little longer than you think.

Have some necessities handy

Without dry shampoo, an accessory (配饰) collection that matches a basic black garment and a bright lipstick in handbag, getting ready would take me at least 30 minutes more per day. When you have some such time-saving stuff in your life, your appearance remains strong in a very short period of time.

Start batching (批量处理)

Whether you’re planning Facebook updates, sending emails or even make-ahead (可预先准备的) meals for the week, batching is a time-saver. Once you’re in a shopping, writing or social media mindset, perfect that by thinking a few days or a week out. A working mom shared with me the secret of batching meals, chores and even paying bills online. Try it—you won’t go back.

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Millions of people illegally download movies, music and video games every day, and online piracy is a serious and expensive problem. Recent figures show that 90% of files transferred over file-sharing networks are copyrighted. And it's costing the US economy up to $250 billion a year. At the heart of the matter there's a moral question to consider. Is it fair that someone downloads for free in seconds something that took a team of people months of hard work to create?

What are governments doing about online piracy? Some countries have passed tough new laws. The Spanish government has shut down domestic file-sharing websites and blocked access to overseas-based sites. Also, governments are going after high-profile pirates. Kim Dotcom, the owner of Megaupload.com, was arrested in New Zealand, who has been accused of piracy because many people were using his website to swap copyrighted files.

Are laws and arrests really the best way? Many people aren't so sure. The problem is that films are released at different times around the world. Kim Dotcom says that a teenager in Germany, for example, has to wait six months to see a movie that has already come out in the U.S. So, instead of waiting, they download it illegally. Kim says, ''If everybody had access to content at the same time, you wouldn't have a piracy problem. ''

American company Netflix lets users stream films to their TV. But many complain that Netflix's selection of movies is too small and that there aren't enough new releases. One reason is that studios release films on DVD and then, after a few months, make them available for streaming. But what actually happens is one person buys the DVD, they upload it to a file-sharing site and everyone else downloads it for free.

American law student Srikant believes that if movie studios and record companies want to beat the pirates, they need to make it just as simple and quick to get content legally. ''I think people would pay for content if it's reasonably priced and it's available when they want it. '' he adds.

This is already happening with music. Spotify is a program that lets you stream music to your computer for just €5 per month. And since it was launched in Sweden in 2009, online music piracy in Sweden has dropped by 25%. The key to its success lies in that Spotify has a large range of music; songs are instantly available and the service is reasonably priced.

Easy access isn't the only possible solution. Economist Glenn MacDonald thinks he has the answer. He says record companies should give albums away for free and then make money from tours and merchandising. That's not such a ridiculous idea. The heavy metal group Manowar has made a fortune from their tours, which are full of fans who discovered the band by illegally downloading the music.

Online piracy is a complex and controversial issue. And one thing is for sure: it's not going away anytime soon .

Online piracy----The issue of illegal file sharing

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Pretending you're someone else can make you creative

One great irony(讽刺) about our collective fascination with creativity is that we tend to frame it in uncreative ways. That is to say, most of us marry creativity to our concept of self: We are either “creative” people or we aren't，without much of a middle ground.

Pillay, a tech businessman and Harvard professor has spent a good part of his career destroying these ideas. Pillay believes that the key to unlocking your creative potential is to dismiss the conventional advice that urges you to “believe in yourself”. In fact, you should do the exact opposite: believe you are someone else.

In a recent column for Harvard Business Review, Pillay pointed to a 2016 study showing the impact of stereotypes(刻板印象)on one's behavior. The authors, education psychologists Denis Dumas and Kevin Dunbar, divided their college­student subjects into three categories, instructing the members of one group to think of themselves as “eccentric(古怪的) poets” and the members of another to imagine they were “rigid librarians”(people in the third category, the control group, were left alone for this part). The researchers then presented participants with 10 ordinary objects，including a fork, a carrot, and a pair of pants, and asked them to come up with as many different uses as possible for each one. Those who were asked to imagine themselves as “eccentric poets” came up with the widest range of ideas for the objects, while those in the “rigid librarian” group had the fewest. Meanwhile, the researchers found only small differences in students' creativity levels across academic majors—in fact, the physics majors inhabiting(寄生) the personas(伪装的外表) of “eccentric poets” came up with more ideas than the art majors did.

These results, write Dumas and Dunbar, suggest that creativity is not an individual quality, but a “malleable(可塑的) product of context and perspective.” Everyone can be creative, as long as they feel like creative people.

Pillay's work takes this a step further: He argues that identifying yourself with creativity is less powerful than the creative act of imagining you're somebody else. This exercise, which he calls “psychological halloweenism”， refers to the conscious action of inhabiting another persona—an inner costuming of the self. It works because it is an act of “conscious unfocus”， a way of positively stimulating the default mode(默认模式) network, a collection of brain regions that spring into action when you're not focused on a specific task or thought.

Most of us spend too much time worrying about two things: How successful/unsuccessful we are, and how little we're focusing on the task at hand. The former feeds the latter—an unfocused person is an unsuccessful one, we believe. Thus, we force ourselves into quiet areas, buy noise­canceling headphones, and hate ourselves for taking breaks.

What makes Pillay's argument stand out is its healthy, forgiving realism: According to him, most people spend nearly half of their days in a state of “unfocus”. This doesn't make us lazy people—it makes us human. The idea behind psychological halloweenism is: What if we stopped judging ourselves for our mental down time, and instead started using it? Putting this new idea on daydreaming means addressing two problems at once: You're making yourself more creative, and you're giving yourself permission to do something you'd otherwise feel guilty about. Imagining yourself in a new situation, or an entirely new identity, never felt so productive.

Title: Pretending you're someone else can make you creative

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The development of penicillin(1928-1945)

In 1928,Alexander Fleming was spending several weeks growing bacteria in piles of dishes for his experiment when he noticed a dish didn't look normal with blue mould in .Much to his astonishment, the mould killed the bacteria surrounding it. After discussing the blue mould with mould expert C. J. La Touche who had his office below Fleming's, they determined the mould to be a Penicillin mould. Fleming then called the active antibacterial agent in the mould, penicillin. He continued to run numerous experiments to determine the effect of the mould on other harmful bacteria. Surprisingly, the mould killed large number of them. He found the mould to be nontoxic and contain a powerful antibiotic.

In 1929, Fleming wrote a paper on his findings, which did not get any scientific interest. His penicillin was still in his lab far from an effective medicine because the development of Penicillin as a drug faced two problems. First, it was difficult for him to purify penicillin to work as a medicine. Second, he was not able to produce penicillin in the ample quantities needed to be effective

Fleming was praised for the discovery, but it was Howard Florey, Ernst Chain and their Colleagues at the Sir William Dunn School of Pathology at Oxford University who managed to turn penicillin from a lab curiosity into an effective drug. In 1940,they worked with penicillin. Solving these problems and stepping up its large-scale production

The increasingly obvious value and demand of penicillin in World War II accelerated the process of its mass production, which began in 1944.The wide use of penicillin during World War II saved many lives. Without it, many people would have died due to bacterial infections in even minor wounds.

Fleming discovered penicillin. Florey and Chain made it a usable product with a nickname of “wonder drug”. All three of them were awarded the 1945 Nobel Prize in Physiology or　 Medicine.

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The Cost of Thinking

Despite their many differences, all human beings share several defining characteristics, such as large brains and the ability to walk upright on two legs.

The first unique human characteristic is that humans have extraordinarily large brains compared with other animals. It seems obvious that evolution should select for larger brains. Mammals(哺乳动物) weighing sixty kilograms have an average brain size of 200 cm2. Modern man has a brain averaging 1200-1400 cm2. We are so fond of our high intelligence that we assume that when it comes to brain power, more must be better. Unfortunately, that is not the case.

The fact is that a huge brain is a huge drain—consumption of energy—on the body. It’s not easy to carry around, especially when boxed inside a massive skull(倾骨). It’s even harder to provide energy. In modern man, the brain accounts for about 2-3% of total body weight, but it consumes 25% of the body’s energy when the body is at rest. By comparison, the brains of apes(类人猿) require only 8% of rest-time energy. Early humans paid for their large brains in two ways. Firstly, they spent more time in search of food. Secondly, their muscles grew smaller and weaker. It’s hardly an obvious conclusion that this is a good way to survive. A chimpanzee(黑猩猩) can’t win an argument with a modern man, but it can tear the man apart like a rag doll.

Another unique human characteristic is that we walk upright. Standing up, it’s easier to find food or enemies. In addition, their arms that are unnecessary for moving around are freed for other purposes, like throwing stones or signaling. As a result, humans can perform very complex tasks with their hands.

Yet walking upright has its disadvantage. The bone structure of our ancestors developed for millions of years to support a creature that walked on all fours and has a relatively small head. Adjusting to an upright position was quite a challenge, especially when the bones had to support an extra-large skull. Humankind paid for its broad vision and skillful hands backaches and painful necks.

We assume that a large brain makes huge advantages. It seems obvious that these have made humankind the most powerful animal on earth. But humans enjoyed all of these advantages for a full 2 million years during which they remained weak and marginal creatures. Thus humans who lived a million years ago, despite their big brains and sharp stone tools, lived in constant fear of meat-eating animals.

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